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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Municipal solid waste management in the North West Province : governance strategies to address existing performance gaps and capacity constrains / Reece Cronjé Alberts

Alberts, Reece Cronjé January 2014 (has links)
In order to address the growing waste concerns facing South Africa, the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) published the National Waste Management Strategy in 2012. The ultimate aim of the strategy is to effect the realisation of the objectives of the National Environmental Management Waste Act (NEMWA). The NEMWA is a sector environmental law based on the waste management hierarchy and its provisions apply to waste management activities in all three government spheres amongst others. The NWMS provides for eight distinct goals with accompanying targets to be met by 2016. Some of these goals and targets speak directly to the solid waste management mandate of local government. Concerns about the capacity of municipalities to see the execution of this mandate however, raise questions about the likelihood of some NWMS goals and targets being met by 2016. The North West Province serves as a case in point where recent reports by the office of the Auditor General have highlighted significant non-compliance in local government with the provisions of the existing waste law and policy framework of South Africa. It appears form these reports that a number of performance gaps and capacity constraints exist as far as it concerns municipal solid waste management. Against this back ground the study questions the governance strategies necessary within the municipalities of the North West Province to: a) address the existing performance gaps and capacity constraints and b) progressively move towards meeting the NWMS goals and targets as far as it concerns solid waste management. The study will explore the objectives, goals and targets of the NWMS against the background of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) and NEMWA, with a specific focus on solid waste management. The study will further review the documented performance gaps and capacity constraints as a far as it concerns solid waste management in municipalities in the North West province, specifically. / M. Environmental Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
152

Municipal solid waste management in the North West Province : governance strategies to address existing performance gaps and capacity constrains / Reece Cronjé Alberts

Alberts, Reece Cronjé January 2014 (has links)
In order to address the growing waste concerns facing South Africa, the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) published the National Waste Management Strategy in 2012. The ultimate aim of the strategy is to effect the realisation of the objectives of the National Environmental Management Waste Act (NEMWA). The NEMWA is a sector environmental law based on the waste management hierarchy and its provisions apply to waste management activities in all three government spheres amongst others. The NWMS provides for eight distinct goals with accompanying targets to be met by 2016. Some of these goals and targets speak directly to the solid waste management mandate of local government. Concerns about the capacity of municipalities to see the execution of this mandate however, raise questions about the likelihood of some NWMS goals and targets being met by 2016. The North West Province serves as a case in point where recent reports by the office of the Auditor General have highlighted significant non-compliance in local government with the provisions of the existing waste law and policy framework of South Africa. It appears form these reports that a number of performance gaps and capacity constraints exist as far as it concerns municipal solid waste management. Against this back ground the study questions the governance strategies necessary within the municipalities of the North West Province to: a) address the existing performance gaps and capacity constraints and b) progressively move towards meeting the NWMS goals and targets as far as it concerns solid waste management. The study will explore the objectives, goals and targets of the NWMS against the background of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) and NEMWA, with a specific focus on solid waste management. The study will further review the documented performance gaps and capacity constraints as a far as it concerns solid waste management in municipalities in the North West province, specifically. / M. Environmental Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
153

An evaluation of the gaps and barriers that exist between the national waste management policy and its implementation in formal and informal urban areas in the Ekurhuleni Municipality, South Africa

Tembon, Mbamuku-Nduku Fayez 10 1900 (has links)
Waste management is a global challenge due to high waste generation resulting from high industrialization, urbanization and challenges relating to the efficient implementation of waste management policies acts and standards. Although South Africa has established a number of good waste management policies and related acts and standards, most municipalities still find it challenging to efficiently implement waste management strategies. Ekurhuleni Municipality is facing challenges with the implementation of effective waste management strategies and compliance to the National Environmental Management Waste Act (2008), (NEMWA) (Act No 59 of 2008). An evaluation of the gaps that exist between NEMWA and the local implementation in the formal and informal parts of the Ekurhuleni Municipality was undertaken in this study. Data on the waste management scenario as collected through questionnaires, interviews and observations revealed that differences relating to the poor establishment of an integrated approach to waste management exist between NEMWA and the local implementation of the act. This was realized through the fact that there is limited community education on waste management, no waste recycling facilities in some residences, irregular and insufficient collection of waste and non compliance with tariff payments for most informal residents and some formal residents. Differences also exist in the waste management strategies between the formal and informal areas of the municipality primarily due to the fact that the informal settlements are mostly unplanned and considered illegal. According to this study, informal residents are not billed for waste management services and as such most of them do not pay for waste management services. To that end, waste is not efficiently managed due to municipal financial constraints. Waste management challenges in Ekurhuleni Municipality are also attributed to lack of or insufficient knowledge regarding sustainable waste management practices and its benefits amongst the waste generators and some waste management employees. / Environmental Sciences / M.A. (Environmental Management)
154

