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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
291

Characterizing the cognitive, behavioural, and mechanistic actions of novel allosteric modulator PAOPA for the treatment of schizophrenia / PAOPA: Its behavioural, cognitive, and molecular effects

Bhandari, Jayant January 2015 (has links)
The pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of schizophrenia remain elusive, but research is closing the gap. Schizophrenia globally affects less than 1% of the population and presents with positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. As treatment for schizophrenia is not completely and meaningfully effective at treating all of the symptoms, without eliciting side effects, the current thesis aimed to evaluate a new drug candidate. PAOPA is a novel allosteric modulator that increases dopamine binding to the dopamine D2 receptor. It has previously shown positive findings in preventing and reversing behaviours proposed to model phenotypes of schizophrenia. However, it has not yet been tested to improve cognitive deficits in animal models, nor has its effects on other animals models been investigated. Lastly, its mechanism of action has not yet been comprehensively answered. In three separate studies, PAOPA was tested on ameliorating attentional deficits using the 5-choice serial reaction time task in an amphetamine model, deficits in novel objection recognition memory, sensorimotor gating, social interaction, and locomotor activity using a PCP model, and its effects on proteins regulating G protein-coupled receptors (GRK2 and arrestin-3), downstream signalling (ERK1 and ERK2), and synaptic vesicular control (synapsin II) were investigated. Although the sample sizes were too small to draw valid interpretations, the results suggested that PAOPA partially attenuated deficits in attention, novel object recognition memory, social interaction, sensorimotor gating, but not locomotor. Furthermore PAOPA increased the protein expression of GRK2, arrestin-3, ERK1 and 2, and synapsin IIa in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and the nucleus accumbens. The results suggest that PAOPA influences the dopaminergic system in the striatum to change behaviour via receptor internalization and possibly downstream signalling. The present studies illuminate new insights, and point to future explorations for the potential development of PAOPA as a therapeutic for schizophrenia. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)
292

Dopamine mediated modulation of electrotactic swimming behaviour in Caenorhabditis elegans

Salam, Sangeena Devi January 2016 (has links)
The nematode C. elegans is a multicellular model organism to study the neuronal-basis of behaviour. C. elegans demonstrates an innate response to swim towards the cathode in the presence of a DC electric field(EF), a behaviour known as “electrotaxis”. We examined mutants affecting sensory and dopaminergic neurons and found that these mutants moved with reduced speed with intermittent pauses, abnormal turning, and slower body bend. A similar phenotype was observed in worms treated with neurotoxins 6-OHDA, MPTP and rotenone. Pre-exposing worms to a known neuroprotective compound acetaminophen could suppress the effects of neurotoxin on movement. Further, this study demonstrates that dopamine and the D2-type dopamine receptor are necessary to modulate electrotactic movements in worms. A reduction in extracellular dopamine leads to a significant increase in the swimming speed as judged by the analysis of bas-1(dopa decarboxylase) and cat-1(VMAT) mutants. The dopamine transporter dat-1 acts genetically downstream of bas-1 and cat-1 since dat-1 mutants efficiently suppress bas-1 and cat-1 phenotypes. We also found that DOP-3(D2-type receptor) acts as the sole receptor for dopamine-mediated regulation of electrotaxis. Interestingly, we found that prolonged exposure to EF resulted in a gradual decline in the swimming speed such that animals were 40% slower at the end of ten minutes exercise period. This change is mediated by DOP-3 since dop-3 mutants continue to swim at the initial speed and don’t slow down. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of animals treated with Heloperidol(D2 antagonist) and SKF38393(D1 agonist). Overall, our work demonstrates that D2 receptor-mediated neuronal signalling is required to restrict muscle activity not only during the initial phase of electrotaxis swimming but also for the entire duration of the assay. We suggest that such a role of dopamine signalling might serve as an important and conserved mechanism to limit muscle overuse during prolonged physical exercise. / Thesis / Doctor of Science (PhD)
293

Potentiel thérapeutique de JJ-3-42, un nouvel agoniste sélectif des récepteurs 5-HT2C, dans le traitement des maladies psychiatriques

