The main goal of my Master's thesis is to complete , update and deepen the knowledge acquired in courses of Logistics and apply them on a specific example with respect to the discipline (trnsport mode). The whole work is focused on the issues associated with the transport solution for company which dealing with foreign goods. It is a topic that conceals a wide range of theoretical and practical knowledge and skills focused on issues that are the most important for importer as I think. I devoted primarily transport-legal relations ( transport operators , transport contracts , transportation conditions - INCOTERMS , etc.), transport documents relating to shipping from Canada to the Czech Republic , customs and especially the issue of the maritime transport, when I focused on transport unit pricing , the issue of the bill of lading and in fact the whole process from booking of shipping space to unload . My goal is to prepare such a transport solution that would bring BEL, spol . s r.o. reduce the costs associated with it.

Pervasive digitization of human environment has dramatically changed our everyday lives. New technologies which have become an integral part of our daily routine have deeply affected our perception of the surrounding world and have opened qualitatively new opportunities. In an urban environment, the influence of such changes is especially tangible and acute. For example, ubiquitous computing (also commonly referred to as UbiComp) is a pure vision no more and has transformed the digital world dramatically. Pervasive use of smartphones, integration of processing power into various artefacts as well as the overall miniaturization of computing devices can already be witnessed on a daily basis even by laypersons. In particular, transport being an integral part of any urban ecosystem have been affected by these changes. Consequently, public transport systems have undergone transformation as well and are currently dynamically evolving. In many cities around the world, the concept of the so-called electronic ticketing (e-ticketing) is being extensively used for issuing travel permissions which may eventually result in conventional paper-based tickets being completely phased out already in the nearest future. Opal Card in Sydney, Oyster Card in London, Touch & Travel in Germany and many more are all the examples of how well the e-ticketing has been accepted both by customers and public transport companies. Despite numerous benefits provided by such e-ticketing systems for public transport, serious privacy concern arise. The main reason lies in the fact that using these systems may imply the dramatic multiplication of digital traces left by individuals, also beyond the transport scope. Unfortunately, there has been little effort so far to explicitly tackle this issue. There is still not enough motivation and public pressure imposed on industry to invest into privacy. In academia, the majority of solutions targeted at this problem quite often limit the real-world pertinence of the resultant privacy-preserving concepts due to the fact that inherent advantages of e-ticketing systems for public transport cannot be fully leveraged. This thesis is aimed at solving the aforementioned problem by providing a privacy-preserving framework which can be used for developing e-ticketing systems for public transport with privacy protection integrated from the outset. At the same time, the advantages of e-ticketing such as fine-grained billing, flexible pricing schemes, and transparent use (which are often the main drivers for public to roll out such systems) can be retained.

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Collecting load tickets is an example of an antiquated practice that puts inspectors in harm’s way either adjacent to traffic, in close proximity to moving or backing equipment, or at times requires climbing onto trucks to reach tickets. Technology exists to collect this information electronically allowing for safer, efficient inspection methods. Departments of Transportation are charged with inspecting an increasing work load with a diminishing number of inspection staff. Recently, doing more with less has led to the prioritization of inspection activities and resulted in less collection of data and visual inspection on projects. Technology advancements are available to improve data collection and provide for more efficient inspection. Using GPS and GIS technology tied into electronic scale report-out systems, a fleet tracking system traces haul routes, reports travel time and tonnage, and even assists contractors with equipment matching and balancing. Data from this system coupled with other technologies remote monitoring of temperature, intelligent compaction, and network enabled cameras provide an opportunity to enhance inspection and increase construction inspection productivity all the while enriching detail of project records. The contribution of this paper is to provide a framework in which to combine these technologies into a multi-faceted, enhanced inspection approach.

Over recent years, organizations such as the Federal Highway Administration and Departments of Transportation across the United States have showed interest in automating highway construction processes. The addition of e-Construction and other advanced technologies can significantly improve the efficiency and safety of highway paving operations, specifically paving inspections. Activities such as collecting load tickets, tracking pavement lay-down temperatures, and monitoring roller movement are antiquated practices that DOT inspectors perform during paving operations. E-Ticketing, Paver Mounted Thermal Profiling, and Intelligent Compaction were proposed to automate paving inspections and were recently tested in two resurfacing pilot projects in the state of Kentucky. Findings from the projects indicate that the three technologies display great potential in improving safety and efficiency of paving inspections. The contribution of this thesis is to document the research effort, evaluate the effectiveness of the technologies compared to the traditional practices, and discuss the lessons learned for industry practitioners.

本文研究重點在台灣航空票務市場上的銷售通路分析，利用國外市場包括已開發國家美國、日本市場在這領域的趨勢發展，來和台灣國內的市場現況作比較分析；而大陸市場以（上海為主）的引用，則是著眼在兩岸直航業務正大力發展，市場潛力和影響力都有無限可能，因此也特別收集資料作為比較參考的目標之一。也由於票務市場的銷售通路多元發展、多管齊發，在總結歸納下依同業（B2B）和直客（B2C）來作區隔。因二者的通路業務在市場上仍有部份重疊衝突的地方，可透過理論模式的導入分析，清楚得知。特別介紹 E航國內前三大代理批售旅行社在市場通路上的開發建構情況與實際業績佔比的消長比較，都深受各家業者在市場策略的制定和經營重心的支配。 研究中主要以票務銷售的市場通路經營為核心。因此首先利用STP模式來作市場區隔和產品定位，輔以AIETA模式說明，再透過4P+4C的銷售工具和邏輯作奧援解析，清楚明白B2B2C的通路生態鏈的異同之處。利用垂直銜接和水平整合作互補，提高效益的同時，也能降低成本，不論是業者或消費者都能達到多贏策略。在文中又以競合策略理論論述三批售商在通路經營上的轉型歷程所面臨的狀況，雖能研究之前的業績消長和影響因素，但仍需要時間驗證優勝劣敗，端賴往後決策者的經營智慧和執行力。最後再以策略管理中的產業矩陣模式分析，在產業環境中產品通路與營運範疇的公司競爭力，透過SWOT分類出弱勢和威脅落點的策略型態，作最後的總檢視，也將全文研究作一對應結論。希望能更清楚現行的市場通路競爭力不足之處，也可明白未來努力改進強化的方向！ 可以發覺到任何通路、任何市場網際網路的電子商務開發和專業平台的建置已是趨勢，更是現在競爭力爭高下的決戰點！不只是入門的基本配備，也都更持續研發高階進化的功能，以簡化流程、加速大量去化！雖然機位機票的銷售對通路批售商無任何的庫存壓力，但對供應商航空公司卻有無比沉重的時效性負擔！因為機位和飯店是最無存貨價值的商品，起飛後空位價值轉為零。因應配合產品銷售特性，讓我們拭目以待更快速、更高效率的電子商務模式出現。 能有機會親上一線市場通路佈局規劃銷售競爭，結合所知所學和所體驗、所經歷彙整成此一研究，是不可多得的際遇！雖然市場通路銷售歸類畫分為二：B2B，B2C。但就猶如當今的尖端3C產業也是在0和1的程式邏輯中演化銳變成今日超級明星產業，看似簡單其實包含無窮的變化與複雜。 / This research report is focused on analyzing the air tickets sales channels in Taiwan’s airline industry market through the comparison of its evolving trend in the developed country such us United States and Japan versus that in the Taiwan market. Furthermore, Mainland China’s booming travel market is adduced in this research while using Shanghai as the focal city because of the impact and the unlimited potentiality that have been brought onto it by the unfolding cross-strait direct flight service. I particularly collected relevant data for this market with the intension to use it as one of the comparison targets. Moreover, due to the multiple developed sales channels present in the market, I have segmented my conclusion into 2 categories: B2B and B2C. Nevertheless, I adduce theories and models as analysis tool to illuminate the overlapped and conflicting area between the B2B and B2C sales channels. In my research, I also use E-airline’s top 3 wholesalers in Taiwan’s air tickets sales market to explore on how each of its market strategy and business focus attribute to their business performance and market share. The core target of my research thesis is aimed at the sales channels of air tickets. STP model is firstly being used for market segmentation and product positioning; AIETA model is used as a supporting measure. It is then followed by 4P + 4C sales tool to support the logic flow and to illuminate the discrepancy on B2B2C channel chain. The combination of both the vertical link and horizontal integration has served as a complement to increase efficiency and reduce cost. This in return brings forward a win-win strategy that benefits both the general agencies and consumers. In the thesis, the concept of co-opetition is being adopted to discourse upon the situations being encountered by the aforementioned 3 wholesalers during their transitional process. Although my study can focus on the ebb and flow of their performance as well as the co-related attributing factors, it takes time to attest to the survival of the fittest depending on the business operation wisdom and the executing ability of their policy makers. Lastly the industry-matrix model is being applied to analyze the company’s competing edges on the product sale and operation scope in the industry; while SWOT model is adduced as a final review to verify which strategic pattern falls on the quadrant of weakness and threat; this overall derives to the conclusion of my thesis. Hopefully, it will shed lights on the lacking area that lies in the present market sales channels and will illuminate the direction leading to a more prominent future in the industry. It is also worth mentioning that the trend in the e-commerce and professional platform development through internet has inevitably become the crucial factor that leads to success in the competing battle field. Not only the basic threshold, the continual research for advancement, the simplified procedures and the capacity for expansion are all important competing factors. Although the air tickets wholesalers carry no ticket inventory pressure upon themselves, the airliners have to bear the heavy burden of timely sales of their products. Empty airline seat loses its commodity value the moment the aircraft taking off, just like the hotel room inventory which zeros out its value with the past of time. To better utilize the time sensitive products provided by the airliners and hotels, it is foreseeable that more speedy and high efficient sales channels will be prevalent in the days ahead of us through the evolving e-commerce business model. Having the opportunity to involve my research with the forefront sales channel distribution and to intertwine it with the competitive edges in the market based on my personal background and related knowledge is quite a unique experience. Although the sales channels in my research have been segmented into B2B and B2C, the emerging 3C technology will inevitably become tomorrow’s superstar in the industry. Just like the progressive evolution of 0 and 1 equation through the logic flow, something appears easy and simple on the surface may carry an inexplicable complexity of its own.