An evaluation of the gaps and barriers in implementing the national waste management policy and its implementation in formal and informal urban areas in Ekurhuleni Municipality, South Africa

Tembon, Mbamuku-Nduku Fayez 10 1900 (has links)
Waste management is a global challenge due to high waste generation resulting from high industrialization, urbanization and challenges relating to the efficient implementation of waste management policies acts and standards. Although South Africa has established a number of good waste management policies and related acts and standards, most municipalities still find it challenging to efficiently implement waste management strategies. Ekurhuleni Municipality is facing challenges with the implementation of effective waste management strategies and compliance to the National Environmental Management Waste Act (2008), (NEMWA) (Act No 59 of 2008). An evaluation of the gaps that exist between NEMWA and the local implementation in the formal and informal parts of the Ekurhuleni Municipality was undertaken in this study. Data on the waste management scenario as collected through questionnaires, interviews and observations revealed that differences relating to the poor establishment of an integrated approach to waste management exist between NEMWA and the local implementation of the act. This was realized through the fact that there is limited community education on waste management, no waste recycling facilities in some residences, irregular and insufficient collection of waste and non compliance with tariff payments for most informal residents and some formal residents. Differences also exist in the waste management strategies between the formal and informal areas of the municipality primarily due to the fact that the informal settlements are mostly unplanned and considered illegal. According to this study, informal residents are not billed for waste management services and as such most of them do not pay for waste management services. To that end, waste is not efficiently managed due to municipal financial constraints. Waste management challenges in Ekurhuleni Municipality are also attributed to lack of or insufficient knowledge regarding sustainable waste management practices and its benefits amongst the waste generators and some waste management employees. / Environmental Sciences / M.A. (Environmental Management)
155

Diagnóstico e avaliação do gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde: estudo comparativo entre hospitais do município de São Carlos-SP / Diagnosis and evaluation of healthcare waste management: a comparative study among hospitals in the city of São Carlos-SP, Brazil