Bahremand, Arash 23 January 2021 (has links)
Introduction: Dernièrement, différents éléments de preuve soutiennent les avantages potentiels de l'activation des récepteurs 5-HT2C dans divers troubles psychiatriques. À cet égard, JJ-3-42, un agoniste puissant et sélectif des récepteurs 5-HT2C, a démontré un profil prometteur dans des études préliminaires chez l'animal. Cependant, l'étendue des réponses centrales de ce nouveau composé dans diverses dimensions du comportement des animaux n'est pas encore claire. Dans cette étude, nous avons étudié les implications thérapeutiques possibles de l'activation des récepteurs 5-HT2C après l'administration de JJ-3-42 à l'aide d'un large éventail de modèles animaux de troubles mentaux. Méthodes: Dans un premier temps, nous avons examiné les résultats principaux de JJ-3-42 dans une batterie de tests comportementaux chez le modèle de souris TPH2-KI avec une déficience importante de sérotonine dans le cerveau. Plusieurs tests standards liés à la cognition, à l'anxiété, aux interactions sociales et au comportement répétitif/compulsif des animaux ont été utilisés. Dans cette étude et pour la première fois, nous avons comparé JJ3-42 à un ligand de sérotonine endogène non sélectif, le 5-HTP, et à un agoniste puissant et sélectif des récepteurs 5-HT2C, CP809.101, dans une cohorte de souris de type sauvage et homozygote (HO) TPH2-KI R439H. Deuxièmement, nous avons examiné les propriétés modulatrices de JJ-3-42 sur le système de la dopamine en utilisant des indices d'activité locomotrice d'animaux de type sauvage dans différents paradigmes. À cet égard, l'efficacité de JJ-3-42 à résister à l'activité hyperlocomotrice des animaux suite à l'administration de différents psychostimulants a été évaluée. Par ailleurs, la réponse d'une injection aiguë de JJ-3-42 sur l'activité locomotrice innée de DAT-KO HO ainsi que la locomotion de souris DAT-KO HO épuisées en dopamine ont été testées. Enfin, l'effet du prétraitement quotidien de JJ-3-42 sur la réponse locomotrice d'une dose ‘challenge‘ de cocaïne chez des animaux sensibilisés a été étudié. Résultats: Nous avons observé une réduction significative des tendances comportementales répétitives et agressives des souris TPH2-KI HO après l'administration de divers agents sérotoninergiques. En utilisant deux agonistes sélectifs du récepteur 5- HT2C, CP809.101 et JJ-3-42, nous avons démontré que ces réponses bénéfiques étaient véhiculées par l'activation des récepteurs 5-HT2C dans le cerveau. De plus, nous avons enregistré un fort caractère pro-cognitif et anti-compulsif pour le nouvel agoniste de 5- HT2C, JJ-3-42, dans plusieurs paradigmes comportementaux du modèle murin TPH2-KI. Nos résultats indiquent le profil favorable de JJ-3-42 par rapport à l'autre agoniste sélectif de la 5-HT2C, CP809.10, dans les tests liés à l'anxiété. En fait, nos résultats indiquent qu’à une dose puissante et thérapeutique de 10 mg/kg, JJ-3-42 est dépourvu de toute réponse anxiogène significative chez l’animal. Dans la deuxième partie de nos expériences, JJ-3-42 a montré un profil antipsychotique robuste et dose-dépendant en résistant à l'hyperactivité normalement induite par l'administration d'apomorphine et d'amphétamine. Nos résultats démontrent qu’à une dose de 10 mg/kg, ce composé n’a aucun effet sur l’état hyperdopaminergique inné ou induit des animaux, mais qu’à 20 mg/kg, il diminue considérablement l’activité locomotrice des souris DAT-KO HO et des animaux traités par psychostimulants. Contrairement, JJ-3-42 à 10 mg/kg a potentialisé les réponses locomotrices de la cocaïne et du MK-801 chez des souris, soulignant la complexité de l'interaction des récepteurs de la sérotonine 5-HT2C et du système dopaminergique dans le cerveau. Enfin, le prétraitement quotidien des animaux avec JJ-3-42 à 10 mg/kg n'a pas modifié la réponse d'une dose de ‘challenge’ de cocaïne chez les souris sensibilisées par rapport à une solution saline dans un protocole de sensibilisation de sept jours. Conclusion: Ces résultats confirment les effets positifs de l'agoniste du récepteur 5-HT2C JJ-3-42 dans la régularisation de différentes dimensions comportementales chez les animaux. Nos résultats démontrent des propriétés antipsychotiques et procognitives convaincantes pour JJ-3-42 dans divers modèles animaux de troubles mentaux. Ce composé a permis de réduire l'impulsivité et d'améliorer la sociabilité des animaux, sans signe de réponse anxiogène. Ensemble, nos résultats suggèrent que JJ-3-42 pourrait posséder des indications thérapeutiques dans plusieurs dimensions de troubles mentaux telles que la schizophrénie, la toxicomanie ou les troubles obsessionnels compulsifs. Notre étude implique que ce médicament pourrait éventuellement entraîner moins d'effets secondaires et un meilleur contrôle des symptômes négatifs et cognitifs chez les patients psychiatriques. Enfin, nos résultats indiquent que JJ-3-42 pourrait réduire les indices d’agression et d’impulsivité sans provoquer d’anxiété dans la population cible. Considérant un besoin crucial de développer de nouveaux médicaments ayant une meilleure efficacité thérapeutique et des effets secondaires moindres, les résultats de cette thèse pourraient éventuellement conduire à une amélioration substantielle du traitement des maladies psychiatriques. / Introduction: Recently, various lines of evidence support the potential benefits of 5-HT2C receptor activation in different psychiatric disorders. In this regard, JJ-3-42 a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor agonist has demonstrated a promising profile in preclinical animal studies. However, the extent of central responses of this new compound in various dimensions of animal behaviour is not clear yet. In this study, we investigated the possible therapeutic