Originally presented as the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--Yale. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-200) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Graduate School of Management, University of Western Australia. / Title taken from title screen (viewed October 5, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 355-383) and appendices.

Aim: To investigate how the University of Gävle conducts relationship with graduate students and retains graduate students and creates loyalty. This study explores the importance of relationship marketing theories that intends to be applied in higher education through alumni programs and services. University of Gävle and Stockholm University will be compared in benchmarking to determine in what ways the alumni offices create relationships to retain and create loyalty to alumni students.  Method: A qualitative research was conducted on the University of Gävle and Stockholm University in Sweden for this study, which included interviews with the relation officers on this subject. Result & Conclusions: It was evident that the University of Gävle alumni actually exist as titles, and there is no certain relationship strategy, however, only they are NOT actively operational. The study identified that the University of Gävle was not using a certain strategy to create lasting relationship, loyalty and increase prospective students. The study revealed the importance of relationship marketing strategy to effectively administrate the progress in establishing relationship with the alumni, to increase the prospective international students, to keep a regular track and communications with alumni. Suggestions for future research: This study focused on two universities, further research could be conducted to examine the relationship marketing with alumni students and investigate students’ relationship with university in other countries and institutions.

The success of cooperatives depends increasingly on the opportunities of people to integrate the cooperative environment to be valued to ensure a quality service to its members and customers. It is known that with the fierce market competition, cooperatives seek to improve the quality of care, loyalty to their members. It is observed that the services remain competitive in the market and the quality is a prerequisite for competitiveness, so it is necessary to provide a better service to members and customers. This paper, case study, presents a study that is also characterized as a research uses exploratory and qualitative method approach to data collection and analysis. The objective was to identify the quality necessary to maintain the assets members for their loyalty in a cooperative agroindustrial located in western Santa Catarina. To achieve the objectives it was necessary at first, perform a literature search on Cooperatives and Cooperative Services, and Quality services, and, second, conducting empirical research with the members and customers. To gather data Questionnaires were administered and was later drafted the text and the theoretical calculation and analysis of data. The results indicate that the cooperative is a strong ally of its members and provides a good level of customer loyalty and satisfaction among the different age groups and levels of education, where loyalty is directly linked to satisfaction, quality of care and services provided. / O sucesso das cooperativas depende cada vez mais das oportunidades das pessoas de se integrarem no ambiente cooperativo de serem valorizadas para assegurar um atendimento com qualidade a seus cooperados e clientes. Sabe-se que, com a competição acirrada do mercado, as cooperativas buscam aperfeiçoar a qualidade do atendimento, para fidelizar seus cooperados. Observa-se que, os serviços competitivos permanecem no mercado e a qualidade é pré-requisito da competitividade, sendo assim é necessário oferecer um melhor atendimento aos cooperados e clientes. O presente trabalho, estudo de caso, apresenta um estudo que se caracteriza também como uma pesquisa tipo exploratória e utiliza o método qualitativo de abordagem para a coleta e a análise dos dados. Objetivou-se identificar a qualidade necessária para manter os cooperados ativos para sua fidelização em uma cooperativa agroindustrial localizada no Oeste de Santa Catarina. Para atingir os objetivos foi necessário, num primeiro momento, realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre Cooperativas e Cooperativismo, Serviços e a Qualidade em serviços, e, num segundo momento, realizar a pesquisa empírica junto aos cooperados e clientes. Para coletar os dados foram aplicados questionários e posteriormente, foi elaborado o texto teórico e a tabulação e análise dos dados. Os resultados indicam que a cooperativa é uma forte aliada de seus cooperados e apresenta um nível bom de fidelização e satisfação entre as diferentes faixas etárias e níveis de escolaridade, onde a fidelidade está diretamente ligada à satisfação, qualidade no atendimento e nos serviços prestados.

With the rise of e-commerce, more and more retailers switch the focus to online environment. In order to gain customers’ e-loyalty, e-retailers have to pay more attention to e-loyalty itself and its antecedents. To help practitioners and academicians better understand e-loyalty, theory of e-satisfaction, e-trust and perceived value were introduced in this thesis. A conceptual model was structured to further explain the relationships towards e-loyalty. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the relationship of e-loyalty and its antecedents (e-satisfaction, e-trust and perceived value) and identify the strongest antecedent leading to e-loyalty.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the underlying factors that contribute to the creation of loyalty within the area of mobile banking, and their relative importance. The study is limited to the Swedish market and members of the millennial generation. To acquire the wanted primary data, this study adopted a survey strategy, where responses from 153 current and former university students were collected. Following the survey, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and ultimately a multiple linear regression analysis to reveal what factors that predicts loyalty. Findings show that Relationship Quality (Commitment/Satisfaction/ Trust) has a positive impact on mobile banking loyalty and is thestrongest determinant. A lower level of Perceived Risk also has a positive impact on mobile banking loyalty. A Net Promotor Score of 1.4 percent indicate low loyalty among millennial mobile banking customers. This study contributes to the bank marketing theory by being one of the first studies that investigate which factors that directly influence loyalty among mobile banking customers. Since millennials is the next working generation it is crucial for banks to understand how loyalty in this generation is created. As the study is focused on Swedish millennials, applicability to the general population is limited.

It is important for companies to reach their goal of marketing success and a way for them doing so is to improve their sales and differentiate themselves from their competitors. There is in fact a need for companies to focus on sustainable consumption and how customers are influenced by purchasing these products. Since several research has been studying the impact brand equity has on purchase intention, this paper intends to explain this impact further by adding the context of sustainability. In order to explain this, this paper used a quantitative approach where a survey was sent out. A total of 220 responses were collected and the answers given were calculated through the program SPSS. In SPSS a multiple regression line was conducted where the results could be found, where the developed hypotheses showed acceptance or rejection. The result showed that the variables of brand equity had different levels of impact, where three out of four hypotheses were accepted. Even though one of the variables was rejected, the overall representation of brand equity had a positive impact on purchase intention when the context of sustainability was added.

Background: Customers are becoming increasingly conscious about sustainability, for instance when choosing a fast-fashion brand. Brand loyal customers are in direct relation with the success of a brand and promoting brand information of sustainability efforts on social media platforms could positively influence customers brand loyalty, brand satisfaction, brand trust and brand engagement.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between brand information regarding sustainability efforts of fast-fashion brands and brand loyalty, brand satisfaction, brand trust as well as brand engagement. Further, this study examines whether brand trust and brand engagement work as antecedents to brand satisfaction, respectively brand satisfaction to brand loyalty.  Research questions:  How does brand information of sustainability efforts from fast-fashion brands on social media affect brand loyalty? How does brand information of sustainability efforts from fast-fashion brands on social media affect brand satisfaction and its antecedents brand trust and brand engagement? How do brand engagement and brand trust affect brand satisfaction respectively brand loyalty?  Methodology: This research follows a quantitative and deductive research approach. The data was collected through an online survey and the sampling method was a non- probability and a snowball sample. The data collection reached a total of 160 answers which were analyzed through SPSS. Validity and reliability were ensured before testing the hypotheses.  Findings: The findings from this research revealed that there is a positive relationship between brand information regarding sustainability efforts and brand loyalty, brand satisfaction, brand trust, and brand engagement. Further, the results indicated that the hypothesized antecedents brand trust and brand engagement were also accepted.  Implications: This study contributes with its results to today’s increased interest in sustainability, and it delivers significant insights which could be used by fast- fashion brands strategic decisions regarding the content of social media channels. Further, it adds valuable information to current academic literature in a few different ways.  Originality: This paper brings focus to the importance of brand loyalty and how closely it is related to brand information regarding sustainability efforts of fast-fashion brands.

Lorsqu'une infraction est comme, la recherche de son auteur est non seulement une question factuelle mais aussi une question juridique centrale dans la procédure pénale. dans une société démocratique, l'appréhension de l'auteur de l'infraction exige la preuve de sa participation aux faits.la police judiciaire a pour mission de constater les infractions pénales et de procéder aux investigations nécessaires à la manifestation de la vérité. en d'autres termes, elle doit rapporter la preuve de la commission de l'infraction et de son imputation à une ou plusieurs personnes déterminées. / Criminal proceedings must meet two requirements:- Ensure investigating authorities broad and powerful means of investigation.- Protect individuals from the danger of arbitrariness with their freedom and unfounded conviction.Those two requirements are faced with great acuity in special proceedings right. Now the principle of proportionality between the seriousness of the offense and the procedure is applied.The offenses related to a crime considered as serious (as organized criminality) are subjected to a special procedure facilitating the taking of evidence and decreasing the individual freedom protection.The following research attempts to identify explicit and implicit criteria of this principle of proportionality in criminal proceedings throughout the regime of the taking of evidence by judicial police.

This thesis investigates a generalisable cross-cultural model for brand loyalty by integrating extant theories of personal cultural orientation (of individualism and collectivism), self-congruity (actual, ideal, social, and ideal social self-congurity), customer satisfaction, attitudinal brand loyalty, and behavioural brand loyalty. Creating brand loyalty is a key branding issue in modern marketing. Brands are faced with the challenge of building, maintaining, and increasing their capacity to drive customer loyalty across borders with consumers of different cultures. Notwithstanding the growth of culturally centered brand loyalty research, the focus of research today continues to be on cross-cultural differences, often overlooking the generalisable cross-cultural path to consumer brand loyalty. This study instead addresses this overlooked topic of cross-cultural generalisabilities across nations. To assess the cross-cultural generalisability of the conceptual model, survey data from a non-student sample were collected from middle-class, Generation Y individuals of the relevant nationality who have always lived in China, Singapore, or the United States. After performing data cleaning procedures, 541 usable responses from three countries were analysed with the use of the SEM model. The findings show that the personal cultural orientation of collectivism has a positive effect on behavioural brand loyalty through ideal social self-congruity, customer satisfaction, and attitudinal brand loyalty. These findings extend brand loyalty research by considering how an individual’s personal cultural orientation impacts brand loyalty. Moreover, the findings offer marketers increased insight into consumers’ brand loyalty formation process in cross-cultural contexts. The limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also presented.