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Orientadores: Antonio Jose Ramirez, Rubens Caram Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T13:06:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TorresLopez_EdwarAndres_M.pdf: 39783627 bytes, checksum: 03310e12f2969671a1edcad6da907e3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Foi desenvolvido um experimento para estudo in-situ dos processos de deformação a alta temperatura no interior do microscópio eletrônico de varredura, permitindo assim o estudo do fenômeno de trincamento a alta temperatura, denominado fratura por queda de ductilidade. Este experimento teve como finalidade o estudo específico das ligas de níquel AWS A5.14 ERNiCrFe-7 e ERNiCr-3AWS empregadas como metal de aporte para a soldagem de ligas de Ni. Instrumentação cientifica dedicada foi desenvolvida e modificada de modo a superar os desafios impostos pelas condições experimentais adversas associadas as elevadas temperaturas necessárias, à compatibilização do experimento com o nível de vácuo necessário na câmera do microscópio e finalmente, à estabilidade mecânica necessária para o acompanhamento do processo de deformação em escala micrométrica juntamente com os processos de aquecimento e de aplicação de forças elevadas. Utilizando esta instrumentação foram definidas as condições e procedimentos adequados para o acompanhamento do processo de deformação das ligas de Ni AWS A5.14 ERNiCrFe-7 e ERNiCr-3 em temperaturas entre 700 e 1000 °C, de forma a estudar as condições de inicio da fratura por queda de ductilidade nestes materiais. Porém, a instrumentação desenvolvida permite não apenas estudar o fenômeno de fratura por queda de ductilidade e avaliar o desempenho de ligas experimentais, mas também o estudo tanto qualitativo como quantitativo de diversos outros fenômenos de fratura e transformação de fase / Abstract: An in-situ high temperature deformation experiment was developed and adapted be performed within the vacuum chamber of a scanning electron microscope in order to study the high temperature cracking phenomenon known as ductility-dip cracking. This experiment was specifically applied to the study of Ni-base alloys AWS A5.14 ERNiCrFe-7 e ERNiCr-3, which are commonly used as filler metal to weld Ni- and Fe- based alloys. Dedicated scientific instrumentation was developed and modified to overcome the challenges imposed by the severe experimental conditions as elevated temperatures and forces, the compatibleness with the microscope vacuum chamber, and the required mechanical stability to track deformation processes at the micro scale. Using this instrumentation were defined and optimized the conditions to study the deformation of Ni-base alloys AWS A5.14 ERNiCrFe-7 e ERNiCr-3 alloys between 700 and 1000 °C and therefore, helps to elucidate the causes of ductility-dip cracking phenomenon . However, the developed instrumentation is a powerful tool to perform several other qualitative and quantitative studies of deformation, cracking phenomena and phase transformations in different materials / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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Alloy 617 displays a ductility dip during straining at exactly 1000˚C, leading to brittle fracture. A sudden decrease in ductility appearing during Gleeble hot ductility tests of Ni-based superalloys is a well-known phenomenon, while its cause is unknown. Many mechanisms have been established as possible contributors to the issue, and in later years not one, but the simultaneous presence of several of these mechanisms were confirmed as the cause. The ductility dip leads to solid state cracking and a specific solid state cracking phenomenon known as ductility dip cracking is specifically common in Ni-based superalloys. Ductility dip cracking is identified by intergranular cracks and the occurrence of specific precipitates, among other things. This work investigates the possibility that the decreased ductility is due to ductility dip cracking. Furthermore, other possible explanations are investigated. Visual examination was conducted through LOM, SEM and chemical analysis using EDS technique. Combined with thermodynamic calculations, the existence of Cr-rich M23C6 carbides, Ti(N,C) and Mo-rich particles, most likely M3B2, were confirmed. Further, it is established that the ductility dip is related to the lack of dynamic recrystallization at 1000˚C. It is not confirmed that the ductility dip in alloy 617 is due to ductility dip cracking. / Nickelbaslegeringen 617 uppvisar en minskning i duktilitet under Gleeble-dragprovning vid exakt 1000˚C vilket leder till sprött brott. En plötslig sänkning av duktiliteten vid varmdragning av Ni-baserade superlegeringar är ett välkänt fenomen, dock är orsaken inte fastställd. Många mekanismer har bekräftats som bidrag till problemet och under de senaste åren har den simultana närvaron av fler av dessa mekanismer bekräftats som orsaken. Sänkningen i duktilitet leder till sprickbildning i fast fas och en specifik typ av sprickbildning känd som ”ductility dip cracking” är speciellt förekommande i Ni-bas legeringar. Denna identifieras bland annat genom intergranulära sprickor och närvaron av specifika utskiljningar. Detta arbete undersöker möjligheten att duktilitetssänkningen beror på  ”ductility dip cracking”. Dessutom undersöks fler tänkbara förklaringar. Visuell granskning genomfördes via LOM och SEM och analys av sammansättningar via EDS-analys. I kombination med termodynamiska simuleringar blev förekomsten av Cr-rika M23C6 karbider, Ti(N,C) och Mo-rika partiklar, troligtvis M3B2, bekräftad. Fortsatt är det bekräftat att duktilitetssänkningen är relaterat till avsaknaden av rekristallisation vid 1000˚C. Det är inte bekräftat i detta arbete att duktilitetssänkningen i legering 617 beror av ”ductility dip cracking”.