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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo do jitter de fase em redes de distribuição de sinais de tempo. / Phase jitter in time signal distribution networks.

Bueno, Átila Madureira 04 June 2009 (has links)
As redes de distribuição de sinais de tempo - ou redes de sincronismo - têm a tarefa de distribuir os sinais de fase e freqüência ao longo de relógios geograficamente dispersos. Este tipo de rede é parte integrante de inúmeras aplicações e sistemas em Engenharia, tais como sistemas de comunicação e transmissão de dados, navegação e rastreamento, sistemas de monitoração e controle de processos, etc. Devido ao baixo custo e facilidade de implementação, a topologia mestre-escravo tem sido predominante na implementação das redes. Recentemente, devido ao surgimento das redes sem fio - wireless - de conexões dinâmicas, e ao aumento da freqüência de operação dos circuitos integrados, topologias complexas, tais como as redes mutuamente conectadas e small world têm ganhado importância. Essencialmente cada nó da rede é composto por um PLL - Phase-Locked Loop - cuja função é sincronizar um oscilador local a um sinal de entrada. Devido ao seu comportamentamento não-linear, o PLL apresenta um jitter com o dobro da freqüência de livre curso dos osciladores, prejudicando o desempenho das redes. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo analítico e por simulação das condições que garantam a existência de estados síncronos, e do comportamento do jitter de fase nas redes de sincronismo. São analisadas as topologias mestre-escravo e mutuamente conectada para o PLL analógico clássico. / Network synchronization deals with the problem of distributing time and fre- quency among spatially remote locations. This kind of network is a constituent element of countless aplications and systems in Engineering, such as communication and data transmission systems, navigation and position determination, monitoring and process control systems, etc. Due to its low cost and simplicity, the master-slave architec- ture has been widely used. In the last few years, with the growth of the dynamically connected wireless networks and the rising operational frequencies of the integrated cir- cuits, the study of the mutually connected and small world architectures are becoming relevant. Essentially, each node of a synchronization network is constituted by a PLL - Phase-Locked Loop - circuit that must automatically adjust the phase of a local oscillator to the phase of an incoming signal. Because of its nonlinear behavior the PLL presents a phase jitter with the double of the free running frequency of the oscillators, impairing the network performance. Thus, this work aims to study, both analytically and by simulation, the existence conditions of the synchronous states and the behavior of the double frequency jitter in the synchronization networks. Specifically the One Way Master Slave (OWMS) and Mutually Connected (MC) network architectures for classical analogical PLLs are analyzed.
2

Estudo de lasers Raman para dobramento de frequência no azul / Study of Raman lasers to double frequency in blue

Paes, João Pedro Fonseca 20 April 2017 (has links)
Os lasers Raman permitem a exploração de novos comprimentos de onda, não comumente acessíveis, graças ao Espalhamento Raman Estimulado. Unidos a processos de conversão não linear, abrem-se campos para emissão de comprimentos de onda na região do visível no espectro eletromagnético. Com uma mesma configuração, diversas combinações de cristais possibilitam a geração de múltiplas frequências, transformando esse tipo de laser em um dispositivo compacto e barato quando comparado com outras tecnologias existentes. Este trabalho apresenta a busca da conversão intracavidade em frequências de lasers Raman, em uma configuração linear. Com dois comprimentos de onda de bombeamento de energia (797 nm e 872 nm), diodos semicondutores foram utilizados para acessar dois picos de absorção do cristal Nd:YLF. O bombeamento em 797 nm levou a emissão fundamental em 908 nm. E através do cristal KGW, com linhas de emissão Stokes, um novo comprimento de onda foi alcançado, em 990 nm. Com o cristal dobrador, BiBO, soma de frequência e segundo harmônico foram gerados, permitindo as emissões em uma região espectral azul bastante larga (450 500 nm). Com o bombeamento em 872 nm, uma emissão de três níveis no cristal Nd:YLF não foi possível, conseguindo apenas a emissão em 1064 nm, linha comum para cristais de neodímio. Uma outra cavidade foi estudada, porém com bombeamento em 880 nm e cristal de Nd:YVO4, conhecido por ser self-Raman. Com uma configuração linear semelhante à anteriormente citada, somente sua linha de emissão fundamental em 914 nm foi obtida, não sendo possível com as condições trabalhadas a emissão Stokes, que permitisse dar continuidade ao estudo. / The Raman lasers allow the exploration of new wavelenghts, not commonly avaliable, thanks to stimulated Raman scattering. Using non-linear convertion processes, the emission of wavelenghts in the region of the visible spectrum become possible. With the same cavity configuration, the use of different combinations of crystals allow the generation of multiple frequencies, transforming this type of laser in a compact and cheap device when compared to other existing technologies. This work presents our research for intracavity Raman conversion, in a linear cavity configuration. Two pumping wavelengths of 797 nm and 872 nm, supplied by semiconductor diodes were used to access two absorption peaks of the Nd: YLF crystal. The pumping at 797 nm led to fundamental emission at 908 nm. And through the KGW crystal, with Stokes shift of 901 cm-1, a new wavelength was obtained at 990 nm. With the doubling crystal, BiBO, sum frequency and second harmonic were generated, allowing the emissions in a fairly broad blue spectral region (450 - 500 nm). With the pumping at 872 nm, a three levels emission in the Nd: YLF crystal could not be obtained, achieving only emission at 1064 nm, a common line for Neodymium crystals. An another cavity was studied, but with pumping at 880 nm and using a Nd:YVO4 crystal, known for being self-Raman. With a similar linear configuration to the above mentioned, only its fundamental, three-level emission line at 914 nm was obtained.
3