Message, Laura Bonome 02 April 2019 (has links)
Considerando a sua composição e seu risco potencial ao meio ambiente e à saúde pública, os Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) necessitam atenção especial em todas as suas fases de manejo. Dentre os principais geradores de RSS encontram-se os hospitais, que foram o foco deste estudo devido à quantidade, diversidade e periculosidade de resíduos que geram. Estes resíduos podem representar um grave problema caso exista uma ineficiência no seu gerenciamento, constituindo um risco para a saúde da comunidade hospitalar e da população em geral. Partindo deste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar e realizar um diagnóstico do desempenho do gerenciamento dos RSS em dois hospitais localizados no município de São Carlos-SP (Hospital Universitário e Santa Casa de Misericórdia) através de uma pesquisa descritiva-exploratória com estudo de casos múltiplos. Para tanto, as duas unidades hospitalares foram avaliadas de acordo com 72 indicadores que estão inseridos em quatro esferas: 1- Manejo de Resíduos Sólidos; 2- Segurança e Saúde do Trabalhador; 3- Biossegurança; e 4- Sistema de Gestão. Já o diagnóstico ocorreu a partir da observação in loco, de relatos dos funcionários, entrevistas e da análise de documentos pertencentes aos hospitais. Ademais, foram aplicados questionários para avaliar o conhecimento dos funcionários com relação aos resíduos gerados. Foram entrevistados 43 e 87 funcionários envolvidos com a geração de resíduos do Hospital Universitário (HU) e Santa Casa de Misericórdia, respectivamente. Para ambos os hospitais, os resultados obtidos na avaliação dos indicadores foram positivos (\"Excelente\" para HU e \"Boa\" para Santa Casa de Misericórdia), porém verificou-se que as duas unidades de saúde pesquisadas apresentam problemas com relação ao gerenciamento dos RSS, sendo a Santa Casa de Misericórdia a que possui mais pontos a serem melhorados. Além disto, com a aplicação do questionário de percepção dos funcionários, observou-se que não há um conhecimento profundo sobre todas as etapas de manejo dos RSS por parte dos funcionários. Portanto, de modo geral, observou-se que os estabelecimentos avaliados precisam melhorar o gerenciamento dos RSS e promover capacitações e treinamentos aos seus funcionários. Por fim, entende-se que os dados levantados foram relevantes visto que os hospitais são grandes geradores dentro do município de São Carlos-SP e que as informações obtidas neste trabalho auxiliarão na melhoria do manejo dos RSS, trazendo benefícios para as unidades de saúde e para o município. / Considering the composition and the potential risk to the environment and public health, Healthcare Waste require special attention to all its management phases. Among the main generators of healthcare waste are hospitals, which are the focus of this study due to the quantity, diversity and hazardousness of the waste they generate. If its management is inefficient, this waste may become a risk to the health of the hospital community and to the population in general. Based on this, the main objective of this study is to evaluate and diagnose the performance of healthcare waste management in two hospitals located in the city of São Carlos-SP, Brazil (Hospital Universitário and Santa Casa de Misericórdia) through a descriptive-exploratory study of multiple cases. Both hospitals were evaluated according to 72 indicators that are classified in four areas: 1 - Solid Waste Management; 2- Occupational Health and Safety; 3- Biosafety; and 4- Management System. The diagnosis was based on local observation, employee reports, interviews and analysis of hospitals documents. In addition, questionnaires were applied to evaluate the employees\' perception regarding the waste generated. Were interviewed 43 and 87 employees involved in the generation of waste of Hospital Universitário (HU) and Santa Casa de Misericórdia, respectively. For both hospitals the results obtained in the evaluation of the indicators were positive (\"Excellent\" for HU and \"Good\" for Santa Casa de Misericórdia). However, it was verified that both hospitals present problems regarding their healthcare waste management, being Santa Casa de Misericórdia the hospital with more areas to improve. Moreover, with the application of the employees\' perception questionnaire, it was observed that the employees do not have an extensive knowledge about all the stages of healthcare waste management. Therefore, in general, the hospitals evaluated need to improve their healthcare waste management and to promote training to its employees. Finally, it is understood that the data collected were relevant since the hospitals are large waste generators within the city of São Carlos-SP and that the information obtained in this work could help to improve the healthcare waste management, bringing benefits to the hospitals and to the city.
156

Contribuições ao plano de resíduos sólidos do Estado de São Paulo / Contributions to the solid waste plan of São Paulo State

