Large quantities of biosolids are produced from treatment of municipal wastewater and can be processed into a nutrient and organic-rich soil amendment that has great value for agriculture. The drying process involves converting solids at approximately 25-30% solids content to a dry, stable biosolids pellet. The majority of the input material is recycled to the mixing step upstream of the dryer to achieve a more uniform particle size distribution. The objective of this work was to investigate use of polyelectrolyte amendments to promote uniformity in dried biosolids pellet size. Biosolids samples were collected at the New England Fertilizer Company (NEFCO) facility located in Quincy, MA, U.S. The biosolids samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements. Five polyelectrolytes, polyethyleneimine (PEI), polydiallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride (PDADMAC), polyallyamine (PAM), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were selected as candidate amendments for surface properties modification trials. The results indicated that three cationic polyelectrolytes, PDADMAC, PEI and PAM, reduced the (absolute value) zeta potentials of the biosolids surfaces to near zero. The optimal doses for reducing the zeta potentials were found to be 0.008 mg PEI/mg solids; 0.005 mg PAM/mg solids and 0.03 mg PDADMAC/mg solids, respectively. The anionic polyelectrolyte PAA and nonionic polymer PEO were found to be ineffective for modifying the zeta potential of the biosolids. The changes in particle size distributions of the biosolids using the three cationic polyelectrolytes were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Of the three cationic polyelectrolytes, only PDADMAC was found to increase the biosolids particle size from average size of 340 nm to 3600 nm with 240 min contact time. This indicates the potential for PDADMAC as an amendment for improving the biosolids drying process as it was able to decrease the number of fines and increase the “green” biosolids pellet size.

Orientador: Luiz Roberto Carrocci / Banca: Inacio Bianchi / Banca: Samuel Euzedice de Lucena / Banca: Carlos Yujiro Shigue / Banca: José Rui Camargo / Resumo: Neste trabalho de pesquisa foi realizadas uma análise do comportamento de grãos de arroz submetidos à passagem de fluxos de ar com variadas condições termodinâmicas (temperatura, umidade relativa / absoluta, entalpia). Esta análise foi feita utilizando-se um recipiente com capacidade para confinar 5 litros de grãos, sendo o ar forçado a escoar pela ação da sucção de uma bomba de vácuo, promovendo assim pressões relativas menores que a atmosférica no ar de secagem, proporcionando uma migração mais facilitada das moléculas de água. Como resultado deste experimento foi obtido um consumo de energia em torno de 30 % dos sistemas convencionais de secagem à lenha com tempos de processamento de 2 horas, menores que os convencionais que consomem até 6 horas. Também foi possível determinar a distância ótima de escoamento do ar de secagem pelos grãos, em torno de 16 cm, pela análise da distribuição de pressões e temperaturas medidas através do secador protótipo . Devido ao fato do processo de secagem ser extremamente dinâmico devido as variações das características do ar ambiente (temperatura, umidade, entalpia, massa específica, etc), dos grãos provenientes do campo (arroz, feijão, milho, etc) e do combustível (lenha, casca de arroz, gás natural, etc) a ser utilizado como fonte térmica, torna-se necessária a implementação de um sistema de controle capaz de promover um gerenciamento termodinâmico do processo, ou seja, monitorar as taxas de transferência de calor e água entre os grãos e o ar de secagem em tempo real, promovendo ajustes na temperatura e intensidade do fluxo de ar de secagem, assim como a velocidade de homogeneização dos grãos dentro do leito. / Abstract: In this research work an analysis of the behavior of grains of rice of the field was accomplished submitted to the passage of flows of air with several thermodynamic conditions (temperature, relative humidity / absolute, entalpia). This analysis was made being used a recipient with capacity to confine 5 liters of grains, being the forced air to drain like this for the action of the suction of a vacuum pump, promoting smaller relative pressures than the atmospheric in the drying air, promoting a facilitated migration of the molecules of water. As a result of this experiment was obtained a consumption of energy around 30% of the conventional firewood systems