Thesis--St. Petersburg. / Documents quoted in Low German, modern German, and Russian, in parallel columns.

Issued also as thesis, Göttingen. / "Remarque Historique servant à mieux establir la prétension de l'expectative de la Serenissime maison de Bronsvic Lunebourg sur le pays de Saxe Lauenbourg:" Staatsarchiv Hannover, Celle Br. 104b, 13, Nr. 110. (Handschrift by Leibniz): p. 173-177. Bibliography: p. 181-184.

Thèse--Nancy. / At head of title: Université de Nancy. Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. [9]-12.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Erlangen.

Thèse--Nancy. / At head of title: Université de Nancy. Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques. Bibliography: p. [9]-12. Also issued in print.

Inaug.-Diss.--Freiburg i.B., 1911. / Vita. "Benutzte Quellen und Literaturnachweis": p. [vii]-viii.

Lietuva visais laikais garsėjo savo miškais. Nepražengiamos girios stebindavo į mūsų kraštą negausiai užklydusius svetimšalius. Savo prisiminimuose apie Lietuvos Didžiąją Kunigaikštystę jie sutartinai akcentuodavo stulbinamą girių didumą bei žvėrių įvairovę. Iš visų miško teikiamų dovanų žmogui galėtume išskirti medžius. Mediena buvo nepamainomas šilumos šaltinis, pagrindinė statybinė medžiaga. XVI amžiuje, Vakarų Europoje smarkiai išaugus medienos gaminių poreikiui, miškas, jo gaminiai Lietuvoje po truputį tapo viena iš pagrindinių eksporto prekių. / Lithuania has always been famous for own forests. Rarely foreigners who for some reason had a possibility to see our nature were surprised by its heavy forests. In the memories of Grand Ducky of Lithuania they were always highlighting the shocking immensity of the forests and the big variety of animals. Out of all the gifts offered by the forest we should distinguish the trees. The wood was invaluable source of heat as well as the main building material. In the sixteenth century in Western Europe the demand for wood products increased which led to increase of Lithuania‘s wood export. Wood became the main export product.

Early modern Lutherans, as is well known, worshipped in decorated churches. They adopted a path of reform that neither disposed of all ornament nor retained all the material trappings of the Catholic church. This thesis studies the fortunes of ecclesiastical art in the Duchy of Württemberg after its Reformation in 1534 and the place images found for themselves in the devotional lives of Lutherans up to c. 1700. The territory was shaped not just by Lutheranism, but initially by Zwinglianism too. The early years of reform thus saw moments of iconoclasm. The Zwinglian influence was responsible for a simple liturgy that distinguished Württemberg Lutheranism from its confessional allies in the north. This study considers the variety of uses to which Lutheran art was put in this context. It addresses the different ways in which Lutherans used the visual setting of the church to define their relationships with their God, their church, and each other. The Dukes of Württemberg used their stance on images to communicate their political and confessional allegiances; pastors used images to define the parameters of worship and of the church space itself; parishioners used images, funerary monuments, and church adornment to express their Lutheran identity and establish their position within social hierarchies. As Lutheranism developed in the seventeenth century, so too did Lutheran art, becoming more suited to fostering contemplative devotion. While diverse in their aims, many Lutherans appreciated the importance of regular investment in the visual. Ducal pronouncements, archives held centrally and locally, surviving artefacts and decoration in churches, and printed sources enable the distinctive visual character of Lutheranism in Württemberg to be identified here.

Issued also as thesis, Göttingen. / Bibliography: p. 196-202.

No description available.