Orientador: Maria Suely Kofes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:56:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tambascia_ChristianoKey_D.pdf: 58551011 bytes, checksum: f2f810ee0c423fae40f9579fab081eb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Mary Douglas realizou sua pesquisa de campo na região do Kasai, no Congo Belga, no final da década de 1940 e começo da década de 1950. Nos anos seguintes, dedicou-se à teoria africanista e logrou inserir-se na academia britânica de meados do século passado. A antropóloga já indicava, neste período, algumas das questões que desenvolveria posteriormente, a partir da publicação de seu livro mais conhecido, Pureza e Perigo, de 1966. Se a teoria produzida depois de sua fase africanista fez com que Douglas se tornasse célebre mesmo fora dos círculos antropológicos britânicos, pouco foi estudado acerca da maneira como a antropóloga utilizou seus dados etnográficos na constituição de suas formulações sobre a relação entre os rituais simbólicos de pertencimento e exclusão, e a constituição das relações sociais. Um estudo das regras e dos constrangimentos do campo africanista, bem como das redes de sociabilidade de seus grupos hegemônicos, permite que se possa articular a experiência de Mary Douglas em suas interlocuções teóricas, com a trajetória de sua carreira antropológica. As continuidades de sua obra, entre seu trabalho etnográfico e suas preocupações desenvolvidas a partir de Pureza e Perigo, bem como as escolhas e os caminhos percorridos, possibilitam analisar, sob uma outra luz, a construção de seus argumentos. / Abstract: Mary Douglas conducted her fieldwork research in the Kasai region, in the Belgian Congo, at the end of the 1940's and the beginning of the 1950's. In the following years, she devoted her work to africanist theory and managed to be a part of the British academic field of that period. Then, the anthropologist had already approached some of the matters she would later develop, with the publication of her most known book, Purity and Danger, of 1966. If the theory constructed after her africanist period made Douglas renowned even outside the British anthropological circles, very little was studied about the way the anthropologist made use of her ethnographic data in the construction of her analysis on the relationship between the symbolic rituals of belonging and exclusion, and the constitution of social relations. A study of the rules and constraints of the africanist field, as well as of the sociability networks of its hegemonic groups, allows the articulation of Mary Douglas's experience in her theoretic dialogues, with the trajectory of her anthropological career. The continuities of her work, between her ethnographic research and the concerns she developed after Purity and Danger, as well as the choices made and the paths traveled, allow to cast a different light upon the construction of her arguments. / Doutorado / Antropologia Social / Doutor em Antropologia Social

Ce mémoire se rapporte à la mobilisation des Shipibo-Conibo de la communauté de Canaan, en Amazonie péruvienne, contre la pollution occasionnée par la compagnie pétrolière Maple Corporation, au cours du mois de juillet 2005. À la faveur du développement du discours écologiste, sur la scène internationale, ils en vinrent à dénoncer publiquement l'effet pathogène du pétrole au village, alors que, jusqu'ici, l'expérience qu'ils faisaient du pétrole restait dans le domaine du privé. Ils décidèrent de prendre d'assaut les installations de la compagnie et, ce faisant, puisèrent dans la tradition rituelle des symboles susceptibles de favoriser la mise en scène de la victoire contre un ennemi qui n'est déjà plus la compagnie, mais le monde de la ville. Une piste de réflexion laissée par Mary Douglas dans De la souillure permettra de suivre cette transition du champ de la pollution au sens occidental à celui de la pollution rituelle.

Toni Morrison reinterprets and reconstitutes American history by placing the lives, stories and experiences of African Americans in a position of centrality, while relegating white American history and cultural traditions to the margins of her narratives. She rewrites American history from an alternative - African American woman's - perspective, and subverts the accepted racist and patriarchally inspired `truths' about life, love and women's experiences through her sympathetic depiction of murderous mother love and complex female relationships in Beloved. She writes about oppression, pain and suffering, and of the need for the acknowledgement and alleviation of the various forms of oppression that scar human existence. Morrison's engagement with healing in Beloved forms the central focus of this short dissertation. The novel is analysed in relation to Mary Douglas's `Two Bodies' theory, John Caputo's ideas on progressive Foucaultian hermeneutics and healing gestures, and Julia Martin's thoughts on alternative healing practices based on non-dualism and interconnectedness. Within this interdisciplinary context, Beloved is read as a `small start' to `creative engagement' with alternative healing practices (Martin, 1996:104). / English / M.A. (English)

