<p>  Sound transmission loss of vehicle seals was studied in this thesis. Reverberation room test and semi-anechoic chamber test were respectively studied. By comparing the sound pressure level, sound intensity level and average sound power level at the receiving side, it proved that a simple sound pressure level test may obtain same measurement accuracy when there is little reflected sound. A semi-anechoic chamber was designed for testing sound transmission losses of the seals on a trial vehicle. By comparing the sound pressure levels between the location of the passenger ear and door area, it proved that most of outside sound energy passed through the door seals into the interior. The sound transmission losses of different sealing conditions were measured which included well sealed and imperfectly sealed conditions; Sound pressure levels at passenger’s ear in three different types of vehicles were also compared, these comparison results indicated this laboratory was capable of distinguishing different sealing conditions. The installation procedure was compared with the one in reverberation room test. Numerical analysis showed that the latter method produced a different compression shape which would definitely influence the sound insulation abilities of the seals.</p><p>  The transmission mechanism of the acoustic waves through a vehicle seal was also discussed. Contact analysis showed high compression ratio leaded to tremendous inner stress intensity. But any further increase of the contact depth would not improve the effect of wind noise prevention. A vehicle seal with a complex shape was replaced by a simple model. The sound transmission theory of multiple partitions on the basis of mass law was applied. Whereas, compared with the experimental result, a different trend in the high frequency range was found. When taking the transmission though the side material and integration of incident angle into account, the result was quite similar to the experimental one. FEM analysis was also performed. The majority of sound power was believed to transmit along the seal wall into the interior instead of passing through the multiple partitions. A distorted circular duct model is believed to be close to the real geometry.</p><p> </p>

Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro / This work is dedicated to the study of the problem of active noise control, evaluating some numerical and experimental methodologies. The analysis is restricted to the case of noises in ducts, in which the acoustic propagation phenomena are modeled. Four approaches for this type of models are presented. The first one is formulated by using the basic equations of the acoustics. This procedure generates an infinite dimension model of the duct. In the second approach, the infinite model is truncated by using Taylor s series. The third approach performs a modal expansion using the poles of the infinite dimension model, and, in the fourth, it is also considered a modal expansion, but in this case, by taking into account zeros and poles of the infinite dimension model. The four models studied are discussed and compared in the present contribution. A second part of this work is concerned with active noise control techniques. Monochannel (which uses only a loud speaker and a microphone) and multi-channel (which uses several loud speakers and microphones) controllers are studied. The studied active noise controllers use LMS adaptive algorithms. The noise signals are filtered using X-LMS techniques. These types of controller are usually simple and robust. The coefficients of the controller (modeled as a digital filter) are determined by using an online adaptive procedure looking for minimizing the noise levels. The control methodologies are tested numerically by using the mathematical model of the acoustic duct proposed. With the aim of validating experimentally these controllers a test rig instrumented with loud speakers and microphones was built, and the algorithms were implemented using a personal computer. At the remaining, the numerical and experimental results are discussed and some suggestions are presented in order to continue future works. / Este trabalho formula e discorre sobre o problema de controle ativo de ruído e avalia algumas metodologias de controle tanto numérica como experimentalmente. A análise é restrita ao caso de ruídos em dutos, onde o fenômeno da propagação acústico é analiticamente modelado. Apresentam-se quatro abordagens para tal modelagem. A primeira, formulada a partir das equações fundamentais da acústica, gera um modelo de dimensão infinita para o duto. A segunda aproxima o modelo infinito por uma série truncada de Taylor. A terceira formulação realiza uma expansão modal, a partir dos pólos do modelo de dimensão infinita e a quarta, também realiza uma expansão modal, mas considera tanto os pólos como os zeros do modelo infinito dimensional. No trabalho são discutidos e comparados os quatro modelos numéricos propostos. Numa segunda parte este trabalho discorre-se sobre diversas técnicas de controle ativo de ruído em dutos. São estudados controladores do tipo mono canal, que utilizam um sensor e um atuador apenas e controladores do tipo multicanal, com vários sensores e atuadores. Todos os controladores ativos de ruído (CAR) estudados utilizam algoritmos adaptativos do tipo LMS (Least Mean Square) e técnicas de filtragem-X LMS. Este tipo de controlador tem como características marcantes à simplicidade e a robustez. Os coeficientes do controlador, modelado como um filtro digital, são adaptados on-line segundo uma estratégia que busca minimizar os ruídos não desejados. Estas metodologias de controle são testadas numericamente a partir do modelo matemático proposto para o duto acústico. Para avaliar também experimentalmente tais controladores, montou-se uma bancada de testes constituída por um duto de PVC instrumentada com alto falantes e microfones sendo os algoritmos de controle implementados em um microcomputador pessoal devidamente configurado. O trabalho encerra discutindo os resultados numéricos e experimentais obtidos e sugerindo desdobramentos a serem investigados no futuro. / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Sound transmission loss of vehicle seals was studied in this thesis. Reverberation room test and semi-anechoic chamber test were respectively studied. By comparing the sound pressure level, sound intensity level and average sound power level at the receiving side, it proved that a simple sound pressure level test may obtain same measurement accuracy when there is little reflected sound. A semi-anechoic chamber was designed for testing sound transmission losses of the seals on a trial vehicle. By comparing the sound pressure levels between the location of the passenger ear and door area, it proved that most of outside sound energy passed through the door seals into the interior. The sound transmission losses of different sealing conditions were measured which included well sealed and imperfectly sealed conditions; Sound pressure levels at passenger’s ear in three different types of vehicles were also compared, these comparison results indicated this laboratory was capable of distinguishing different sealing conditions. The installation procedure was compared with the one in reverberation room test. Numerical analysis showed that the latter method produced a different compression shape which would definitely influence the sound insulation abilities of the seals.   The transmission mechanism of the acoustic waves through a vehicle seal was also discussed. Contact analysis showed high compression ratio leaded to tremendous inner stress intensity. But any further increase of the contact depth would not improve the effect of wind noise prevention. A vehicle seal with a complex shape was replaced by a simple model. The sound transmission theory of multiple partitions on the basis of mass law was applied. Whereas, compared with the experimental result, a different trend in the high frequency range was found. When taking the transmission though the side material and integration of incident angle into account, the result was quite similar to the experimental one. FEM analysis was also performed. The majority of sound power was believed to transmit along the seal wall into the interior instead of passing through the multiple partitions. A distorted circular duct model is believed to be close to the real geometry. / QC 20101117