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by Siu-tai Tsim. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 382-403). / Statement --- p.4 / Acknowledgements --- p.5 / Abstract --- p.6 / Abbreviation --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 1. --- General introduction --- p.10 / Chapter PART I. --- Biodegradation of Indigo carmine / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Introduction to indigo/indigo carmine --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Purification and characterization of crude indigo carmine degrading enzyme --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Characterization of indigo carmine degradation products --- p.181 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Toxicity of indigo carmine and its degradation products --- p.219 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- A new method to determine the concentration of indigo dye --- p.301 / Chapter PART II. --- Biosorption of Sulfur black dye / Chapter Chapter 7. --- "An efficient method for removal of sulfur black dye, a contaminant in sodium thiosulfate, a side product of sulfur black production" --- p.319 / References --- p.382

Thesis. 1978. Sc.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / Sc.D.

by Yung-Ho Chow. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-173). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.iv / ABBREVIATION --- p.vi / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Azo dyes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Chemistry of azo dyes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Synthesis of azo dyes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Oxidation and reduction --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Dyeing --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Staining to biological materials --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Toxicity of azo dyes --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Toxicity to mammals --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Toxicity to microorganisms --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Degradation of azo dyes --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Degradation of azo dyes by mammalian system --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Degradation of azo dyes by fungi system --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Degradation of azo dyes by bacteria --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.3.1 --- Requirement of cofactors --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.3.2 --- Effect of oxygen --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.3.3 --- Effect of cell permeability --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.3.4 --- Redox potential and rate of dye degradation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.3.5 --- Rate of dye degradation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Azo-reductase --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Microsomal azo-reductase --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- Bacterial azo-reductase --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5 --- Immobilization of microorganisms --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Gel matrix for entrapment --- p.20 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Effect of gel entrapment to microbial cells --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5.2.1 --- Reduced diffusion of substrates in gel --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5.2.2 --- Effects in growth patterns --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5.2.3 --- Protection of entrapped microbial cells --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.2.4 --- Increase metabolic activities --- p.26 / Chapter 1.5.2.5 --- Reduction of water activity --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5.2.6 --- Prolongation of products formation --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6 --- Application of immobilized microorganisms in bio-remediation of azo dyes --- p.28 / Chapter 1.7 --- Purpose of study --- p.28 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Chemicals --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Bacteria --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Instruments --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Media --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.4.1 --- Luria Broth medium --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.4.2 --- Minimal medium --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Culture of Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Purification and characterization of azo-reductase --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Preparation of crude extract --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Purification of azo-reductase --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.2a --- Preparation of SDS-polyacrylamide gel --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.2b --- Sample preparation and application --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.2c --- Electrophoresis condition --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.2d --- Staining of gel by Commasie blue --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Measurement of azo-reductase activity --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Determination of effect of pH to azo- reductase activity --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Measurement of azo dye decolourization rate by whole cells of Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Preparation of cells --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Measurement of azo dye decolourization rate --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Measurement of azo dye decolourization rate by crude extract of Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Determination of dye degradation products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Measurement of redox potential of azo dyes --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Determination of the effect of cell permeation agents on dye