The progress of technologies obliges us to look for the most effective solutions to optimize design and development process of enterprise. Automated process and crucial events handling makes enterprise’s work quality better and reduces management costs. There is no exception in the segment of public transport too. A similar purpose software modification was analyzed during MunLt development process. Main advantages and disadvantages were compared. This thesis is concerned with use of the newest software development technologies ant tools in software development of passengers’ flows and ticketing system research. Tools for software management and planning were analyzed in this work. They let us to reduce risk and guaranty software quality. Development of the system architecture fulfills all requirements for software documenting. Software quality tested using structural and functional test cases. The final product satisfies all users’ requirements. Faster time-to-market, reduced costs for investment or reuse are reason why we use new software development tools.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The concept of innovation was highlighted and spread during the 20th century under the theoretical framework of theories of economic development, and gradually gained importance as innovation in management, process and product lent positive effects to the economic development of nations, institutions and companies. Considering the increased complexity in the competitive landscape, innovation is the keyword of the post-industrial era, and in order to be achieved by the enterprises, it requires new strategies, capabilities and competencies. In the public transportation sector of Rio Grande do Sul, the impacts of both changes in the market dynamics and emergence of new technologies were felt in the changing demands of passengers and in enhanced requirements by service users and by the (government) concession granting authority. These changes allow us to infer the growing need to gain operational efficiency and effectiveness in an industry that used to show a relatively stable situation. Gaining efficiency in public transport operations becomes the key issue for the carriers. However, how to qualify transactions, and reduce existing inefficiencies? In view of the demands of urban and intercity passenger carriers, an electronic-ticketing system was developed in order to control tickets sale, purchase and use.. This system helps the effective control of operations, improving the management of information and allowing the public transport companies to obtain more accurate data and a more efficient and effective management. This study included analysis of improvements achieved with the implementation of the e-ticketing system in the cities of Rio Grande do Sul categorized as cases α, β, and γ, and it aimed to ascertain whether the improvements in the management of the information provided by electronic ticketing qualify it as an innovation. We collected qualitative data through interviews and document analysis. Collected information was analyzed using content analysis and secondary data was used regarding the amount of vehicles and passengers in the cities covered by the survey. It was found that the characteristic effects of an innovation are in line with the results of e-ticketing in the cases analyzed, making this system a way to achieve innovation. In accordance with the directions set for this work, it is worth emphasizing that it was the impacts of the e-ticketing system that were considered innovative and not the system per se, because the electronic billing is a means to achieve innovation and not an innovation in itself. / O conceito de inovação ganhou ênfase e se difundiu no século XX sob o arcabouço teórico das teorias do Desenvolvimento Econômico e ganhou destaque pela verificação dos efeitos positivos das inovações de gestão, processo e produto no desenvolvimento econômico das nações, instituições e empresas. Considerando o aumento da complexidade no cenário competitivo, a palavra-chave da era pós-industrial é inovação que, para ser alcançada pelas empresas, exige novas estratégias, capacidades e competências. No setor de transporte público do Rio Grande do Sul os impactos causados pelas mudanças da dinâmica de mercado e do advento de novas tecnologias transformaram as demandas de passageiros, fizeram crescer as exigências dos usuários dos serviços e do Poder Concedente. Essas mudanças permitem supor que houve necessidade de ganhar eficiência e eficácia operacional em um setor econômico que possuía uma situação relativamente estável. Ganhar eficiência nas operações de transporte público passa a ser a questão-chave para as empresas transportadoras, mas como qualificar as operações, reduzindo as ineficiências e ineficácias existentes? Ante as demandas dos transportadores urbanos e interurbanos de passageiros, foi desenvolvido um sistema para controlar compra, venda e utilização de passagens denominado bilhetagem eletrônica . Este sistema fornece subsídios para o efetivo controle das operações, qualificando a gestão das informações, permitindo às empresas de transporte público obter dados mais precisos e um gerenciamento mais eficiente e eficaz. O presente estudo compreendeu a análise das melhorias obtidas com a implementação do sistema de bilhetagem em cidades do Rio Grande do Sul discriminadas como Casos α; β; e γ no intuito de verificar se as melhorias na gestão das informações proporcionada pela bilhetagem eletrônica possuem características que a definam como uma inovação. Foram coletados dados de natureza qualitativa por entrevistas e análise documental que foram analisados utilizando-se análise de conteúdo e dados secundários referentes à quantidade de veículos em circulação e passageiros transportados nas cidades abrangidas pela pesquisa. Constatou-se que os efeitos característicos de uma inovação estão em consonância com os resultados da bilhetagem nos casos analisados, fazendo deste sistema uma forma de se alcançar a inovação. Seguindo os preceitos escolhidos para este trabalho é pertinente reforçar que foram considerados inovadores os efeitos causados pela bilhetagem e não o sistema per se, pois a bilhetagem é um meio para se alcançar a inovação e não uma inovação per se.