Barroso, Luiz Fernando de Lemos 23 August 2013 (has links)
Os problemas gerados ao meio ambiente decorrentes da produção de resíduos se apresentam hoje como grande desafio, pois podem produzir prejuízos econômicos a curto e médio prazo, pela perda da qualidade de vida e pelo comprometimento da sustentabilidade ambiental. Neste contexto, o poder público tem um papel fundamental na sua gestão e gerenciamento, e assim, depois de décadas tramitando no Congresso Nacional Brasileiro foi sancionada e regulamentada a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), disciplinando um novo modelo de gestão destes resíduos e abordando um conjunto de princípios, objetivos, ações, metas, diretrizes e instrumentos para a implantação de políticas públicas que busquem a não geração, a redução, a reutilização, a reciclagem, o tratamento dos resíduos sólidos e a disposição final ambientalmente adequada dos rejeitos, bem como estabelecendo a responsabilidade compartilhada pelo ciclo de vida dos produtos, entre governo, empresas e sociedade. A Lei caracteriza os planos de resíduos e estabelece que todos os entes federativos e geradores de resíduos devem elaborar seus planos. Assim, foi desenvolvida uma versão preliminar para discussão do Plano Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos em 2011 e os estados procuraram atender o disposto na PNRS, estabelecendo priorização no acesso aos recursos financeiros para os municípios que optarem por soluções consorciadas e a formação de arranjos regionais para a gestão de resíduos sólidos. Insere-se neste estudo o Estado de São Paulo como objeto de pesquisa para elaboração de contribuições ao seu plano estadual. O presente trabalho procura gerar informações que possam constituir-se em instrumento de planejamento, informação e auxílio, contribuindo com a elaboração do Plano Estadual de Resíduos Sólidos do Estado de São Paulo e ao desenvolvimento da gestão dos resíduos sólidos. A metodologia empregada foi feita a partir de levantamentos de dados de fontes primárias e secundárias disponíveis em sítios oficiais na internet e publicações nacionais. Os resultados mostram que pouco se avançou no Plano e na Política Nacional, e apontam cenários de soluções para regionalização da gestão compartilhada dos resíduos sólidos. / The problems caused to the environment from the production of waste is present today as challenging as it can produce economic losses in the short and medium term, the loss of quality of life and commitment of environmental sustainability. In this context, the government has a key role in the administration and management, and so, after decades moving through the Brazilian National Congress was sanctioned and regulated the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS), disciplining a new model of management of waste and addressing a set of principles, objectives, actions, goals, guidelines and instruments for the implementation of public policies that seek no generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, solid waste treatment and environmentally sound disposal of waste, as well as establishing a shared responsibility for the lifecycle of products, from government, business and society. Law characterizes waste plans and provides that all federal entities and waste generators must prepare their plans. Thus, we developed a draft for discussion of the National Solid Waste in 2011 and states sought to meet the provisions of PNRS, establishing prioritization of access to financial resources for municipalities that choose solutions consortium and the formation of regional arrangements for the management solid waste. Inserts in this study the state of São Paulo as object of research for development contributions to state plan. This paper seeks to generate information that may constitute an instrument of planning, information and assistance, helping with the preparation of the Solid Waste Plan of São Paulo State and the development of solid waste management. The methodology used was made from survey data of primary and secondary sources available on the official sites on the Internet and national publications. The results show that little progress has been made in the Plan and National Policy, and point solution scenarios for regionalization of shared management of solid waste.
157

Gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde: entre o discurso e a prática: estudo de casos e pesquisa-ação no Acre / Waste management of health services between theory and practice a case study and research action in the state of Acre