degradation --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Determination of cell permeability --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- To study the effect of the presence of dye degradation products or added aromatic amines to dye degradation --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.9.1 --- Whole cell reactions --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.9.2 --- Crude extract or purified azo-reductase reaction --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Immobilization of cells by different matrix --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.10.1 --- Preparation of cells for immobilization --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.10.2 --- Immobilization by calcium alginate --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.10.3 --- Immobilization by K-carrageenan --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.10.4 --- Immobilization by polyacrylamide gel --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.10.5 --- Immobilization by agarose gel --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.10.6 --- Measurement of viability of immobilized cells --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.10.7 --- Measurement of azo dye degradation rate in immobilized cell system --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.10.8 --- Measurement of intracellular K in calcium alginate immobilized cells --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.10.9 --- Long term batch culture of immobilized cells --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- Determination of toxicities of azo dyes and aromatic amines --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESULTS --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1 --- Purification of azo-reductase 、 --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2 --- Properties of azo-reductase --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3 --- Degradation of azo dyes --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Degradation profiles --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Products of dye degradation --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of cell permeability on dye degradation rate --- p.94 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Induction of dye degradation rate by prior dye degradation exercise or by direct addition of aromatic amines --- p.97 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of immobilization --- p.114 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Effect of different immobilization matrix --- p.114 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Toxicities of different azo dyes and aromatic amines to free and immobilized cells --- p.124 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Effect of azo dyes and aromatic amines at high concentrations on free and on immobilized cells --- p.124 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.145 / Chapter 4.1 --- Degradation of azo dyes by Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.146 / Chapter 4.2 --- Permeability of azo dyes in Pseudomonas sp. ADD 16-2 --- p.150 / Chapter 4.3 --- Induction of dye degradation rate --- p.155 / Chapter 4.4 --- Effect of immobilization --- p.159 / CONCLUSION --- p.161 / REFERENCE --- p.162 / APPENDIX --- p.174 / appendix 1 Structures of azo dyes that have similar structures to Orange G --- p.175 / appendix 2 Absorption profiles of azo dye degradation products taken at different time intervals --- p.178 / appendix 3 Effect of pre-incubation time to dye degradation rate of Orange I by Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.183 / appendix 4 Effect of calcium ions (0-0.2 M) to (A) dye degradation and (B) viability of cells --- p.185 / appendix 5 Effect of ATP on induction effect of Orange I on whole cells of Pseudomonas sp. ADD16-2 --- p.187 / appendix 6 Summary of azo dyes that were degraded by Pseudomonas putida AD1 cells --- p.189

by Carmen, Ka-man Lai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-269). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / List of Figures --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.xii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- History of development of textile dyes --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Development of azo dyes --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Chemistry of color and dyes --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Classification of textile dyes --- p.12 / Chapter 1.5 --- Reactive dyes --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6 --- General properties of fibres --- p.21 / Chapter 1.7 --- Dye-fibre bonds --- p.27 / Chapter 1.8 --- Ecological aspect and toxicity of dyes --- p.32 / Chapter 1.9 --- Physical and chemical methods --- p.47 / Chapter 1.9.1 --- Physical methods --- p.48 / Chapter 1.9.2 --- Chemical methods --- p.51 / Chapter 1.10 --- Biological methods --- p.57 / Chapter 1.10.1 --- Biosorption --- p.58 / Chapter 1.10.2 --- Biodegradation --- p.62 / Chapter 2 --- Objectives --- p.71 / Chapter 3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1 --- Source of materials --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Selected dyes --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- "Adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash)" --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Identification of procion red MX-5B-degrading fungus --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2 --- Isolation and selection of microorganisms for biosorption and biodegradation --- p.79 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of growth phase of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of growth conditions (age of inoculum and agitation rate) of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.81 / Chapter 3.5 --- Preparation of Pseudomonas sp. K-l for biosorption --- p.82 / Chapter 3.6 --- "Removal capacity of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash) for different azo and non-azo dyes" --- p.83 / Chapter 3.7 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R removal capacities of different adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp K-l, activated carbon and fly ash)" --- p.83 / Chapter 3.8 --- "Effect of dye concentration on the removal capacity of procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R of different adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash)" --- p.85 / Chapter 3.9 --- Optimization of growth yield and dye removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-1 --- p.87 / Chapter 3.9.1 --- Effect of agitation rate and nutrient contents on the growth yield of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.87 / Chapter 3.9.2 --- Effect of glucose concentration on the growth yield and dye removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.87 / Chapter 3.9.3 --- Effect of volume of inoculum from 2.5 mg/1 of glucose screening culture on procion red MX-5B removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.89 / Chapter 3.10 --- "Study on the surface structure of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-1, activated carbon and fly ash) by scanning electron microscopy" --- p.89 / Chapter 3.11 --- Effect of temperature on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 on complete medium plate --- p.90 / Chapter 3.12 --- Effect of agitation rate on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.90 / Chapter 3.13 --- Effect of age of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 culture on the dye removal efficiency (RE) of procion red MX-5B --- p.90 / Chapter 3.14 --- Preparation of mycelia of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 for biosorption and biodegradation --- p.91 / Chapter 3.15 --- Removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 for different azo and non-azo dyes --- p.92 / Chapter 3.16 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions" --- p.92 / Chapter 3.16.1 --- pH --- p.92 / Chapter 3.16.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.93 / Chapter 3.16.3 --- Temperature --- p.94 / Chapter 3.17 --- Effect of glucose concentration on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.94 / Chapter 3.18 --- Effect of pH on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 with the addition of glucose --- p.95 / Chapter 3.19 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions --- p.95 / Chapter 3.20 --- Dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in a recycle system --- p.96 / Chapter 3.21 --- Recovery of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 mycelia for biodegradation --- p.96 / Chapter 3.22 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.97 / Chapter 3.23 --- Microtox® test --- p.97 / Chapter 3.24 --- Determination of the degradation products of procion red MX-5B by Geotrichum candidum CU-1 using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.98 / Chapter 3.25 --- Determination of the degradation products of procion red MX-5B by Ti2O and H2O2 photocatalytic method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.100 / Chapter 3.26 --- Integration of biosorption and biodegradation --- p.100 / Chapter 3.26.1 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l and Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.100 / Chapter 3.26.2 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l and Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in dye solution --- p.100 / Chapter 3.26.3 --- Effect of H2O2 on the adsorbed procion red MX-5B removal capacity by Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.100 / Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1 --- Isolation and selection of microorganisms for biosorption and biodegradation --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Dye-contaminated sediment in Tuen Mun River --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Dye-contaminated sediment in Yuen Long River --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Activated sludge from Shatin Sewage Treatment Works --- p.102 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Air sample from a laboratory --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2 --- Identification of procion red MX-5B-degrading fungus --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3 --- Effect of growth phase of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4 --- Effect of growth conditions (age of inoculum and agitation rate) of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Age of inoculum --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.111 / Chapter 4.5 --- "Removal capacity of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash) for different azo and non-azo dyes" --- p.111 / Chapter 4.6 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R removal capacities of different adsorbents" --- p.116 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- pH --- p.116 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.116 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Temperature --- p.123 / Chapter 4.7 --- "Effect of dye concentration on the removal capacity of procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R of different adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash)" --- p.123 / Chapter 4.8 --- Optimization of growth yield and dye removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-1 --- p.131 / Chapter 4.8.1 --- Effect of agitation rate and nutrient contents on the growth yield of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.131 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- Effect of glucose concentration on the growth yield and dye removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.131 / Chapter 4.8.3 --- Effect of volume of inoculum from 2.5 mg/1 of glucose screening culture on procion red MX-5B removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.134 / Chapter 4.9 --- "Study on the surface structure of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash) by scanning electron microscopy" --- p.134 / Chapter 4.9.1 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.134 / Chapter 4.9.2 --- Activated carbon --- p.134 / Chapter 4.9.3 --- Fly ash --- p.134 / Chapter 4.10 --- Effect of temperature on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 on complete medium plate --- p.138 / Chapter 4.11 --- Effect of agitation rate on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.138 / Chapter 4.12 --- Effect of age of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 culture on the dye removal efficiency of procion red MX-5B --- p.138 / Chapter 4.13 --- Removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 for different azo and non-azo dyes --- p.145 / Chapter 4.14 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions" --- p.145 / Chapter 4.14.1 --- pH --- p.145 / Chapter 4.14.