Estudo de lasers Raman para dobramento de frequência no azul / Study of Raman lasers to double frequency in blue

João Pedro Fonseca Paes 20 April 2017 (has links)
Os lasers Raman permitem a exploração de novos comprimentos de onda, não comumente acessíveis, graças ao Espalhamento Raman Estimulado. Unidos a processos de conversão não linear, abrem-se campos para emissão de comprimentos de onda na região do visível no espectro eletromagnético. Com uma mesma configuração, diversas combinações de cristais possibilitam a geração de múltiplas frequências, transformando esse tipo de laser em um dispositivo compacto e barato quando comparado com outras tecnologias existentes. Este trabalho apresenta a busca da conversão intracavidade em frequências de lasers Raman, em uma configuração linear. Com dois comprimentos de onda de bombeamento de energia (797 nm e 872 nm), diodos semicondutores foram utilizados para acessar dois picos de absorção do cristal Nd:YLF. O bombeamento em 797 nm levou a emissão fundamental em 908 nm. E através do cristal KGW, com linhas de emissão Stokes, um novo comprimento de onda foi alcançado, em 990 nm. Com o cristal dobrador, BiBO, soma de frequência e segundo harmônico foram gerados, permitindo as emissões em uma região espectral azul bastante larga (450 500 nm). Com o bombeamento em 872 nm, uma emissão de três níveis no cristal Nd:YLF não foi possível, conseguindo apenas a emissão em 1064 nm, linha comum para cristais de neodímio. Uma outra cavidade foi estudada, porém com bombeamento em 880 nm e cristal de Nd:YVO4, conhecido por ser self-Raman. Com uma configuração linear semelhante à anteriormente citada, somente sua linha de emissão fundamental em 914 nm foi obtida, não sendo possível com as condições trabalhadas a emissão Stokes, que permitisse dar continuidade ao estudo. / The Raman lasers allow the exploration of new wavelenghts, not commonly avaliable, thanks to stimulated Raman scattering. Using non-linear convertion processes, the emission of wavelenghts in the region of the visible spectrum become possible. With the same cavity configuration, the use of different combinations of crystals allow the generation of multiple frequencies, transforming this type of laser in a compact and cheap device when compared to other existing technologies. This work presents our research for intracavity Raman conversion, in a linear cavity configuration. Two pumping wavelengths of 797 nm and 872 nm, supplied by semiconductor diodes were used to access two absorption peaks of the Nd: YLF crystal. The pumping at 797 nm led to fundamental emission at 908 nm. And through the KGW crystal, with Stokes shift of 901 cm-1, a new wavelength was obtained at 990 nm. With the doubling crystal, BiBO, sum frequency and second harmonic were generated, allowing the emissions in a fairly broad blue spectral region (450 - 500 nm). With the pumping at 872 nm, a three levels emission in the Nd: YLF crystal could not be obtained, achieving only emission at 1064 nm, a common line for Neodymium crystals. An another cavity was studied, but with pumping at 880 nm and using a Nd:YVO4 crystal, known for being self-Raman. With a similar linear configuration to the above mentioned, only its fundamental, three-level emission line at 914 nm was obtained.
4

Estudo do jitter de fase em redes de distribuição de sinais de tempo. / Phase jitter in time signal distribution networks.

