Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti narkomanijos kaip socialinės problemos valdymo galimybes. Uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti priklausomybės nuo narkotikų atsiradimo prielaidas ir aplinkybes, siekiant nustatyti pagrindines socialinės rizikos zonas. 2. Identifikuoti psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo sukeliamas problemas. 3. Nustatyti esmines prielaidas efektyviam narkomanijos kaip socialinio reiškinio valdymui. Tyrimo metodika: anketinė anoniminė Priklausomybės ligų centrų, žalos mažinimo programose dalyvaujančių pacientų apklausa (n = 114). Rezultatų statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant SPSS 17.0. Rezultatai: 78 proc. respondentų turi vidurinį išsilavinimą ir 74 proc. niekur nedirba. 53 proc. respondentų per mėnesį jie uždirba iki 1000 Lt. 42 proc. respondentų mėnesio pajamos yra nuo 1000 iki 2000 Lt. 12 proc. respondentų buvo atleisti iš darbo dėl narkotikų vartojimo. 34 proc. respondentų yra nevedę ir 28 proc. išsiskyrę. 76 proc. respondentų šeimų pajamos yra mažesnės nei 2000 Lt per mėn. Dauguma respondentų šeimų (86 proc.) žino apie narkotikų problemą ir 73 proc. šeimų padeda su ja kovoti. 80 proc. respondentų jaučia neigiamą narkotikų vartojimo poveikį šeimai. 47 proc. respondentų narkotikų pirmą kartą pabandė būdami iki 19 metų amžiaus, 44 proc. būdami 20-29 metų amžiaus. 30 proc. respondentų reguliariai vartoti pradėjo būdami iki 19 metų amžiaus, 54 proc. būdami nuo 20 iki 29 metų amžiaus. Vartojimo priežastys pasiskirstė sekančiai: 33 proc. pabandė dėl smalsumo, 17 proc. prikalbino... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study: Analysis of the management possibilities of drug addiction as social problem Objectives: 1. Research of drug addiction coming consumption and factors and to identify the main social risk areas. 2. To identify problems determined by use of psychoactive substances. 3. To ascertain the fundamental consumptions of management of drug addiction as social phenomenon. Methods: The anonym questionnaire research at the Dependency disease center among Harm reduction program participants (n=114). The statistical analysis of the results was carried out exploitive SPSS 17.0. Results: 78% of respondents have secondary education and 74% are unemployed. 53% of respondents salary is till 1000 Lt per month, 42% respondents salary is from 1000 till 2000 Lt. per month. 12% of respondents was dismissed from job because of use of drugs. 34% of respondents are single and 28% divorced. 76% of respondent’s family income is lower than 2000 Lt per month. Most families (86%) know about addiction problem and are helping (73%) to fight against addiction, therefore 80% of respondents fell negative addiction influence to families members. 47% of respondents first time used drugs when they was till 19 years old, 44% when was from 20 till 29 years old. 30% of respondents started regularly use drugs when they was till 19 years old, 54% when was from 20 till 29 years old. The reason of drug use distributed as follows: 33% tried because of curiosity, 17% friend persuade, 15% wanted forget... [to full text]

This study was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon of drug trafficking with specific reference as to how South African drug mules are used in crossborder drug smuggling. Through media analysis, semi-structured interviews with drug trafficking experts and a literature study the researcher was able to make findings and recommendations as per the objectives of the study. The objectives of the study included examining how drug mules smuggle drugs across South African borders; what role drug mules play in drug trafficking syndicates and the motivations and reasons why South Africans are increasingly being recruited as drug mules. The researcher also attempted to determine the nature and extent of the drug demand supply in and to South Africa. By making the deduction that drug demand and drug supply are interrelated the researcher was ultimately able to conclude that drug mules will continue to engage in drug smuggling as long as there is a demand for drugs and readily available drug supply routes to and from a county. From the media reports analysed cocaine, methamphetamine and heroin were the drugs most smuggled by South African drug mules. It is also clear from the media reports that cocaine and methamphetamine are smuggled in the largest quantities by South African drug mules. The quantities of heroin found in the possession of South African drug mules were insignificantly small. This contradicts treatment centre data analysed that indicated heroin and methamphetamine users were almost double in numbers in comparison to cocaine users being treated at centres. Most South African drug mules are used to smuggle drugs to the cocaine markets in Europe and South Africa; the cannabis/marijuana (herb) market in Europe; the cannabis (resin) hashish market in Canada and the United States of America; the crystal methamphetamine market in the Far East (largely Japan and Korea) and the heroin market in South Africa. Using criminology theories as a basis, the researcher attempted to describe why people are vulnerable to being recruited as drug mules. Findings concluded that structural factors such as poverty and unemployment and substance abuse-related problems, particularly in marginalised and disadvantaged communities, all contribute to South Africans becoming drug mules. Recommendations by the researcher focused on identifying specific vulnerabilities associated with drug mule recruiting and its consideration in legislation relating to drug trafficking in South Africa. The recommendations focus on the specific prosecution of drug abusers, drug mules, drug distributors and drug mule recruiters. Lastly it is projected by the researcher that the drug demand in South Africa will continue to increase if the drug supply routes and drug smuggling operations by syndicates are not addressed more firmly / Criminology / M.A. (Criminology)

This study was conducted in order to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon of drug trafficking with specific reference as to how South African drug mules are used in crossborder drug smuggling. Through media analysis, semi-structured interviews with drug trafficking experts and a literature study the researcher was able to make findings and recommendations as per the objectives of the study. The objectives of the study included examining how drug mules smuggle drugs across South African borders; what role drug mules play in drug trafficking syndicates and the motivations and reasons why South Africans are increasingly being recruited as drug mules. The researcher also attempted to determine the nature and extent of the drug demand supply in and to South Africa. By making the deduction that drug demand and drug supply are interrelated the researcher was ultimately able to conclude that drug mules will continue to engage in drug smuggling as long as there is a demand for drugs and readily available drug supply routes to and from a county. From the media reports analysed cocaine, methamphetamine and heroin were the drugs most smuggled by South African drug mules. It is also clear from the media reports that cocaine and methamphetamine are smuggled in the largest quantities by South African drug mules. The quantities of heroin found in the possession of South African drug mules were insignificantly small. This contradicts treatment centre data analysed that indicated heroin and methamphetamine users were almost double in numbers in comparison to cocaine users being treated at centres. Most South African drug mules are used to smuggle drugs to the cocaine markets in Europe and South Africa; the cannabis/marijuana (herb) market in Europe; the cannabis (resin) hashish market in Canada and the United States of America; the crystal methamphetamine market in the Far East (largely Japan and Korea) and the heroin market in South Africa. Using criminology theories as a basis, the researcher attempted to describe why people are vulnerable to being recruited as drug mules. Findings concluded that structural factors such as poverty and unemployment and substance abuse-related problems, particularly in marginalised and disadvantaged communities, all contribute to South Africans becoming drug mules. Recommendations by the researcher focused on identifying specific vulnerabilities associated with drug mule recruiting and its consideration in legislation relating to drug trafficking in South Africa. The recommendations focus on the specific prosecution of drug abusers, drug mules, drug distributors and drug mule recruiters. Lastly it is projected by the researcher that the drug demand in South Africa will continue to increase if the drug supply routes and drug smuggling operations by syndicates are not addressed more firmly / Criminology and Security Science / M. A. (Criminology)