Aim of this thesis is to evaluate a current state of the company ticketing tool. The evaluation is going to be performed using analytical methods. Enhancement proposals for process tuning and an effectivity increase of operational IT teams are going to be elaborated based on results of analyses in relation to the strategical company targets and ITIL best practices.

In the field of technology, every day new inventions are introduced in the society for promotion human beings life. By virtue of which all the citizens of society are facilitated according to their needs of life style. Most of the people from developed countries are benefited in all ways of life due to their nonstop efforts and struggle in the field of technology. However some are completely denied due to lack of awareness and lacking of technical education in the subject field. The handicapped people are not very well explored in each part of world, especially third world countries by the researchers. So we can claim it, for their weaknesses and so called interest to understand more about the handicapped people worldwide. To understanding about such people will provide us with opportunities to excel in the subfield. There is a big gap between the handicapped and society which causes to cut them off from society. This gap needs to be filled in, while carrying out researches in the desired fields. Our research area is related to ticket reservation machine for the visually impaired people, to make the process easy for them to buy ticket at their own from the ticketing machine. After studying different articles on the subject, it is proved that many inventions have already been done by researchers and others are in progress for helping out the handicapped people. We have presented screen prototypes of the interface of the ticketing machine for the visually impaired people. We collected many hardware devices as one kit which can be use in the machine for the visually impaired users. It will enhance their power of visual sense to perform tasks at their own. There are some principles to follow in building up any system for visually impaired or blind people. If followed these principles in true sense it will facilitate to make new interface designs for interaction with visually impaired or blind users in friendly way. In this way we can overcome the shortcomings between normal and visually impaired people, which will be a great achievement to serve the deprived people.