Átila Madureira Bueno 04 June 2009 (has links)
As redes de distribuição de sinais de tempo - ou redes de sincronismo - têm a tarefa de distribuir os sinais de fase e freqüência ao longo de relógios geograficamente dispersos. Este tipo de rede é parte integrante de inúmeras aplicações e sistemas em Engenharia, tais como sistemas de comunicação e transmissão de dados, navegação e rastreamento, sistemas de monitoração e controle de processos, etc. Devido ao baixo custo e facilidade de implementação, a topologia mestre-escravo tem sido predominante na implementação das redes. Recentemente, devido ao surgimento das redes sem fio - wireless - de conexões dinâmicas, e ao aumento da freqüência de operação dos circuitos integrados, topologias complexas, tais como as redes mutuamente conectadas e small world têm ganhado importância. Essencialmente cada nó da rede é composto por um PLL - Phase-Locked Loop - cuja função é sincronizar um oscilador local a um sinal de entrada. Devido ao seu comportamentamento não-linear, o PLL apresenta um jitter com o dobro da freqüência de livre curso dos osciladores, prejudicando o desempenho das redes. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo analítico e por simulação das condições que garantam a existência de estados síncronos, e do comportamento do jitter de fase nas redes de sincronismo. São analisadas as topologias mestre-escravo e mutuamente conectada para o PLL analógico clássico. / Network synchronization deals with the problem of distributing time and fre- quency among spatially remote locations. This kind of network is a constituent element of countless aplications and systems in Engineering, such as communication and data transmission systems, navigation and position determination, monitoring and process control systems, etc. Due to its low cost and simplicity, the master-slave architec- ture has been widely used. In the last few years, with the growth of the dynamically connected wireless networks and the rising operational frequencies of the integrated cir- cuits, the study of the mutually connected and small world architectures are becoming relevant. Essentially, each node of a synchronization network is constituted by a PLL - Phase-Locked Loop - circuit that must automatically adjust the phase of a local oscillator to the phase of an incoming signal. Because of its nonlinear behavior the PLL presents a phase jitter with the double of the free running frequency of the oscillators, impairing the network performance. Thus, this work aims to study, both analytically and by simulation, the existence conditions of the synchronous states and the behavior of the double frequency jitter in the synchronization networks. Specifically the One Way Master Slave (OWMS) and Mutually Connected (MC) network architectures for classical analogical PLLs are analyzed.
5

Procédé de dépôt de couches minces nanocomposites par décharge à barrière diélectrique : de l'aérosol d'une suspension colloïdale à la morphologie du dépôt / Nanocomposites thin films deposition process by Dielectric Barrier Discharge : from colloidal suspension aerosol to the coating morphology