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.150 / Chapter 4.14.3 --- Temperature --- p.150 / Chapter 4.15 --- Effect of glucose concentration on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.155 / Chapter 4.16 --- Effect of pH on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 with the addition of glucose --- p.155 / Chapter 4.17 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions --- p.158 / Chapter 4.18 --- Dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in a recycle system --- p.164 / Chapter 4.19 --- Recovery of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 mycelia for biodegradation --- p.164 / Chapter 4.20 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.164 / Chapter 4.21 --- Microtox® test --- p.168 / Chapter 4.22 --- Determination of the degradation products of procion red MX-5B by Geotrichum candidum CU-1 using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.168 / Chapter 4.23 --- Integration of biosorption and biodegradation --- p.178 / Chapter 4.23.1 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l and Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.178 / Chapter 4.23.2 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l and Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in dye solution --- p.178 / Chapter 4.23.3 --- Effect of H202 on the adsorbed procion red MX-5B removal capacity by Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.178 / Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.180 / Chapter 5.1 --- Isolation and selection of microorganisms for biosorption and biodegradation --- p.180 / Chapter 5.2 --- Identification of procion red MX-5B-degrading fungus --- p.182 / Chapter 5.3 --- Effect of growth phase of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.184 / Chapter 5.4 --- Effect of growth conditions (age of inoculum and agitation rate) of Pseudomonas sp. K-l on the dye adsorption capacity --- p.187 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Age of inoculum --- p.187 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.188 / Chapter 5.5 --- Preparation of Pseudomonas sp. K-l for dye adsorption --- p.188 / Chapter 5.6 --- "Removal capacity of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash) for different azo and non-azo dyes" --- p.189 / Chapter 5.7 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R removal capacities of different adsorbents" --- p.191 / Chapter 5.7.1 --- pH --- p.191 / Chapter 5.7.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.193 / Chapter 5.7.3 --- Temperature --- p.194 / Chapter 5.8 --- "Effect of dye concentration on the removal capacity of procion red MX-5B and remazol brilliant violet 5R of different adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash)" --- p.195 / Chapter 5.9 --- Optimization of growth yield and dye removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.199 / Chapter 5.9.1 --- Effect of agitation rate and nutrient contents on the growth yield of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.1197 / Chapter 5.9.2 --- Effect of glucose concentration on the growth yield and dye --- p.201 / Chapter 5.9.3 --- Effect of volume of inoculum from 2.5 mg/1 of glucose screening culture on procion red MX-5B removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.202 / Chapter 5.10 --- "Study on the surface structure of adsorbents (Pseudomonas sp. K-l, activated carbon and fly ash) by scanning electron microscopy" --- p.203 / Chapter 5.10.1 --- Pseudomonas sp. K-l --- p.203 / Chapter 5.10.2 --- Activated carbon --- p.203 / Chapter 5.10.3 --- Fly ash --- p.203 / Chapter 5.11 --- Effect of temperature on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 on complete medium plate --- p.204 / Chapter 5.12 --- Effect of agitation rate on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.204 / Chapter 5.13 --- Effect of age of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 culture on the dye removal efficiency of procion red MX-5B --- p.205 / Chapter 5.14 --- Removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 for different azo and non-azo dyes --- p.206 / Chapter 5.15 --- "Effect of physico-chemical parameters (pH, agitation rate and temperature) on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions" --- p.207 / Chapter 5.15.1 --- pH --- p.207 / Chapter 5.15.2 --- Agitation rate --- p.210 / Chapter 5.15.3 --- Temperature --- p.210 / Chapter 5.16 --- Effect of glucose concentration on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 --- p.212 / Chapter 5.17 --- Effect of pH on procion red MX-5B removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 with the addition of glucose --- p.213 / Chapter 5.18 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions --- p.215 / Chapter 5.19 --- Dye removal efficiency of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in a recycle system --- p.217 / Chapter 5.20 --- Recovery of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 mycelia for biodegradation --- p.219 / Chapter 5.21 --- Effect of procion red MX-5B concentration on the growth of Geotrichum candidum CU-1 in complete medium --- p.221 / Chapter 5.22 --- Microtox® test --- p.221 / Chapter 5.23 --- Determination of the degradation products of procion red MX-5B by Geotrichum candidum CU-1 using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- p.225 / Chapter 5.24 --- Integration of biosorption and biodegradation --- p.229 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.233 / Chapter 7 --- References --- p.237 / Appendix 1 --- p.270 / Appendix 2 --- p.271

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1936. / Bibliography: leaf 116.

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