with times of processing of 2 hours, smaller that the conventional ones that consume 6 hours. It was also possible to determine the larger distance of drainage of the drying air for the grains around 16 cm, through the analysis of the distribution of pressures and temperatures measured through the volume. Due to the fact of the drying process to be extremely dynamic due to the variations of the characteristics of the environmental air (temperature, humidity, entalpia, specific mass, etc), grains coming of the field (rice, bean, corn, etc) and of the fuel (firewood, peel of rice, natural gas, etc) to be used as thermal source, it becomes necessary the implementation of a control system capable of promoting an thermodynamic management of the process, in other words, to follow the rates of transfer of heat and water between the grains and the drying air in real time, promoting adjustment in the temperature and intensity of the flow of drying air, as well as the speed to homogenize the grains inside of the bed. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 faria_ae_dr_guara.pdf: 1910627 bytes, checksum: 1395311975de9262c15d21eecfac70d0 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho de pesquisa foi realizadas uma análise do comportamento de grãos de arroz submetidos à passagem de fluxos de ar com variadas condições termodinâmicas (temperatura, umidade relativa / absoluta, entalpia). Esta análise foi feita utilizando-se um recipiente com capacidade para confinar 5 litros de grãos, sendo o ar forçado a escoar pela ação da sucção de uma bomba de vácuo, promovendo assim pressões relativas menores que a atmosférica no ar de secagem, proporcionando uma migração mais facilitada das moléculas de água. Como resultado deste experimento foi obtido um consumo de energia em torno de 30 % dos sistemas convencionais de secagem à lenha com tempos de processamento de 2 horas, menores que os convencionais que consomem até 6 horas. Também foi possível determinar a distância ótima de escoamento do ar de secagem pelos grãos, em torno de 16 cm, pela análise da distribuição de pressões e temperaturas medidas através do secador protótipo . Devido ao fato do processo de secagem ser extremamente dinâmico devido as variações das características do ar ambiente (temperatura, umidade, entalpia, massa específica, etc), dos grãos provenientes do campo (arroz, feijão, milho, etc) e do combustível (lenha, casca de arroz, gás natural, etc) a ser utilizado como fonte térmica, torna-se necessária a implementação de um sistema de controle capaz de promover um gerenciamento termodinâmico do processo, ou seja, monitorar as taxas de transferência de calor e água entre os grãos e o ar de secagem em tempo real, promovendo ajustes na temperatura e intensidade do fluxo de ar de secagem, assim como a velocidade de homogeneização dos grãos dentro do leito. / In this research work an analysis of the behavior of grains of rice of the field was accomplished submitted to the passage of flows of air with several thermodynamic conditions (temperature, relative humidity / absolute, entalpia). This analysis was made being used a recipient with capacity to confine 5 liters of grains, being the forced air to drain like this for the action of the suction of a vacuum pump, promoting smaller relative pressures than the atmospheric in the drying air, promoting a facilitated migration of the molecules of water. As a result of this experiment was obtained a consumption of energy around 30% of the conventional firewood systems with times of processing of 2 hours, smaller that the conventional ones that consume 6 hours. It was also possible to determine the larger distance of drainage of the drying air for the grains around 16 cm, through the analysis of the distribution of pressures and temperatures measured through the volume. Due to the fact of the drying process to be extremely dynamic due to the variations of the characteristics of the environmental air (temperature, humidity, entalpia, specific mass, etc), grains coming of the field (rice, bean, corn, etc) and of the fuel (firewood, peel of rice, natural gas, etc) to be used as thermal source, it becomes necessary the implementation of a control system capable of promoting an thermodynamic management of the process, in other words, to follow the rates of transfer of heat and water between the grains and the drying air in real time, promoting adjustment in the temperature and intensity of the flow of drying air, as well as the speed to homogenize the grains inside of the bed.

This study aims to validate and develop applications for a novel impedance-based process analytical technology for monitoring the attributes of the product during the entire freeze-drying process (from pre-freezing and annealing to primary and then secondary drying). This measurement approach involves the application of foil electrodes, mounted externally to a conventional glass freeze-drying vial, and coupled to a high-impedance analyser. The location of the electrodes on the outside, rather than the inside of the vial, leads to a description of the technology as a through-vial impedance spectroscopy (TV-IS) technique. The principle observation from this approach is the interfacial-polarization process arising from the composite impedance of the glass wall and product interface. For a conventional glass vial (of wall thickness ~ 1 mm and cross sectional diameter ~ 22 mm) it was shown that the process is manifest within the frequency range 101 to 106 Hz, as a single, broad band peak which spans 2-3 decades of the imaginary part spectrum. Features of the interfacial-relaxation process, characterised by the peak amplitude, C″Peak, and peak frequency, fpeak, of the imaginary capacitance spectra and the equivalent circuit elements that model the impedance spectra (i.e. the solution resistance (R) and solution capacitance (C) were monitored along with the product temperature data during the cycle(s), for a variety of surrogate formulations comprising lactose, sucrose, mannitol or maltodextrin solutions, during the freezing, re-heating, annealing and primary drying stages of freeze drying). It was shown that the parameters, fpeak and R, are strongly coupled to each other and change as a function of the temperature of the solution and its phase state, whereas C″Peak is strongly coupled to the amount of ice that remains during the drying process. Both log fpeak and log R have a linear dependence on the temperature of the solution, provided there was no phase change in the solution. The crystallization process (ice onset, solidification and equilibration to shelf temperature) is characterized well by both log fpeak and log R, whereas the parameter R demonstrates most clearly the formation of eutectic crystallization during freezing. In contrast it was the parameter C which was most sensitive to the detection of the glass transition during re-heating. During primary drying, it was shown that C″peak, is dependent on the amount of ice remaining and therefore provides a convenient assessment of the rate of drying and primary drying end point. The impedance changes during annealing provide a mechanistic basis for the modifications in ice structure which result directly in the observed decrease in primary drying times. The principal observation on annealing of a 10% w/v solution of maltodextrin, was the minimal changes in the glass transition (recorded at ~−16 °C) during the re-heating and cooling step (post-annealing). This result alone appears to indicate that a maximum freeze concentration was achieved during first freezing with no further ice being formed on annealing. The phenomenon of devitrification (and the production of more ice, and hence larger ice crystals) was therefore discounted as the mechanism by which annealing impacts the drying time. Having excluded devitrification from the mechanism of annealing enhanced drying, it was then possible to conclude that the decrease in the electrical resistance (that was observed during the annealing hold time) must necessarily result from the simplified structure of the unfrozen fraction and the improved connectivity of ice crystals that may be the consequence of Ostwald ripening. The application of through vial impedance measurement approach provides a non-invasive, real time monitoring of critical process parameters which subsequently leads to an improved understanding of the mechanisms and effects of different parameters, providing a reliable basis for process optimization, along with improved risk management to ensure optimum quality of the formulation and optimization of the freeze drying process.

Les travaux réalisés lors de cette thèse s’effectuent dans le cadre du projet FIXAPIN. Ce projet, financé par la région Nouvelle Aquitaine, est mené en collaboration avec différentes entreprises (Gascogne Bois, Bardage Bois Neoclin, Lesbats Scieries d’Aquitaine, Scierie Labadie et FPBOIS) spécialisées dans le domaine du sciage du bois de pin maritime et l'Institut technologique FCBA. L’objectif du projet est de limiter voire d’empêcher l’exsudation de la résine généralement observée sur la surface des planches de bois de pin maritime utilisées en extérieur comme bardage. L’exsudation de la résine est un frein important à l’utilisation de ce bois en extérieur et ces recherches s’inscrivent dans une démarche d’amélioration continue de la qualité des produits de la filière du pin maritime.Le bois de pin maritime peut présenter un taux de résine supérieur à 10 % de sa masse. La résine est constituée d’environ 70 % de colophane (fraction solide) et de 30 % d’essence de térébenthine (fraction liquide et volatile). À la suite d’essais préliminaires, les recherches réalisées lors de cette thèse se sont concentrées sur l’optimisation du cycle de séchage du bois afin de fixer la résine dans les planches. Les propriétés thermiques de la résine associée à des analyses physico-chimiques ont été étudiées afin de mettre en place des procédures de séchage optimisées ayant pour but d’augmenter la température de ramollissement de la résine à un seuil supérieur à la