Oliveira, Marconi Gomes de 29 August 2011 (has links)
A proximidade entre a teoria e a prática no manejo dos resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) é fator preponderante à obtenção de um adequado gerenciamento por parte dos estabelecimentos assistenciais de saúde, frente à responsabilidade legal de gerenciar seus resíduos. A discussão que envolve os RSS reside em questões relevantes, tais como: a crescente geração de resíduos; o potencial poluidor e contaminante dos resíduos sólidos; a obrigatoriedade legal de um plano de gerenciamento; o descumprimento da obrigatoriedade supracitada, por parte de muitos estabelecimentos de saúde; e a descontinuidade de programas e ações exitosos. Esta pesquisa analisa o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos gerados na atenção à saúde em estabelecimentos de diferentes complexidades, a partir da análise do discurso e da prática do manejo dos resíduos gerados na Fundação Hospital Estadual do Acre (FUNDHACRE) e na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento Tucumã (UPA-Tucumã), na Cidade de Rio Branco, Estado do Acre. A pesquisa é de caráter exploratório e descritivo. Em 1ª etapa houve um estudo de casos e em 2ª etapa uma pesquisa-ação, através de uma intervenção participativa do pesquisador na investigação; ocorrido de outubro/2008 a fevereiro/2011. Verificou-se que a FUNDHACRE possui um plano de gerenciamento de resíduos em desconformidade com as recomendações e exigências legais; também foram constatadas inadequações em sua prática; enquanto que a UPA-Tucumã, até então, não possuía um plano de gerenciamento. A partir da pesquisa-ação foi proposta uma atualização e ajuste do plano de gerenciamento da FUNDHACRE; também foi elaborado um plano piloto de gerenciamento de resíduos para a UPA-Tucumã. Constatou-se um acentuado distanciamento entre o discurso e a prática no gerenciamento dos RSS nos dois estabelecimentos investigados. Imprescindível maior envolvimento dos administradores para as questões relacionadas aos resíduos; ajustes na prática do manejo dos resíduos; programa de capacitação continuada; atenção especial à segregação, armazenamento, tratamento e disposição final dos resíduos; acompanhamento e fiscalização das ações. Por fim, é importante a somatória de esforços que reúna o conhecimento acadêmico, através das Instituições de Ensino e Pesquisa, ao conhecimento técnico/prático daqueles que são os protagonistas do manejo de resíduos, objetivando a intervenção positiva do discurso na prática do gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde / The closeness between the theory and actual practice of solid waste management in health services (SRHS) is a prevailing factor in obtaining an adequate administration by health establishments regarding legal responsibility in administrating their residues. The SRHS discussion are found in relevant questions as: ever-increasing residues; the potential pollutant and contaminant from solid residues; the legal obligation for an administration plan; the breaking of the above mentioned obligation by many health establishments; the abortion of exit programs and measures. This research analyzes the administration of solid waste generated by health attention in establishments of different complexities, as from speech making to practice analysis of residue management generated at the Fundação Hospital Estadual do Acre (FUNDHACRE) and at the Tucumã health outpost (UPA-Tucumã), in Rio Branco City, Acre. Research was exploratory and descriptive. First stage was a case study and the second stage an action research by the researchers own investigation; october/2008 thru february/2011. The FUNDHACRE has an administration plan for waste that runs against the legal recommendation and demands; also, they were found to be inadequate in actual practice while the UPA-Tucumã, so far, does not have any administration plan. Considering the action research, an updating and adjustment for the FUNDHACRE administrating plan was proposed. A pilot plan for waste management was drawn up for the UPA-Tucumã too. There is a marked gap between the speech making and the actual practice in SRHS administration in both establishments investigated. It is essential that administrators have a deeper involvement concerning residues; adjustment in residue management; continued capacity building programs; special attention to separation, storage, treatment and final disposal of residue; as well as the accompanying and inspection of action. Eventually, the joining of efforts that unites the academic knowledge, thru teaching and research institutions to those leading with technical/practical knowledge in the management of residues is important, aiming at a positive intervention of speech in practice Solid waste management of health services
158

Sistema de gestão integrada de dados para repositórios de rejeitos radioativos (SGI3R)

Fábio Silva 22 June 2010 (has links)
Nenhuma / A implantação de um repositório para rejeitos radioativos é um projeto multidisciplinar que demanda além de especialistas de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, a interação com instituições públicas e privadas, dados e informações relacionadas com rejeitos radioativos, geologia, tecnologia etc. Todas as atividades devem estar em conformidade com as normas, requisitos e procedimentos, incluindo a legislação nacional e internacional. A manutenção dos registros de inventário dos rejeitos é um requisito importante regulamentar e deverá estar disponível até mesmo após o encerramento do repositório. O Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear CDTN está coordenando o projeto para a construção do repositório nacional para o armazenamento dos rejeitos de baixo e médio nível de radiação. A fim de consolidar todas as informações que serão provenientes deste projeto, está sendo desenvolvido e implantado no CDTN um sistema Gerenciador de banco de dados, chamado de Sistema de Gestão Integrada de dados para Repositórios de Rejeitos Radioativos (SGI3R), que também vai gerenciar todos os dados de trabalhos anteriores realizados no Brasil e em todo o mundo sobre este assunto. A proposta é criar uma estrutura de módulos, tendo como base oito módulos: inventário, seleção de sites, tipos de repositório, tecnologia, parceiros, legislação, comunicação e documentos. O SGI3R compreende a integração (inclusão, atualização e exclusão), processamento de dados, padronização e consistência entre os processos. O SGI3R dará apoio às etapas deste projeto, que permitirá a preservação de todas as informações disponíveis, evitando a duplicação de esforços e custos adicionais, melhorando, deste modo, o projeto de planejamento e execução. Adicionalmente o SGI3R permitirá o acesso às informações para todas as partes interessadas. / The implantation of a repository for radioactive wastes is a multidisciplinary project that demands in addition to specialists of different areas of knowledge, interaction with public and private institutions, data and information related to radioactive wastes, geology, technology etc. All the activities must be in accordance with norms, requirements and procedures, including national and international legislation. The maintenance of the waste inventory records is an important regulatory requirement and must be available even after the closure of the repository. The Center of Nuclear Technology Development CDTN is coordinating the Project for the construction of the national repository to store the low and intermediatelevel wastes. In order to consolidate all information that will come from this Project, it is being developed and implanted in CDTN a manager system of database, called Integrated Management System of data for Radioactive Waste Repositories (SGI3R), which will also manage all data from previous works carried out in Brazil and around the world about this subject. The proposal is to build a structure of eight modules: Inventory, Site Selection, Types of Repository, Documents, Technology, Partners, Legislation, and Communication, having initially as base the first four ones. The SGI3R comprises the data processing (inclusion, update and exclusion), integration, standardization, and consistency among the processes. The SGI3R will give support to the stages of this Project, which will allow the preservation of all the available information, preventing duplication of efforts and additional costs, improving, in this way, the Project planning and execution. Additionally the SGI3R will make possible the information access to all stakeholders.
159

Gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde: entre o discurso e a prática: estudo de casos e pesquisa-ação no Acre / Waste management of health services between theory and practice a case study and research action in the state of Acre

Marconi Gomes de Oliveira 29 August 2011 (has links)
A proximidade entre a teoria e a prática no manejo dos resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) é fator preponderante à obtenção de um adequado gerenciamento por parte dos estabelecimentos assistenciais de saúde, frente à responsabilidade legal de gerenciar seus resíduos. A discussão que envolve os RSS reside em questões relevantes, tais como: a crescente geração de resíduos; o potencial poluidor e contaminante dos resíduos sólidos; a obrigatoriedade legal de um plano de gerenciamento; o descumprimento da obrigatoriedade supracitada, por parte de muitos estabelecimentos de saúde; e a descontinuidade de programas e ações exitosos. Esta pesquisa analisa o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos gerados na atenção à saúde em estabelecimentos de diferentes complexidades, a partir da análise do discurso e da prática do manejo dos resíduos gerados na Fundação Hospital Estadual do Acre (FUNDHACRE) e na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento Tucumã (UPA-Tucumã), na Cidade de Rio Branco, Estado do Acre. A pesquisa é de caráter exploratório e descritivo. Em 1ª etapa houve um estudo de casos e em 2ª etapa uma pesquisa-ação, através de uma intervenção participativa do pesquisador na investigação; ocorrido de outubro/2008 a fevereiro/2011. Verificou-se que a FUNDHACRE possui um plano de gerenciamento de resíduos em desconformidade com as recomendações e exigências legais; também foram constatadas inadequações em sua prática; enquanto que a UPA-Tucumã, até então, não possuía um plano de gerenciamento. A partir da pesquisa-ação foi proposta uma atualização e ajuste do plano de gerenciamento da FUNDHACRE; também foi elaborado um plano piloto de gerenciamento de resíduos para a UPA-Tucumã. Constatou-se um acentuado distanciamento entre o discurso e a prática no gerenciamento dos RSS nos dois estabelecimentos investigados. Imprescindível maior envolvimento dos administradores para as questões relacionadas aos resíduos; ajustes na prática do manejo dos resíduos; programa de capacitação continuada; atenção especial à segregação, armazenamento, tratamento e disposição final dos resíduos; acompanhamento e fiscalização das ações. Por fim, é importante a somatória de esforços que reúna o conhecimento acadêmico, através das Instituições de Ensino e Pesquisa, ao conhecimento técnico/prático daqueles que são os protagonistas do manejo de resíduos, objetivando a intervenção positiva do discurso na prática do gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde / The closeness between the theory and actual practice of solid waste management in health services (SRHS) is a prevailing factor in obtaining an adequate administration by health establishments regarding legal responsibility in administrating their residues. The SRHS discussion are found in relevant questions as: ever-increasing residues; the potential pollutant and contaminant from solid residues; the legal obligation for an administration plan; the breaking of the above mentioned obligation by many health establishments; the abortion of exit programs and measures. This research analyzes the administration of solid waste generated by health attention in establishments of different complexities, as from speech making to practice analysis of residue management generated at the Fundação Hospital Estadual do Acre (FUNDHACRE) and at the Tucumã health outpost (UPA-Tucumã), in Rio Branco City, Acre. Research was exploratory and descriptive. First stage was a case study and the second stage an action research by the researchers own investigation; october/2008 thru february/2011. The FUNDHACRE has an administration plan for waste that runs against the legal recommendation and demands; also, they were found to be inadequate in actual practice while the UPA-Tucumã, so far, does not have any administration plan. Considering the action research, an updating and adjustment for the FUNDHACRE administrating plan was proposed. A pilot plan for waste management was drawn up for the UPA-Tucumã too. There is a marked gap between the speech making and the actual practice in SRHS administration in both establishments investigated. It is essential that administrators have a deeper involvement concerning residues; adjustment in residue management; continued capacity building programs; special attention to separation, storage, treatment and final disposal of residue; as well as the accompanying and inspection of action. Eventually, the joining of efforts that unites the academic knowledge, thru teaching and research institutions to those leading with technical/practical knowledge in the management of residues is important, aiming at a positive intervention of speech in practice Solid waste management of health services
160