Brunet, Paul 17 July 2017 (has links)
Le développement de procédé évoluant à la pression atmosphérique représente un enjeu majeur dans le dépôt de couches minces nanocomposites. Parmi ces procédés, les Décharges à Barrières Diélectriques présentent l'avantage d'être un procédé vert sans effluent gazeux, pouvant facilement être intégrées dans une chaine de production industrielle. L'approche choisie pour la réalisation de couches minces nanocomposites repose sur l'injection sous forme d'aérosol d'une suspension colloïdale dans la DBD. Les nanoparticules semi-conductrices de TiO2 sont choisies et mise en suspension dans un alcool polymérisable tel que l'isopropanol. L’objectif de ce travail est de contrôler le transport des nanoparticules et la croissance de la matrice dans la DBD en vue de réaliser une couche mince nanocomposite.Différentes méthodes de formation de l'aérosol et de filtration sont évaluées, ainsi que différents gaz vecteur (Ar, N2). Dans tous les cas considérés, la décharge est filamentaire.L'estimation des valeurs des différentes forces s'exerçant sur une nanoparticule dans une DBD confortée par un modèle numérique à permis d'orienter les expérimentations. Il est ainsi possible, à partir des paramètres permettant de générer le plasma, d'influencer le dépôt des nanoparticules et la croissance de la matrice. Les dépôts obtenus sont analysés ex situ par microscopie électronique à balayage, spectroscopie infrarouge, Raman et à rayon X et in situ avec la diffusion laser.Dans le régime filamentaire considéré, nous montrons que le flux de gaz et la fréquence de la tension joue des rôles prépondérants sur le dépôt des couches minces nanocomposites. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence qu’une simple fréquence n’est pas suffisante pour déposer la couche mince nanocomposite. Cependant l’utilisation d’une double fréquence semble être la meilleure approche pour séparer le transport des nanoparticules de celui de la croissance de la matrice. / Development of an atmospheric pressure process presents a major concern in the deposition of nanocomposites thin films. Among these processes, Dielectrics Barrier Discharges takes advantages to be green processes without gas effluent, which can be easily integrate in an industrial line production. The chosen approach for the nanocomposite thin film deposition is based on the injection of an aerosol of a colloidal suspension in the DBD. Semi-conductive TiO2 nanoparticles are chosen and put in suspension in a polymerizable alcohol as isopropanol. The objective of the present work is to control the transport of the nanoparticles as well as the matrix growth in the DBD in order to realize the nanocomposites thin film Different methods of the aerosol formation and filtration are evaluated, as well as the carrier gas (Ar, N2). In each case considered, the discharge works in filamentary. Estimating values of the different forces acting on the nanoparticles in a DBD comforted by a numerical model allowed to guide the experimentations. Thanks to the parameter which generated the plasma, it is possible to influence the nanoparticles deposition and the matrix growth. Depositions are ex situ analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Infra-red, Raman, and X-ray spectroscopy and in situ by laser scattering. In the filamentary regime considered, we show that the gas flow rate and the frequency of the voltage play a dominant role on the deposition of nanocomposites thin films. This study allowed to highlight that a simple frequency is not enough to deposit the nanocomposite thin film. However, the use of a double frequencies seems to be the best way to separate the nanoparticles transport to the surface from that of the matrix growth.
6

Investigating sensitivity improvement methods for quadrupolar nuclei in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

Colaux, Henri January 2016 (has links)
The study of quadrupolar nuclei using NMR spectroscopy in the solid state significantly increased in popularity from the end of the 20th century, with the introduction of specific methods to acquire spectra free from the effects of the quadrupolar interaction, that results in broadened lineshapes that cannot be completely removed by spinning the sample at the magic angle (MAS), unlike most of the other interactions present in the solid state. The first technique which allows, without any specific hardware, the removal of this broadening has been the Multiple-Quantum MQMAS experiment. The method quickly gained a popularity within the NMR community, with numerous successful applications published. However, the multiple-quantum filtration step in this experiment relies on severely limits sensitivity, restricting application to the most sensitive nuclei. Extending the applicability of MQMAS to less receptive nuclei requires the use of signal improvement techniques. There are multiple examples of such approaches in the literature, but most of these require additional optimisation that may be time-consuming, or simply impossible, on less receptive nuclei. This work introduces a novel signal improvement technique for MQMAS, called FAM-N. Its optimisation is solely based on density matrix simulations using SIMPSON, implying no additional experimental optimisation is required, while improving the signal in MQMAS spectra by equivalent or higher amounts than other common methods. In order to prove the applicability of this method on virtually any system, FAM-N has been investigated by simulation, and tested experimentally using a number of model samples, as well as samples known to be challenging to study by NMR. This work also explores other aspects of NMR spectroscopy on quadrupolar nuclei. Adiabatic inversion of the satellite populations can be performed to improve the central transition signal in static or MAS spectra. A range of methods has been tested and compared, with particular attention given to hyperbolic secant-shaped pulses, for which its performance have been described. Finally, cross-polarisation from a spin I = 1/2 nucleus to a quadrupolar nucleus has been investigated. After reviewing the theory for the static case, simulations have been performed under MAS in order to identify the conditions for efficient magnetisation transfer, with applications in spectral editing or for the combination with MQMAS.

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