Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2006. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D. in Chemical Engineering)--Vanderbilt University, Dec. 2006. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 218 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-218). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (M. Sc. (Pharmacy))--Rhodes University, 2006.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2006 / Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-199). Also available on the Internet.

Ph.D.

Consumers of topical formulations apply a wide spectrum of preparations, both cosmetic and dermatological, to their healthy or diseased skin. These formulations range in physicochemical nature from solid through semisolid to liquid. Pharmaceutical foams are pressurized dosage forms containing one or more active ingredients that, upon valve actuation, emit a fine dispersion of liquid and/or solid materials in a gaseous medium. Foam formulations are generally easier to apply, are less dense, and spread more easily than other topical dosage forms. Foams may be formulated in various ways to provide emollient or drying functions to the skin, depending on the formulation constituents. Therefore, this delivery technology should be a useful addition to the spectrum of formulations available for topical use; however, as yet, only a few are commercially available. Probably the most convincing argument for the use of foams is ease of use by the patient, and consumer acceptance. Most foam dosage forms used in dermatology to date have incorporated corticosteroids, although some products have also been used to deliver antiseptics, antifungal agents, anti-inflammatory agents, local anesthetic agents, skin emollients, and protectants. Although there is no clinical evidence that foam formulations are currently superior to other conventional delivery vehicles, these formulations have a clear application advantage and with continued developments in the science of supersaturation technology, it seems certain that foam delivery systems will retain their place in the dermatological and cosmetic armamentarium.

Ph.D. (Chemistry) / Alchornea species (Euphorbiaceae) have been used in traditional medicine across Africa and are well known to display broad spectrum biological activities including anti‐microbial, antiinflammatory and anti‐cancer activities. This project is aimed at discovering bioactive compounds for anti‐microbial and anti‐cancer therapy from plants of the Alchornea species and developing suitable nanocarrier drug delivery systems (DDS) as drug or compound transporters using gold nanoparticles and natural polymers. The plant material (roots, stems and leaves) was collected in bulk from an uncultivated farmland of the Elounden Mount, in the Yaoundé central region of Cameroon. The extracts were prepared using solvents of varying polarity in order to extract a wide range of phytochemicals. The extracts of A. cordifolia, A. floribunda and A. laxiflora as well as those isolated compounds that were sufficiently pure, were screened for antibacterial activity against four Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and S. saprophyticus) and four Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Moraxella catarrhalis and Proteus mirabilis), as well as antimycobacterial activity (Mycobacterium aurum and M. smegmatis). The anti‐cancer properties were similarly tested against SNO oesophageal cancer, breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7), and leukemia HL‐60 cell lines. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the micro‐dilution assay while the anticancer activity was evaluated by means of cell viability (MTT assay, Alamar blue, trypan blue and an ATP assays). The isolation of compounds and synthesis of derivatives were performed by exhaustive chromatographic techniques and suitable organic reactions. The structures of the compounds were determined by means of spectroscopic methods (FT‐IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR). Three compounds (AC3.1, AC2.4 and 3HB) were used to synthesize DDS and were characterized using UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, EDS, DLS and zeta potential.

This thesis reports the development of a novel drug delivery system consisting of hollow nanoparticles, formed from manganese dioxide (δ-MnO2) sheets, that are coated with polydopamine and folic acid to selectively target cancer cells. The biodegradability and colloidal stability of the uncoated hollow nanoparticles were investigated in comparison to solid MnO2 nanoparticles and graphene oxide sheets. The MnO2 hollow nanoparticles degraded at a faster rate and seem to have a higher surface area and better colloidal dispersion than solid MnO2 nanoparticles. Xanthan gum was proven to improve colloidal dispersion of these hollow nanoparticles and were used for further cell studies. In this study, cancer and healthy cells were treated with coated hollow nanoparticles, and results indicate that this novel hollow nanoparticle may preferentially target and kill cancer cells. Particle aggregation has shown to be toxic to cells. Further studies with this novel drug delivery system may lead to a groundbreaking solution to targeted cancer therapy. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men. The resistance of prostate cancer to chemotherapy has been linked to the ATP Binding Cassette (ABC)-Mediated Multidrug Resistance (MDR). This study investigated the combination of 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BPA) and the anti-inflammatory molecule SC-514 in reducing MDR in prostate cancer. The compounds were incorporated into a PLGA nanoparticles to increase delivery to target cells. To investigate the effectiveness of SC-514 and/3-BPA, cytoxicity assays including trypan blue dye exclusion, MTT tetrazolium reduction, NBT, LDH release poly caspase detection, cell titer glow assay, and ELISA were utilized. Both immunofluorescence and multidrug resistance efflux assays were utilized to estimate the number of drug resistant cells. SC-514 was encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles via single-emulsion method. SC-514 nanoparticles were analyzed utilizing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was used to measure the amount of SC- 514 released from the nanoparticle. Alternative SC-514 drug release quantification methods such as colony forming assay, wound healing assay, and transwell and migration assay were explored. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (PhD)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection