ABSTRACT This project describes the development and evaluation of two laboratory courses in First Year Biology, each of which is part of a larger full-year course of instruction given by the Biology Department at McMaster University. Introductory Human Physiology is prepared for Physical Education students. Adaptation in the Biological World - a general Biology course - is prepared for Natural Sciences students. Design of the laboratory exercises utilizes a variety of different educational models which are intended to stimulate the students' interest in Biology. The exercises give students first-hand experience with important principles and concepts related to the lecture material. This project stresses the role of the Teaching Assistants who supervise activities in the laboratories and who demonstrate the basic skills we expect students to learn. Conclusions drawn from this project are: 1. The majority of students consider the laboratory courses to be useful. 2. Educational goals established for the courses are being met. 3 • Change and improvement are important ongoing components of the curriculum. 4. As funds become available, we must introduce more interesting techniques and methodologies to the curriculum. 5. It is essential to maintain a high level of efficiency and organization within the team of people associated with laboratories. / Thesis / Master of Science (Teaching)

Fossorial mammals are frequently exposed to hypercapnic and/or hypoxic conditions in their burrows. This research compares ventilatory responses of golden hamsters (<i>Mesocricetus auratus</i>) to different ambient respiratory gas concentrations with those of the white rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>). Total body plethysmography was used to measure tidal volume (V_T), respiratory frequency (R_f), and minute volume (V_E). The respiratory gases had carbon dioxide concentrations ranging from 0 to 790 and oxygen content ranging from 13 to 21%. Both hypercapnic and hypoxic gas mixtures caused hyperventilation in hamsters. The more a gas mixture deviated from normal air, the greater the ventilatory increase. Combining hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions did not potentiate the response. Rats exhibited a greater hyperventilation in response to hypercapnic-hypoxic and hypercapnic gas mixtures than did the hamsters. Hypoxia alone caused a greater response in the hamsters. Greater blood buffering capacity of hamsters offers a possible explanation for the different ventilatory responses observed between these two rodents. / M.S.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the undergraduate biology practical instructions and the level of competence of undergraduate biology students in practical laboratory skills in some Ethiopian universities using skill performance rubric and questionnaires. A sample of 208 third year students and 26 instructors and laboratory assistants from three universities were selected as sample of the study. Students reported that more than 84.2% of the laboratory activities are below the average number of laboratory activities recommended by the curriculum with no significant difference between universities. The laboratory skill performance test score was below the midpoint. None of the students could be able to estimate and determine fields of vision of a microscope. There is a significant and a positively linear relationship between the students’ grade point average (GPA) with identification of laboratory equipment, handling of microscope, setting of microscope, estimation of diameter of field of vision and measuring liquid. Laboratory skill performance test score is correlated with higher education entrance exam score but not with students’ high school laboratory back ground. There is no significant difference in instructor’s manipulative skills among universities (p ≥ 0.09) and instructors manipulative skills is neither correlated with qualification nor teaching experience (P≥0.056). The most common method of assessment instructors’ use in the laboratory is laboratory report and identification of specimen examination (46.4%) and written exam and identification of specimen examination (35.7%). The number of courses having laboratory manuals is as low as 14.3%, in the new university. Manipulating materials, measuring and using numbers, and pre lab activity were common activities, and were found in every manual and in every university. Moreover, the result also revealed that the manuals contain high percentage rate of basic science process skills (75.4%) as compared to the integrated science process skills (24.6%). Correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed that students’ laboratory performance skills is significantly positively correlated with higher education entrance exam score, availability of laboratory resources and instructors experiences. Instructors’ experience has significant positive regression weights / Life and Consumer Sciences / D. Phil. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)