Gerenciamento integrado de resíduos sólidos: estudo de caso no Instituto Butantan / Integrated solid waste management: a case study for at the Butantan Institute.

Santos, Neuzeti Maria dos 25 August 2015 (has links)
A relevância do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos justifica-se pelos impactos à saúde e ao meio ambiente. Resíduos gerados em serviços de saúde podem apresentar periculosidade por suas características físico-químicas e biológicas. No Brasil, todo grande gerador é obrigado a elaborar o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos, e todo estabelecimento de saúde deve criar o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde. Objetivo: Desenvolver modelo de gestão de resíduos sólidos para apoiar a elaboração e implantação desses planos em instituições públicas de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e fabricação de produtos de saúde. Métodos: Estudo de caso conduzido no Instituto Butantan, localizado no município de São Paulo/SP. Foi realizado considerando as seguintes etapas: diagnóstico do gerenciamento dos resíduos e elaboração, implantação e avaliação de Plano Integrado de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos. Todo o processo teve como abordagem a gestão participativa, compartilhada e integrada, envolvendo todos os atores da instituição. Na avaliação foram considerados o atendimento legal quanto à gestão e gerenciamento, às práticas e procedimentos implantados e à atuação dos envolvidos. Resultados: Destacam-se a caracterização e quantificação para cada fluxo de resíduos, a elaboração do Guia Prático de Descarte de Resíduos, o Modelo de Gestão para instituições de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e fabricação de produtos de uso em saúde humana baseado nas premissas do ciclo PDCA e o sistema informatizado de gerenciamento para estruturação e controle da gestão dos resíduos. Conclusões: Verifica-se que o processo desenvolvido ao longo do estudo propiciou mudança de cultura, envolvimento dos funcionários por meio da capacitação contínua para atuação e segurança do trabalhador e melhoria no gerenciamento dos resíduos, promovendo a redução de custos de destinação e a valorização dos resíduos. / The importance of solid waste management is justified by the impacts on health and the environment. Waste generated in health services can be dangerous due to their physicochemical and biological characteristics. In Brazil, every residue generator is required to produce the Solid Waste Management Plan and every health facility is required to establish the Health Care Waste Management Plan. Objective: To develop a model of solid waste management to support the development and implementation of these plans in public research institutions dedicated to the development and manufacture of health products. Methods: A case study conducted at Butantan Institute, located in São Paulo / SP. The following steps were taken in its carrying out: diagnostic management of waste, and implementation and evaluation of the Integrated Plan for Solid Waste Management. The whole process was approached through participatory, shared and integrated management, involving all actors of the institution. In the evaluation, the legal service regarding management, the practices and procedures implemented, and the actions of those involved were considered. Results: Highlights include the characterization and quantification for each waste stream; the preparation of the Guia Prático de Descarte de Resíduos (Practical Guide for Waste Disposal); the management model for research institutions concerned with the development and manufacturing of human health products based on the premises of the PDCA cycle; and the computerized management system for structuring and control of waste management. Conclusions: It was noticed that the process developed throughout the study led to culture change, staff engagement through continuous training and workplace security, and improvement in the management waste, promoting cost reduction in its destination and recovery.

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