implications of 5-HT2C receptor activation following the administration of JJ-3-42, using a wide range of animal models of mental disorders. Methods: Firstly, we examined the central outcomes of JJ-3-42 in a battery of behavioural tests in the brain-serotonin deficient TPH2-KI mouse model. Several standard tests related to cognition, anxiety, social interaction and repetitive/compulsive behaviour were used. In this study and for the very first time, we tested the JJ-3-42 molecule, side-by-side with a non-selective endogenous serotonin ligand, 5-HTP, and a potent and selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist, CP809.101, in a cohort of wild type and homozygote (HO) TPH2-KI R439H mice. Secondly, we examined the potential of JJ-3-42 to modulate the dopamine system using indexes of locomotor activity in wild type animals using different paradigms. In this regard, the efficiency of JJ-3-42 to resist the induced hyperlocomotor activity following the administration of different psychostimulants was evaluated. Moreover, the response of acute injection of JJ-3-42 on the innate locomotor activity of DAT-KO HO as well as the locomotion of dopamine depleted DAT-KO HO mice was tested. Finally, the effect of daily pre-treatment of JJ-3-42 on the locomotor response following cocaine administration in sensitized animals was studied. Results: We observed a significant reduction of repetitive and aggressive behavioural tendencies of TPH2-KI HO mice following the administration of various serotonergic agents. Using two selective 5-HT2C agonists CP809,101 and JJ-3-42, we showed that these beneficial responses were most likely carried via activation of 5-HT2C receptors in the brain. Moreover, we recorded a strong pro-cognitive and anti-compulsive character for the new 5-HT2C agonist JJ-3-42 across related behavioural paradigms in the TPH2-KI mouse model. Our results, also, indicate the favourable profile of JJ-3-42 compared to the other selective 5-HT2C agonist CP809.10 in anxiety-related tests. In fact, our findings show that, in contrast to the compounds, at a potent and therapeutic dose of 10 mg/kg, JJ-3-42 is devoid of any significant anxiogenic response in animals. In the second part of our experiments, JJ-3-42 shows a robust and dose-dependent antipsychotic profile by preventing hyperactivity of animals induced by the administration of apomorphine and amphetamine. Our results demonstrates that, at a lower dose of 10 mg/kg, this compound has no effect on the innate or induced hyperdopaminergic state of the animals while at 20 mg/kg, it reduces the locomotor activity in DAT-KO HO mice and psychostimulant-treated WT animals. On the other hand, JJ-3-42, at 10 mg/kg, potentiated the locomotor responses of cocaine and MK-801, pointing out a complex interaction of the serotonin 5-HT2C receptors and the dopamine system. Finally, our results indicate that the daily pre-treatment of animals with JJ-3-42 at 10 mg/kg, does not change the locomotor response of a challenge dose of cocaine in sensitized mice compared to saline in a seven-days sensitization protocol. Conclusion: These results confirm the positive behavioural outcomes of 5-HT2C receptor agonist JJ-3-42 administration in the regulation of different mouse behaviours. Our results indicate compelling antipsychotic and pro-cognitive properties of JJ-3-42 in various mouse models of mental disorders. This compound successfully reduced the impulsivity and improved the sociability of the animals with no evidence of anxiogenic response. Taken together, our findings suggest that JJ-3-42 might possess therapeutic indications in several dimensions of mental disorders such as schizophrenia, drug addiction or obsessivecompulsive disorders. Our study implies that this drug could conceivably lead to fewer side effects and better control of negative and cognitive symptoms in psychiatric patients. Finally, our results indicate that JJ-3-42 might reduce the aggression and impulsivity indexes in animals, which might point out to the clinical implication of this drug in the future. Considering the crucial need for the development of new drugs possessing better therapeutic efficiency and less side effects, the results presented in this thesis should be considered a substantial progress towards the advancement of the use of 5-HT2C drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
294

Hormonal regulation of dopamine release in vitro from the posterior pituitary and stalk-median eminence

Garris, Paul A. January 1990 (has links)
This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).
295

In vivo assessment of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens of the rat

Guan, Xiao-Ming January 1989 (has links)
This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).
296

Synapse-Associated Protein 102 and Postsynaptic Density 95 Regulate Dopamine D1-Class Receptors in Subtype-Specific Manner

Albraidy, Bassam 01 February 2024 (has links)
No description available.
297

THE EFFECT OF STEROIDS ON NEUROENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN IMMATURE RATS

Russell, Jill M. 03 December 2004 (has links)
No description available.
298

Prenatal exposure to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) has lasting consequences on neural development and behavior

Thompson, Valerie 06 August 2010 (has links)
No description available.
299

Neurobehavioral Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Immune Activation

Bronson, Stefanie L. January 2011 (has links)
No description available.
300

Cetyltrimethylammonium Halide-Coated Electrodes for the Detection of Dopamine in the Presence of Interferents

Yeary, Amber J. 13 December 2011 (has links)
No description available.

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