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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Mass-transfer correlations for the dual bed colloidal suspension reactor

Jaini, Rajiv 13 January 2014 (has links)
To meet the growing energy world demands, and in conjunction, lower CO2 production levels, near zero emission energy sources must be pushed to the forefront as alternatives to fossil fuels. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells are a potential alternative to fossil fuels and have recently generated much interest because of their potential to electrolyze water into hydrogen fuel from sunlight. But in order to be competitive with fossil fuels, understanding the mass-transfer limitations in PEC systems is critical. This work focuses on the addressing the mass-transfer limitations in a conceptually novel PEC cell reactor, the Dual Bed Colloidal Suspension Reactor (DBCSR). Mass-transfer correlations for the DBCSR are presented. The correlations are based on experimental data obtained using two fabricated diffusion cells. The working correlation representative of both cells is given. An analysis of the orientation of the gas sparger suggests that the transport phenomena in both cells is not the same, and therefore using two correlations to represent similar systems is justified. An energy analysis is presented that shows that gas sparging is a low energy consumption option to mitigate mass-transfer limitations. Future work is suggested for better understanding the mass-transfer behavior in the DBCSR.
2

Étude de la réduction catalytique sélective (SCR) des NOx par un mélange éthanol-ammoniac / Study of the NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) by an ethanol-ammonia mixture

Barreau, Mathias 24 October 2017 (has links)
La Réduction Catalytique Sélective des NOx par NH3 est un procédé efficace de dépollution des gaz. Cependant, pour une application sur véhicules Diesel, l'activité à basse température (175-250°C, phase de démarrage du véhicule) reste limitée. De plus, les catalyseurs de NH3-SCR sont sensibles au rapport NO2/NOx, avec un optimum pour NO2/NOx = 0,5. Or, à basse température, la proportion de NO2 est faible car le catalyseur d’oxydation (DOC) placé en amont est également peu actif. L'éthanol (EtOH) est un autre réducteur possible, principalement avec des catalyseurs Ag/Al2O3. Ce système présente également d'une activité limitée à basse température, bien que l'oxydation de EtOH s'accompagne de la formation de NO2. Dans ces travaux, l'association de EtOH et NH3 pour la SCR de NO sur catalyseur Ag/Al2O3 a été étudié. Un effet de synergie a été obtenu, avec un gain important d'activité à basse température. Ce gain ne provient pas directement d'une réaction entre NH3 et EtOH ou ses sous-produits d'oxydation (CH3CHO, CO…), ni uniquement grâce à la réaction entre NO2 (formé par réaction de NO avec EtOH) et NH3. La caractérisation des espèces adsorbées par IRTF et des tests de (H2+NH3)-SCR ont permis de conclure que les espèces H*, provenant de la déshydrogénation de l'éthanol, réagissent avec les NOx pour conduire à des espèces HNOx très réactives avec NH3.Finalement, la mise en œuvre d'un double-lit (2%Ag/Al2O3 + catalyseur de NH3-SCR), afin d'utiliser NH3, NO et NO2 restants, a permis d'obtenir une conversion NOx comprise entre 46 et 95% entre 175 et 250°C. Ce système permet donc une conversion des NOx élevée à basse température en s'affranchissant du NO2 procuré par le DOC. / The NOx Selective Catalytic Reduction is an efficient process for exhaust gas treatment. However, for Diesel vehicles, the activity at low temperature (175-250°C, starting phase of vehicles) remains limited. In addition, the NH3-SCR catalysts are sensitive to the NO2/NOx ratio, with an optimum for NO2/NOx = 0.5. Unfortunately, at low temperature, the proportion of NO2 is low because the oxidation catalyst (DOC) placed upstream is also weakly efficient.Ethanol (EtOH) is another possible reductant, mainly associated with Ag/Al2O3 catalysts. This system also has a limited activity at low temperature, although the oxidation of EtOH is accompanied by NO2 formation. In this work, the association of EtOH and NH3 for the SCR of NO on a Ag/Al2O3 catalyst was studied. A synergistic effect was obtained, with a high gain of conversion at low temperature. This gain neither results from a reaction between NH3 and EtOH or its oxidation by-products (CH3CHO, CO…), nor only by the reaction between NO2 (formed by reaction of NO with EtOH) and NH3. Characterization of adsorbed species by FTIR and (H2+NH3)-SCR experiments led to the conclusion that H* species, resulting from ethanol dehydrogenation, react with NOx to yield HNOx species highly reactive with NH3.Finally, in order to use the remaining NH3, NO and NO2, the use of a dual bed (2%Ag/Al2O3 + NH3-SCR catalyst) allowed a NOx conversion between 46 and 95% from 175 to 250°C. This system consequently allows a high NOx conversion at low temperature, avoiding the NO2 lack at low temperature (low DOC activity).

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