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis presents an analysis of ‘township typography’ as a complex visual dialect generated by various economic and historical factors within the South African social landscape. A combination of specific tools, skills-sets and applications has produced a body of typographic letterforms that can be visually distinguished from standardised letterforms found in mainstream typography. Due to the origin of these letterforms, as well as their distinct appearance, ‘township typography’ has the capacity to evoke specific social, cultural or demographic structures in systems of communication. This study reveals that typographic features from ‘township typography’ are drawn into mainstream cultural production, particularly in the field of local advertising, as the result of a complex process of incorporation and institutional consecration. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bied ‘n analise van ‘township tipografie’ as ‘n komplekse visuele dialek wat gegenereer word deur verskeie ekonomiese en historiese faktore eie aan die Suid- Afrikaanse sosiale landskap. Die spesifieke kombinasie van gereedskap, vaardighede en aanwendings lei tot ‘n liggaam van lettertipes wat visueel onderskei kan word van die standaard wat in hoofstroom tipografie voorkom. Vanweë hierdie dialek se oorsprong, asook die kenmerkende voorkoms daarvan, het ‘township tipografie’ die vermoë om spesifieke sosiale, kulturele en demografiese strukture in kommunikasie op te roep. Hierdie studie toon hoe eienskappe eie aan ‘township tipografie’ weens ‘n komplekse proses van inkorporasie en institusionele inseëning in hoofstroom kulturele produksie opgeneem word, veral op die gebied van plaaslike advertensiewese.

Toni Morrison reinterprets and reconstitutes American history by placing the lives, stories and experiences of African Americans in a position of centrality, while relegating white American history and cultural traditions to the margins of her narratives. She rewrites American history from an alternative - African American woman's - perspective, and subverts the accepted racist and patriarchally inspired `truths' about life, love and women's experiences through her sympathetic depiction of murderous mother love and complex female relationships in Beloved. She writes about oppression, pain and suffering, and of the need for the acknowledgement and alleviation of the various forms of oppression that scar human existence. Morrison's engagement with healing in Beloved forms the central focus of this short dissertation. The novel is analysed in relation to Mary Douglas's `Two Bodies' theory, John Caputo's ideas on progressive Foucaultian hermeneutics and healing gestures, and Julia Martin's thoughts on alternative healing practices based on non-dualism and interconnectedness. Within this interdisciplinary context, Beloved is read as a `small start' to `creative engagement' with alternative healing practices (Martin, 1996:104). / English / M.A. (English)

This thesis focuses on the significance of blood and the perception of the body in both learned and popular culture in order to investigate problems of identity and social exclusion in early modern Europe. Starting from the view of blood as a liminal matter, manifesting fertile, positive aspects in conjunction with dangerous, negative ones, I show how it was believed to attract supernatural forces within the natural world. It could empower or pollute, restore health or waste corporeal and spiritual existence. While this theme has been studied in a medieval religious context and by anthropologists, its relevance during the early modern period has not been explored. I argue that, considering the impact of the Reformation on people’s mentalities, studying the way in which ideas regarding blood and the body changed from late medieval times to the eighteenth century can provide new insights about patterns of social and religious tensions, such as the witch-trials and persecutions. In this regard the thesis engages with anthropological theories, comparing the dialectic between blood and body with that between identity and society, demonstrating that they both spread from the conflict of life with death, leading to the social embodiment or to the rejection of an individual. A comparative approach is also employed to analyze blood symbolism in Protestant and Catholic countries, and to discuss how beliefs were influenced by both cultural similarities and religious differences. Combining historical sources, such as witches’ confessions, with appropriate examples from anthropology I also examine a corpus of popular ideas, which resisted to theological and learned notions or slowly merged with them. Blood had different meanings for different sections of society, embodying both the physical struggle for life and the spiritual value of the Christian soul. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 develop the dualism of the fluid in late medieval and early modern ritual murder accusations against Jews, European witchcraft and supernatural beliefs and in the medical and philosophical knowledge, while chapters 5 and 6 focus on blood themes in Protestant England and in Counter-Reformation Italy. Through the examination of blood in these contexts I hope to demonstrate that contrasting feelings, fears and beliefs related to dangerous or extraordinary individuals, such as Jews, witches, and Catholic saints, but also superhuman beings such as fairies, vampires and werewolves, were rooted in the perception of the body as an unstable substance, that was at the base of ethnic, religious and gender stereotypes.