A ágata do sul do Brasil apresenta colorações pouco interessantes ou salientes, sendo predominante os tons acinzentados. Tais qualidades foram fatores determinantes para o início do processo de tingimento de ágata do Rio Grande do Sul, no século XVIII. Atualmente, o segmento mineral, apresenta carências relacionadas a tecnologias e processos de produção, além de infraestruturas inadequadas, resultando em prejuízo para as comunidades produtoras. Nesse cenário, a pesquisa se estrutura para avaliar técnicas operacionais viáveis para o setor, objetivando a melhoria do valor agregado às gemas beneficiadas e qualidade na cor. Para o desenvolvimento do tratamento de ágatas, o sistema foi replicado, padronizado e otimizado no Laboratório LAPROM da UFRGS e Centro Tecnológico de Pedras, Gemas e Joias do Rio Grande do Sul. A amostragem foi classificada em quatro padrões e analisada em espectrofotômetro em três etapas distintas. Ao término, se tem a comparação dos resultados do tingimento otimizado e o industrial, com as curvas de distribuição espectral medidas antes e após o tratamento termoquímico da ágata. Com o sistema otimizado, foi possível reduzir custos operacionais, tempo de energia envolvida no sistema, além de manter e elevar a qualidade da cor, sendo possível estabelecer relação com aspectos quanti e qualitativos dos reagentes utilizados. / The agate of the south of Brazil presents not much interesting or salient colorations, being predominant the grayish tones. These qualities were determining factors for the beginning of the agate dyeing process in Rio Grande do Sul, in the 18th century. Currently, the mineral segment presents deficiencies related to technologies and production processes, as well as inadequate infrastructures, resulting in loss to the producing communities. In this scenario, the research is structured to evaluate viable operational techniques for the sector, aiming to improve the value added to the gems benefited and color quality. For the development of the agate treatment, the system was replicated, standardized and optimized in the LAPROM Laboratory of the UFRGS and Centro Tecnológico de Pedras, Gemas e Joias do Rio Grande do Sul. The sampling was classified in four standards and spectrophotometer analyzed in three different phases. In conclusion, is compared the optimized and industrialized dyeing results, with the spectral distribution curves measured before and after the thermochemical treatment of the agate. With the optimized system, it was possible to reduce operating costs, energy time involved in the system, as well as keep and elevate color quality and being possible to establish relationship with quantitative and qualitative aspects of the reagents used.

Thesis. 1978. Sc.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / Sc.D.

by Yung-Ho Chow. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-173). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.iv / ABBREVIATION --- p.vi / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Azo dyes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Chemistry of azo dyes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Synthesis of azo dyes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Oxidation and reduction --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Dyeing --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Staining to biological materials --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Toxicity of azo dyes --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Toxicity to mammals --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Toxicity to microorganisms --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Degradation of azo dyes --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Degradation of azo dyes by mammalian system --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Degradation of azo dyes by fungi system --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Degradation of azo dyes by bacteria --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.3.1 --- Requirement of cofactors --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.3.2 --- Effect of oxygen --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.3.3 --- Effect of cell permeability --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.3.4 --- Redox potential and rate of dye degradation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.3.5 --- Rate of dye degradation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Azo-reductase --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Microsomal azo-reductase --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- Bacterial azo-reductase --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5 --- Immobilization of microorganisms --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Gel matrix for entrapment --- p.20 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Effect of gel entrapment to microbial cells --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5.2.1 --- Reduced diffusion of substrates in gel --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5.2.2 --- Effects in growth patterns --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5.2.3 --- Protection of entrapped microbial cells --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.2.4 --- Increase metabolic activities --- p.26 / Chapter 1.5.2.5 --- Reduction of water activity --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5.2.6 --- Prolongation of products formation --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6 --- Application of immobilized microorganisms in bio-remediation of azo dyes --- p.28 / Chapter 1.7 --- Purpose of study --- p.28 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Chemicals --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Bacteria --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Instruments --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Media --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.4.1 --- Luria Broth medium --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.4.2 --- Minimal medium --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Culture of Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Purification and characterization of azo-reductase --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Preparation of crude extract --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Purification of azo-reductase --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.2a --- Preparation of SDS-polyacrylamide gel --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.2b --- Sample preparation and application --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.2c --- Electrophoresis condition --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.2d --- Staining of gel by Commasie blue --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Measurement of azo-reductase activity --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Determination of effect of pH to azo- reductase activity --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Measurement of azo dye decolourization rate by whole cells of Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Preparation of cells --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Measurement of azo dye decolourization rate --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Measurement of azo dye decolourization rate by crude extract of Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Determination of dye degradation products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Measurement of redox potential of azo dyes --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Determination of the effect of cell permeation agents on dye degradation --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Determination of cell permeability --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- To study the effect of the presence of dye degradation products or added aromatic amines to dye degradation --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.9.1 --- Whole cell reactions --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.9.2 --- Crude extract or purified azo-reductase reaction --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Immobilization of cells by different matrix --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.10.1 --- Preparation of cells for immobilization --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.10.2 --- Immobilization by calcium alginate --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.10.3 --- Immobilization by K-carrageenan --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.10.4 --- Immobilization by polyacrylamide gel --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.10.5 --- Immobilization by agarose gel --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.10.6 --- Measurement of viability of immobilized cells --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.10.7 --- Measurement of azo dye degradation rate in immobilized cell system --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.10.8 --- Measurement of intracellular K in calcium alginate immobilized cells --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.10.9 --- Long term batch culture of immobilized cells --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- Determination of toxicities of azo dyes and aromatic amines --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESULTS --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1 --- Purification of azo-reductase 、 --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2 --- Properties of azo-reductase --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3 --- Degradation of azo dyes --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Degradation profiles --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Products of dye degradation --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of cell permeability on dye degradation rate --- p.94 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Induction of dye degradation rate by prior dye degradation exercise or by direct addition of aromatic amines --- p.97 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of immobilization --- p.114 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Effect of different immobilization matrix --- p.114 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Toxicities of different azo dyes and aromatic amines to free and immobilized cells --- p.124 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Effect of azo dyes and aromatic amines at high concentrations on free and on immobilized cells --- p.124 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.145 / Chapter 4.1 --- Degradation of azo dyes by Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.146 / Chapter 4.2 --- Permeability of azo dyes in Pseudomonas sp. ADD 16-2 --- p.150 / Chapter 4.3 --- Induction of dye degradation rate --- p.155 / Chapter 4.4 --- Effect of immobilization --- p.159 / CONCLUSION --- p.161 / REFERENCE --- p.162 / APPENDIX --- p.174 / appendix 1 Structures of azo dyes that have similar structures to Orange G --- p.175 / appendix 2 Absorption profiles of azo dye degradation products taken at different time intervals --- p.178 / appendix 3 Effect of pre-incubation time to dye degradation rate of Orange I by Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.183 / appendix 4 Effect of calcium ions (0-0.2 M) to (A) dye degradation and (B) viability of cells --- p.185 / appendix 5 Effect of ATP on induction effect of Orange I on whole cells of Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.187 / appendix 6 Summary of azo dyes that were degraded by Pseudomonas putida AD1 cells --- p.189

by Carmen, Ka-man Lai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-269). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / List of Figures --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.xii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- History of development of textile dyes --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Development of azo dyes --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Chemistry of color and dyes --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Classification of textile dyes --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5 --- Reactive dyes --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6 --- General properties of fibres --- p.21 / Chapter 1.7 --- Dye-fibre bonds --- p.27 / Chapter 1.8 --- Ecological aspect and toxicity of dyes --- p.32 / Chapter 1.9 --- Physical and chemical methods --- p.47 / Chapter 1.9.1 --- Physical methods --- p.48 / Chapter 1.9.2 --- Chemical methods --- p.51 / Chapter 1.10 --- Biological methods --- p.57 / Chapter 1.10.1 --- Biosorption --- p.58 / Chapter 1.10.2 --- Biodegradation --- p.62 / Chapter 2 --- Objectives --- p.71 / Chapter 3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1 --- Source of materials --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Selected dyes --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- "Adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash)" --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Identification of procion red MX-5B-degrading fungus --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2 --- Isolation and selection of microorganisms for biosorption and biodegradation --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of growth phase of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of growth conditions (age of inoculum and agitation rate) of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.81 / Chapter 3.5 --- Preparation of Pseudomonas sp. K-l for biosorption --- p.82 / Chapter 3.6 --- "Removal capacity of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash) for different azo and non-azo dyes" --- p.83 / Chapter 3.7 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R removal capacities of different adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp K-l, activated carbon and fly ash)" --- p.83 / Chapter 3.8 --- "Effect of dye concentration on the removal capacity of procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R of different adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash)" --- p.85 / Chapter 3.9 --- Optimization of growth yield and dye removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-1 --- p.87 / Chapter 3.9.1 --- Effect of agitation rate and nutrient contents on the growth yield of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.87 / Chapter 3.9.2 --- Effect of glucose concentration on the growth yield and dye removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.87 / Chapter 3.9.3 --- Effect of volume of inoculum from 2.5 mg/1 of glucose screening culture on procion red MX-5B removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.89 / Chapter 3.10 --- "Study on the surface structure of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-1, activated carbon and fly ash) by scanning electron microscopy" --- p.89 / Chapter 3.11 --- Effect of temperature on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 on complete medium plate --- p.90 / Chapter 3.12 --- Effect of agitation rate on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.90 / Chapter 3.13 --- Effect of age of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 culture on the dye removal efficiency (RE) of procion red MX-5B --- p.90 / Chapter 3.14 --- Preparation of mycelia of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 for biosorption and biodegradation --- p.91 / Chapter 3.15 --- Removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 for different azo and non-azo dyes --- p.92 / Chapter 3.16 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions" --- p.92 / Chapter 3.16.1 --- pH --- p.92 / Chapter 3.16.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.93 / Chapter 3.16.3 --- Temperature --- p.94 / Chapter 3.17 --- Effect of glucose concentration on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.94 / Chapter 3.18 --- Effect of pH on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 with the addition of glucose --- p.95 / Chapter 3.19 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions --- p.95 / Chapter 3.20 --- Dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in a recycle system --- p.96 / Chapter 3.21 --- Recovery of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 mycelia for biodegradation --- p.96 / Chapter 3.22 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.97 / Chapter 3.23 --- Microtox® test --- p.97 / Chapter 3.24 --- Determination of the degradation products of procion red MX-5B by Geotrichum candidum CU-1 using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.98 / Chapter 3.25 --- Determination of the degradation products of procion red MX-5B by Ti2O and H2O2 photocatalytic method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.100 / Chapter 3.26 --- Integration of biosorption and biodegradation --- p.100 / Chapter 3.26.1 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l and Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.100 / Chapter 3.26.2 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l and Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in dye solution --- p.100 / Chapter 3.26.3 --- Effect of H2O2 on the adsorbed procion red MX-5B removal capacity by Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.100 / Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1 --- Isolation and selection of microorganisms for biosorption and biodegradation --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Dye-contaminated sediment in Tuen Mun River --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Dye-contaminated sediment in Yuen Long River --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Activated sludge from Shatin Sewage Treatment Works --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Air sample from a laboratory --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2 --- Identification of procion red MX-5B-degrading fungus --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3 --- Effect of growth phase of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4 --- Effect of growth conditions (age of inoculum and agitation rate) of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Age of inoculum --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.111 / Chapter 4.5 --- "Removal capacity of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash) for different azo and non-azo dyes" --- p.111 / Chapter 4.6 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R removal capacities of different adsorbents" --- p.116 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- pH --- p.116 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.116 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Temperature --- p.123 / Chapter 4.7 --- "Effect of dye concentration on the removal capacity of procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R of different adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash)" --- p.123 / Chapter 4.8 --- Optimization of growth yield and dye removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-1 --- p.131 / Chapter 4.8.1 --- Effect of agitation rate and nutrient contents on the growth yield of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.131 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- Effect of glucose concentration on the growth yield and dye removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.131 / Chapter 4.8.3 --- Effect of volume of inoculum from 2.5 mg/1 of glucose screening culture on procion red MX-5B removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.134 / Chapter 4.9 --- "Study on the surface structure of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash) by scanning electron microscopy" --- p.134 / Chapter 4.9.1 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.134 / Chapter 4.9.2 --- Activated carbon --- p.134 / Chapter 4.9.3 --- Fly ash --- p.134 / Chapter 4.10 --- Effect of temperature on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 on complete medium plate --- p.138 / Chapter 4.11 --- Effect of agitation rate on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.138 / Chapter 4.12 --- Effect of age of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 culture on the dye removal efficiency of procion red MX-5B --- p.138 / Chapter 4.13 --- Removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 for different azo and non-azo dyes --- p.145 / Chapter 4.14 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions" --- p.145 / Chapter 4.14.1 --- pH --- p.145 / Chapter 4.14.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.150 / Chapter 4.14.3 --- Temperature --- p.150 / Chapter 4.15 --- Effect of glucose concentration on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.155 / Chapter 4.16 --- Effect of pH on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 with the addition of glucose --- p.155 / Chapter 4.17 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions --- p.158 / Chapter 4.18 --- Dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in a recycle system --- p.164 / Chapter 4.19 --- Recovery of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 mycelia for biodegradation --- p.164 / Chapter 4.20 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.164 / Chapter 4.21 --- Microtox® test --- p.168 / Chapter 4.22 --- Determination of the degradation products of procion red MX-5B by Geotrichum candidum CU-1 using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.168 / Chapter 4.23 --- Integration of biosorption and biodegradation --- p.178 / Chapter 4.23.1 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l and Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.178 / Chapter 4.23.2 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l and Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in dye solution --- p.178 / Chapter 4.23.3 --- Effect of H202 on the adsorbed procion red MX-5B removal capacity by Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.178 / Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.180 / Chapter 5.1 --- Isolation and selection of microorganisms for biosorption and biodegradation --- p.180 / Chapter 5.2 --- Identification of procion red MX-5B-degrading fungus --- p.182 / Chapter 5.3 --- Effect of growth phase of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.184 / Chapter 5.4 --- Effect of growth conditions (age of inoculum and agitation rate) of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.187 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Age of inoculum --- p.187 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.188 / Chapter 5.5 --- Preparation of Pseudomonas sp. K-l for dye adsorption --- p.188 / Chapter 5.6 --- "Removal capacity of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash) for different azo and non-azo dyes" --- p.189 / Chapter 5.7 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R removal capacities of different adsorbents" --- p.191 / Chapter 5.7.1 --- pH --- p.191 / Chapter 5.7.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.193 / Chapter 5.7.3 --- Temperature --- p.194 / Chapter 5.8 --- "Effect of dye concentration on the removal capacity of procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R of different adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash)" --- p.195 / Chapter 5.9 --- Optimization of growth yield and dye removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.199 / Chapter 5.9.1 --- Effect of agitation rate and nutrient contents on the growth yield of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.1197 / Chapter 5.9.2 --- Effect of glucose concentration on the growth yield and dye --- p.201 / Chapter 5.9.3 --- Effect of volume of inoculum from 2.5 mg/1 of glucose screening culture on procion red MX-5B removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.202 / Chapter 5.10 --- "Study on the surface structure of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash) by scanning electron microscopy" --- p.203 / Chapter 5.10.1 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.203 / Chapter 5.10.2 --- Activated carbon --- p.203 / Chapter 5.10.3 --- Fly ash --- p.203 / Chapter 5.11 --- Effect of temperature on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 on complete medium plate --- p.204 / Chapter 5.12 --- Effect of agitation rate on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.204 / Chapter 5.13 --- Effect of age of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 culture on the dye removal efficiency of procion red MX-5B --- p.205 / Chapter 5.14 --- Removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 for different azo and non-azo dyes --- p.206 / Chapter 5.15 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions" --- p.207 / Chapter 5.15.1 --- pH --- p.207 / Chapter 5.15.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.210 / Chapter 5.15.3 --- Temperature --- p.210 / Chapter 5.16 --- Effect of glucose concentration on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.212 / Chapter 5.17 --- Effect of pH on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 with the addition of glucose --- p.213 / Chapter 5.18 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions --- p.215 / Chapter 5.19 --- Dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in a recycle system --- p.217 / Chapter 5.20 --- Recovery of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 mycelia for biodegradation --- p.219 / Chapter 5.21 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.221 / Chapter 5.22 --- Microtox® test --- p.221 / Chapter 5.23 --- Determination of the degradation products of procion red MX-5B by Geotrichum candidum CU-1 using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.225 / Chapter 5.24 --- Integration of biosorption and biodegradation --- p.229 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.233 / Chapter 7 --- References --- p.237 / Appendix 1 --- p.270 / Appendix 2 --- p.271

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1936. / Bibliography: leaf 116.

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