Thesis (M.A.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2009. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

This thesis aims on the issue of duress as ground for excluding criminal responsibility in international criminal law. Duress arises from a situation when a perpetrator is forced under a threat of immediate death or bodily harm to commit a crime under international law. This thesis shortly explores duress in national legal systems, especially the differences between the duress in common law and in civil law jurisdiction. It further considers the use of duress as an argument of defence in history of international criminal law and focuses on two key judicial decisions in this area - the Einsatzgruppen case decided by the American military tribunal after the Second World War and Erdemović case decided by the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia. This thesis discusses with complexity the individual characteristics and conditions of duress. These characteristics and conditions are as follows: i) conduct alleged to constitute a crime under international law, ii) threat of imminent death or of serious bodily harm, iii) necessary acts to avoid threat (subsidiarity) iv) reasonable acts to avoid threat (proportionality), v) the situation leading to duress must not have been voluntarily brought about by the person coerced and vi) person coerced did not have a duty to bear this threat. Duress...

Köln, University, Diss., 2006.

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-63).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Philosophy, August, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Grounds for Excluding Criminal Responsibility in International Criminal Law This thesis aims on currently two most discussed grounds for excluding criminal responsibility (defenses) in international criminal law: defense of duress and defense of superior order. First of them emerges from a situation in which a perpetrator is forced by threat to commit a crime under international law. The second one addresses a question whether a person should be re- sponsible for a crime committed pursuant to an order of a Government or of a superior. Regarding the structure of the army, it is not surprising that there these two defenses occur together in many cases and that they arise from the very same situation. However, they should not be mistaken one for another. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the most significant case law on the topic and to research what was the background for the formulation of the articles on defense of duress and superior order in the Rome Statute of ICC. The paper also examines the deficiencies of the regulation of duress and superior order in the Rome Statute and their possible improvement. The thesis is composed of 5 chapters. The first chapter is introductory and describes used meth- odology of the paper and its structure. Chapter number two deals with grounds for excluding...

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-63).

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis analyses the doctrine of duress and its application in the law of contract and unjustified enrichment in South Africa. Following an initial examination of the historical development of the doctrine from its roots in Roman and Roman-Dutch law, the study focuses on the current legal position in the two areas of law under review, identifies the substantive and formal deficiencies in the current approach, and suggests, using comparative authorities, how the law might be developed. As far as the law of contract is concerned, after exposing the difficulties inherent in the current approach, and placing the doctrine in its proper context in the South African law of contract generally, it is argued that the duress doctrine finds its juridical basis in the principle of good faith. A more modern and coherent test for duress is then proposed: one that concentrates on the question whether an illegitimate threat was made, which induced a contract in that it left the other person no reasonable choice but to succumb to the proposal. Additionally, the need for South African contract law to recognise and deal with cases of economic duress is emphasised. The study then shifts to an examination of the position in situations where non-contractual performances have occurred under duress: cases that are decided in terms of the principles of the law of unjustified enrichment. The current position is reviewed, and it is shown that the approach to duress cases is substantially different to the approach that applies in contract. An attempt is made to reconcile this problem. From a structural perspective, the nature and application of the relevant enrichment action where a non-contractual performance is made under duress (the condictio indebiti) is also investigated, in the light of approaches to enrichment adopted in both Germany and England, in an attempt to make better sense of this enrichment action in the South African context. The study closes with an analysis of the various contractual, delictual and enrichment remedies that are available once a case of duress has been proved.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-29T11:33:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Amin Abrahão Nacle.pdf: 1338923 bytes, checksum: 539f8e425475b51f5f9919cd95b697b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T11:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Amin Abrahão Nacle.pdf: 1338923 bytes, checksum: 539f8e425475b51f5f9919cd95b697b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-08 / Among the relevant innovations brought by Brazil's 2015 Code of Civil Procedure, the power of enforcement granted to judges with regard to executing obligations to pay is noteworthy. This novelty, which part of the doctrine already understood as applicable even before the repealed code was in force, defines with the powers and duties of the judge to determine atypical measures of enforcement for granting judicial relief to a pecuniary performance. However, the lack of definition of the concept with which the Code worked by giving the technique of atypicality to judges undoubtedly generates a series of questions and fears about possible judicial authoritarianism and violations of the dignity of the debtor. This study will focus on demonstrating that the procedural technique of enforcement acts is fully possible in the obligations to pay and in tune with the fundamental duty to effective judicial protection for the creditor, including by imposing restrictions on the rights of the debtor. It will also demonstrate the unavoidable necessity of the magistrate, when using such procedural techniques, to always do so in accordance with the criteria exhorted by the principle of proportionality / Entre as novidades relevantes trazidas pelo Código de Processo Civil de 2015 destaca-se o poder de efetivação conferido ao magistrado no que toca às execuções de obrigação de pagar. Por força dessa novidade, que parte da doutrina já entendia aplicável antes mesmo na vigência do código revogado, cometeu-se ao juiz poderes-deveres para determinar medidas atípicas de coerção para concessão da tutela executiva prestação pecuniária. Todavia, a indeterminação de conceito com a qual trabalhou o código ao conferir a técnica da atipicidade aos juízes gera, sem dúvida, uma série de questionamentos e receios sobre possíveis autoritarismos judiciais e violações da dignidade do devedor. O presente trabalho se dedicará à demonstração de que a técnica processual dos atos de coerção é plenamente possível nas obrigações de pagar e afinada com o dever fundamental a uma tutela jurisdicional efetiva para o credor, inclusive mediante a imposição de restrições aos direitos do devedor. Será demonstrado, também, a necessidade inafastável de o magistrado, quando se valer de tais técnicas processuais, fazê-lo sempre em atenção aos critérios exortados pelo princípio da proporcionalidade