Submitted by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2018-01-08T14:08:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇAO TATIANA BURICHE.pdf: 1357055 bytes, checksum: 4e2d35ab9657b4ced51e5617a84a1770 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Lúcia Torres (bfmhuap@gmail.com) on 2018-01-08T14:09:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇAO TATIANA BURICHE.pdf: 1357055 bytes, checksum: 4e2d35ab9657b4ced51e5617a84a1770 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-08T14:09:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇAO TATIANA BURICHE.pdf: 1357055 bytes, checksum: 4e2d35ab9657b4ced51e5617a84a1770 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia / A bioética aplica princípios éticos na tomada de decisão a fim de solucionar dilemas reais ou previstos em diversos campos, principalmente na área da saúde. O laboratório de análises clínicas é parte integrante e primordial nos modelos assistenciais de saúde em todo mundo, na execução de testes laboratoriais para fins de diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento de diversas doenças. O processo de execução dos testes laboratoriais envolve tarefas complexas descritas em três fases: fase pré-analítica, fase analítica e fase pós-analítica. Essas fases envolvem falhas descritas como erros laboratoriais que podem levantar questões éticas e bioéticas. Buscamos, através de uma revisão não sistemática da literatura, com ampla pesquisa bibliográfica em bases de dados conhecidas, trabalhos e artigos científicos, a fim de identificar os erros que ocorrem no laboratório de análises clínicas caracterizando as questões éticas envolvidas. Foi elaborada uma análise bioética dos erros que ocorrem nas diferentes fases do processo laboratorial com ênfase na fase pré-analítica. Ao final da análise bioética construída, esperamos ter contribuído para aumentar a conscientização dos profissionais de laboratório para as questões éticas, aumentar a interface entre análises clínicas e a bioética, diminuir os erros laboratoriais, melhorar as tomadas de decisão e a gestão laboratorial para aumentar a satisfação e a segurança do paciente e de toda sociedade que utiliza os serviços dos laboratórios de análises clínicas / Bioethics apply ethical principles in decision making in order to solve real or anticipated dilemmas provided in various fields, especially in health care. The laboratory of clinical analysis is an integral and primordial part in health care models worldwide, in performing laboratory tests for diagnostic purposes, treatment and monitoring of various diseases. The process of execution of laboratory tests involves complex tasks described in three phases: pre-analytical phase, analytical phase and post-analytical phase. These stages involve failures described as laboratory errors that may raise ethical and bioethical issues. We search through a non-systematic literature review with ample bibliographic research on known databases, scientific papers and articles in order to identify errors that occur in clinical analysis laboratory featuring the ethical issues involved. It was elaborated a bioethical analysis of errors that occur at different stages of laboratory process with emphasis on pre-analytical phase. By the end of the constructed bioethical analysis, we hope to have contributed to raise awareness for laboratory professionals to ethical issues, increasing the interface between clinical analysis and bioethics, decreasing laboratory errors improvement of decision making in laboratory management to enhance satisfaction and patient safety and of all society that uses the services of laboratories of clinical analysis

No description available.

The first night effect (FNE) has been described as a phenomenon that affects sleep quality as measured by objective parameters by polysomnography (PSG) tests that show decreased sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, total sleep time and increased sleep latencies and REM latencies. Music therapy has been an effective tool in treating anxiety in a number of patient populations as well as helping patients improve sleep quality when measured by questionnaires administered pre and post intervention. It is hypothesized that music therapy may help alleviate the FNE by improving sleep quality and the current study investigates this music intervention by observing objective parameters through PSG. A total of ninety-eight subjects completed the study of determining effectiveness of intervention in a recently constructed sleep laboratory at Boston Medical Center. Results have shown that there are no significant improvements in the sleep parameters investigated: sleep latency, sleep efficient, non-REM sleep, REM sleep, REM latency, time spent awake after initial sleep onset, arousal index, and total sleep time in the total population examined. Men and subjects that did not receive night-time respiratory treatments showed longer REM latencies when an intervention was involved. At this time, there is no reason to suggest that music therapy can help improve sleep quality on the first night in sleep laboratories when sleep quality is assessed using objective parameters. Further studies investigating anxiety levels and looking at particular patient populations on the first night pre and post music intervention may help determine the true efficacy of music intervention in helping lessen the FNE.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 L443 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 C348 / Master of Science

The National Health Laboratory Service is a single national entity to provide laboratory services to the public sector in SA. The NHLS came into being by amalgamating five large independent pathology service providers. The research will provide insight on how to manage change and stakeholder relations during mergers.