température maximum atteignable par un bardage extérieur.Les résultats ont permis de démontrer l’efficacité d’un séchage/traitement thermique du bois à haute température (> 120 °C) permettant d’envisager la poursuite de ces travaux aux échelles pilotes puis industrielles. De plus, des séchages longs à basse température (< 60 °C) peuvent également représenter une voie prometteuse concernant le séchage du bois en séchoir traditionnel. / The work realised in the context of this thesis is carried out within the FIXAPIN project. This project, funded by the Nouvelle Aquitaine council, is carried out in collaboration with several companies (Gascogne Bois, Bardage Bois Neoclin, Lesbats Scieries d'Aquitaine, Scierie Labadie and FPBOIS) specialized in the sawing of maritime pine wood and the FCBA Technological Institute.The aim of the project is to limit or even to prevent the exudation of the resin generally observed on the surface of maritime pine wood boards used outdoors as wood siding. The resin exudation is a major constraint to the external use of this wood and this research project is part of a continuous improvement process of the maritime pine products quality.Maritime pine wood can have a resin amount greater than 10% of its mass. The resin consists approximately of 70% rosin (solid fraction) and 30% turpentine (liquid and volatile fraction). Based on preliminary tests, the research carried out during this thesis focused on optimizing the wood drying process in order to fix the resin in the wood boards. The thermal properties of the resin associated with physico-chemical analyses were studied in order to implement optimized drying procedures to increase the resin softening temperature to a threshold higher than the maximum temperature attainable by an exterior siding.The results have demonstrated the effectiveness of drying / heat treatment of wood at high temperature (> 120 ° C) to allow the pursuit of this work at pilot than industrial scales. Furthermore, long drying at low temperatures (<60 ° C) may also be a promising approach regarding the wood drying process in traditional kilns.

O descarte do pseudocaule da bananeira após a retirada do fruto é uma prática constante que tem como objetivo evitar a propagação da Cosmopolites Sordidus (popularmente conhecido como broca), que é um inseto que se prolifera em regiões com abundância deste tipo de cultivo. O Brasil, terceiro maior produtor mundial de bananas, é responsável pelo descarte de milhões de toneladas por ano de pseudocaules. Dentre as várias possibilidades de utilização deste material de descarte, algumas comunidades como a da Região de Itariri, litoral sul de São Paulo, estão aproveitando o pseudocaule para a fabricação artesanal de papeis especiais. No entanto as limitações inerentes às comunidades carentes, a escassez de recursos energéticos e as restrições ambientais são obstáculos às possibilidades de crescimento de suas produções. O conhecimento dos processos utilizados pelas grandes indústrias de papel e celulose, associado ao estudo das condições específicas da fábrica artesanal de Itariri pode fornecer subsídios e alternativas aplicáveis aos processos artesanais. Um estudo dos processos de transferência de calor e massa para os casos aqui propostos fornece uma estimativa para o desempenho da produtividade da fábrica artesanal estudada, mais precisamente o desempenho da secagem, que é o ponto crítico (gargalo) do processo de fabricação artesanal. No processo atual, os fabricantes locais dependem das condições climáticas, principalmente da irradiação solar, para a secagem. Ao final do trabalho é proposto um processo alternativo de secagem do papel empregando os cálculos aqui desenvolvidos, que visa minimizar o consumo energético e a diminuição da dependência das condições climáticas. / The discharging of the banana tree´s pseudostalk after the withdrawal of the fruit is one practical mesure that has as the main objective of preventing the propagation of the Cosmopolites Sordidus (popularly known as broca, wich means drill), wich is an insect that proliferates in regions with abundance of this type of plantation. Brazil, third world-wide producer of bananas, is responsible for the discharging of millions of metric tons per year of pseudostalk. Among several possibilities for using the discharging material, some communities, as the one from Itariri´s area, São Paulo´s southern coast, are using the pseudostalk for special paper sheets. However the inherent limitations of the needy communities, as the local shortage of energy resources and restrictive environment rules are the main hurdles to the possibilities of local paper productions growth. The knowledge of processes used by the pulp and paper industries, associated with the study of specific conditions of the small artisan production of Itariri, can provide subsidies and results in alternatives to the artisan processes. A fundamental study of heat and mass transport for the cases considered here can provide an estimative of the performance of the productivity of the studied case. The work is focused on the papersheets drying process performance, which is the critical stage in the process of artisan manufacture. In the current process, the local manufacturers depend on the climatic conditions for the drying, mainly the solar irradiation. In the end of this work, an alternative process for the paper drying is proposed using the calculation procedure here developed, having the aim at reducing the energy consumption and eliminating the climatic conditions dependence.

<p>The wallpaper company Duro Sweden AB, one of the most important Scandinavian</p><p>wallpaper manufacturers, wants to decrease its energy use and costs and make its</p><p>production more environmentally friendly. It implies changes in the key process energy</p><p>use whom consists mainly by drying process using heat production from oil.</p><p>The purpose of this project, studied by the consulting company Sweco Theorells AB,</p><p>is to determine the feasibility of a change in the energy utilisation implemented to the</p><p>most representative process to propose future solutions’ basis on the future energy</p><p>question.</p><p>The company use mainly two kind of energy, electricity with 1055MWh per year and</p><p>oil with 1985MWh per year. The oil power consumption and cost represent respectively</p><p>65% and 73% of the global part.</p><p>Several proposed changes with better energy efficiency are presented : use of district</p><p>heating as a heat source, Infrared Drying, combination, etc; but due to the important</p><p>rebate make by the Swedish government on the oil price, they are not currently viable to</p><p>achieve.</p><p>But the constant rise of the oil price could be sooner a strong incentive to make these</p><p>improvals, strongly environmentaly friendly and power consumption reducer,</p><p>economicaly viable in the long term.</p>

The wallpaper company Duro Sweden AB, one of the most important Scandinavian wallpaper manufacturers, wants to decrease its energy use and costs and make its production more environmentally friendly. It implies changes in the key process energy use whom consists mainly by drying process using heat production from oil. The purpose of this project, studied by the consulting company Sweco Theorells AB, is to determine the feasibility of a change in the energy utilisation implemented to the most representative process to propose future solutions’ basis on the future energy question. The company use mainly two kind of energy, electricity with 1055MWh per year and oil with 1985MWh per year. The oil power consumption and cost represent respectively 65% and 73% of the global part. Several proposed changes with better energy efficiency are presented : use of district heating as a heat source, Infrared Drying, combination, etc; but due to the important rebate make by the Swedish government on the oil price, they are not currently viable to achieve. But the constant rise of the oil price could be sooner a strong incentive to make these improvals, strongly environmentaly friendly and power consumption reducer, economicaly viable in the long term.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has accepted the guidelines put forth by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH-Q8) that allow for operational flexibility within a validated design space. These Quality by Design initiatives have allowed drug manufacturers to incorporate more rigorous scientific controls into their production streams. <br>Fully automated control systems can incorporate information about a process back into the system to adjust process variables to consistently hit product quality targets (feedback control), or monitor variability in raw materials or intermediate products to adjust downstream manufacturing operations (feedforward control). These controls enable increased process understanding, continuous process and product improvement, assurance of product quality, and the possibility of real-time release. Control systems require significant planning and an initial investment, but the improved product quality and manufacturing efficiency provide ample incentive for the expense. <br>The fluid bed granulation and drying unit operation was an excellent case study for control systems implementation because it is a complex unit operation with dynamic powder movement, high energy input, solid-liquid-gas interactions, and difficulty with scale-up development. Traditionally, fluid bed control systems have either used first principle calculations to control the internal process environment or purely empirical methods that incorporate online process measurements with process models. This dissertation was predicated on the development of a novel hybrid control system that combines the two traditional approaches. <br>The hybrid controls reduced the number of input factors for the creation of efficient experimental designs, reduced the variability between batches, enabled control of the drying process for a sensitive active pharmaceutical ingredient, rendered preconditioned air systems unnecessary, and facilitated the collection of data for the development of process models and the rigorous calculation of design spaces. Significant variably in the inlet airstream was able to be mitigated using feedforward controls, while process analytical technology provided immediate feedback about the process for strict control of process inputs. Tolerance surfaces provided the ideal tool for determining design spaces that assured the reduction of manufacturing risk among all future batches, and the information gained using small scale experimentation was leveraged to provide efficient scale-up, making these control systems feasible for consistent use. / Mylan School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Pharmaceutics / PhD / Dissertation

O Brasil, sendo o centro de diversidade de pimentas do gênero Capsicum, muito contribui para dispersão destas espécies em todo mundo. No entanto, apesar de existirem mais de 20 espécies do gênero e da importância econômica da exploração agrícola, as potencialidades de muitas espécies ainda não foram exploradas e caracterizadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar quanto ao teor de compostos bioativoas e citotoxicidade em células de neuroblastoma humano genótipos de pimentas C. chinense e C. annum provenientes do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, e do herbário da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Avaliou-se a eficiência do uso do solvente etanol 96% na extração de compostos bioativos (carotenoides, capsaicinoides e ácido ascórbico) em pimentas Capsicum além de identificar as variedades promissoras para serem utilizadas em futuros programas de melhoramento em relação à presença de quantidades expressivas de fitoquímicos e sua atividade antioxidante. Também foi avaliado efeito do processo de secagem em diferentes temperaturas (50 oC, 70 oC, 80 oC) no teor de carotenoides e proposto um modelo matemático que melhor representasse o processo de secagem. Capsaicinoides, carotenoides e ácido ascórbico foram quantificados por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência - CLAE. A análise de atividade antioxidante foi realizada por meio do método de atividade antioxidante total - TRAP. Pode-se verificar que a concentração e a atividade dos compostos bioativos presentes em pimentas pode ser diretamente relacionado com as propriedades do solvente usado na extração. O etanol foi efetivo na extração de ácido ascórbico e capsaicinoides com destaque para extração de carotenóides. Dentre os cinco amostras analisadas, o acesso Guiana destacou-se em relação aos carotenoides e a citotoxicidade em células de neuroblastoma humano e o genótipo PCL-02 destacou-se com relação à atividade antioxidante, teor de compostos fenólicos e capsaicinoides. Obteve-se também, correlações positivas entre o conteúdo de capsaicinoides e atividade antioxidante (r = 0.87, p <0.05) e entre o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos e carotenoides (r = 0.76, p<0.05). O processo de secagem apresentou-se adequado e possível de ser modelado pelo modelo Dois Termos Exponencial. A secagem à 50 ºC possibilitou um aumento de carotenoides resultando em uma concentração total superior a encontrada na pimenta in natura. A secagem sob temperaturas mais elevadas (70 ºC e 80 ºC) mostrou-se prejudicial às propriedades bioativas em relação ao teor de carotenoides. / Brazil, being the center of Capsicum diversity, greatly contributes to spread of these species worldwide. However, although there are 20 species of the genus and despite the economic importance of farming, the potential of many species have not yet been explored and characterized. This work proposes the characterization the content of compounds bioativoas and cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells of genotypes of Capsicum peppers, C. chinense and C. annum, from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Eastern Amazon and the herbarium of the University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul to evaluate the efficiency of the use of 96% ethanol solvent in the extraction of bioactive compounds (carotenoids, capsaicinoids, and ascorbic acid) in Capsicum peppers. Additionally, work should be undertaken to identify promising varieties for use in future breeding programs to select for significant amounts of phytochemicals and high antioxidant activity as well as to evaluate the effect of the drying process at different temperatures (50 ºC, 70 ºC, 80 ºC) on carotenoid content and propose a mathematical model that best represents drying. Capsaicinoids, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activity analysis was performed using the method of total antioxidant activity (TRAP). It can be seen that the concentration and activity of bioactive compounds present in peppers can be directly related to the properties of the solvents. Ethanol was effective in the extraction of capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid and very effective in the extraction of carotenoids. Among the five genotypes, Guiana pepper stood out in terms of carotenoid contents and cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells and genotype PCL-02 pepper stood out in terms of antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and capsaicinoids. Positive correlations were obtained between the capsaicinoid content and antioxidant activity (r = 0.87, p < 0.05) and between the contents of phenolics and carotenoids (r = 0.76, p < 0.05). The drying process proved to be appropriate and can be modeled by a two-term exponential model. The drying process at 50 ºC increased the carotenoid content, resulting in a total concentration higher than that found in fresh pepper. However, drying at higher temperatures (70 ºC and 80 ºC) proved to be detrimental to the bioactive properties in terms of the carotenoid contents.