Thesis (Ph.D.)--Freie Universität Berlin, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-262).

The Sandman is a feature-length screenplay adaptation of E. T. A. Hoffmann’s short story "Der Sandmann." The screenplay re-imagines the story as a contemporary horror film with surrealist underpinnings. The script draws heavily on the gothic tradition. It also draws on the German Romantic tradition out of which Hoffmann writes. The theoretical structure of the screenplay owes a great deal to Sigmund Freud’s ideas about the "uncanny" and concerning the Oedipus complex, the repetition-compulsion, and the death-drive. I do not hold slavishly to these theories so much as use them as points of departure. The story: the young Nathan discovers one day that the Sandman is not a fairytale but a very real creature seemingly bent on his destruction. After abusing Nathan and causing the death of his Father, the Sandman disappears, only to return as Nathan moves away from home to begin his studies at university. Nathan, already haunted by the events of his childhood, spirals further and further into madness. The screenplay is followed by two informal essays concerning the approach taken to the construction of the text. / May 2005

The Sandman is a feature-length screenplay adaptation of E. T. A. Hoffmann’s short story "Der Sandmann." The screenplay re-imagines the story as a contemporary horror film with surrealist underpinnings. The script draws heavily on the gothic tradition. It also draws on the German Romantic tradition out of which Hoffmann writes. The theoretical structure of the screenplay owes a great deal to Sigmund Freud’s ideas about the "uncanny" and concerning the Oedipus complex, the repetition-compulsion, and the death-drive. I do not hold slavishly to these theories so much as use them as points of departure. The story: the young Nathan discovers one day that the Sandman is not a fairytale but a very real creature seemingly bent on his destruction. After abusing Nathan and causing the death of his Father, the Sandman disappears, only to return as Nathan moves away from home to begin his studies at university. Nathan, already haunted by the events of his childhood, spirals further and further into madness. The screenplay is followed by two informal essays concerning the approach taken to the construction of the text.

The Sandman is a feature-length screenplay adaptation of E. T. A. Hoffmann’s short story "Der Sandmann." The screenplay re-imagines the story as a contemporary horror film with surrealist underpinnings. The script draws heavily on the gothic tradition. It also draws on the German Romantic tradition out of which Hoffmann writes. The theoretical structure of the screenplay owes a great deal to Sigmund Freud’s ideas about the "uncanny" and concerning the Oedipus complex, the repetition-compulsion, and the death-drive. I do not hold slavishly to these theories so much as use them as points of departure. The story: the young Nathan discovers one day that the Sandman is not a fairytale but a very real creature seemingly bent on his destruction. After abusing Nathan and causing the death of his Father, the Sandman disappears, only to return as Nathan moves away from home to begin his studies at university. Nathan, already haunted by the events of his childhood, spirals further and further into madness. The screenplay is followed by two informal essays concerning the approach taken to the construction of the text.

This comparative project investigates different representations of the sandman between the 19th century and the 20th century. My discussion focuses on Romantic texts, in particular E.T.A. Hoffmann's 1816 literary tale "Der Sandmann." While the traditional scholarship on Hoffmann uses both psychoanalytical and feminist approaches, I show how Friedrich Schlegel's concept of chaos and Jean-François Lyotard's concept of the postmodern sublime help us to understand Hoffmann's complex narrative structure. I argue that in Hoffmann's tale there is no unified sandman figure. However, different storytellers in the tale shape the sandman's various depictions. In a way, the sandman figure becomes a fluid character whose enigma the narrative's structure sustains. Paul Berry's 1991 stop-motion animation "The Sandman" visualizes Hoffmann's narrative. However, the film also reintroduces a unified sandman figure that is characterized by uncanny strangeness. My analyses both of Hoffmann's literary and Berry's cinematographic narrative show that their complex structures allow for ceaseless interpretations. This leads me to conclude that fantastic narratives lend themselves to insightful and critical ponderings.

En grundläggande idé inom romantiken är den om att det finns en annan, sannare värld, som människorna kan ana sig till och indirekt komma i kontakt med. För den romantiska människan gäller det att kunna leva i två världar, att leva i den vanliga, vardagliga, samtidigt som man söker efter den andra, sannare. I E.T.A. Hoffmanns verk bryter den andra, ”övernaturliga” världen ofta in i den alldagliga. Så är fallet i berätteleserna ”Der Goldne Topf” och ”Die Bergwerke zu Falun”. Men trots att huvudpersonerna i berättelserna båda konfronteras med denna andra värld, slutar det mycket olika för dem. Medan Anselmus i ”Der Goldne Topf” kommer till ett underbart, poetiskt rike, Atlantis, går Elis Fröbom i ”Die Bergwerke zu Falun” under. I detta arbete analyseras och jämförs de båda huvudpersonernas möten med den ”andra världen” mot bakgrund av romantiska föreställningar och tankarna kring E.T.A. Hoffmanns så kallade ”serapiontiska princip”.

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Submitted by Jussara Moore (jussaramoore@id.uff.br) on 2017-10-25T12:46:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Sílvia Herkenhoff Carijó.pdf: 629346 bytes, checksum: e85c70af7874624bfac6196ba18877e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Geisa Drumond (gmdrumond@vm.uff.br) on 2017-10-30T14:30:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Sílvia Herkenhoff Carijó.pdf: 629346 bytes, checksum: e85c70af7874624bfac6196ba18877e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-30T14:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Sílvia Herkenhoff Carijó.pdf: 629346 bytes, checksum: e85c70af7874624bfac6196ba18877e3 (MD5) / Esta dissertação analisa o modo como os sonhos são representados no conto “O homem da areia”, de E.T.A. Hoffmann, e discute algumas de suas funções nessa obra. A existência de uma separação entre um mundo dos sonhos e um mundo da realidade cotidiana na narrativa é indicada, e atributos das experiências relacionadas com esse mundo onírico são apontados, além de formas de acesso a ele. No primeiro capítulo, o autor é apresentado, assim como características de sua obra e a ligação da última com os sonhos. Baseados no trabalho de Pikulik (1987), discutimos aspectos centrais da obra de Hoffmann, como: a divisão entre mundo interior (do maravilhoso) – ao qual os sonhos estão relacionados – e mundo exterior (da realidade cotidiana); as diversas formas como essa divisão é marcada; e a relação que Hoffmann estabelece entre esses mundos. Trabalhamos com uma noção ampliada de sonho, que não os restringe às experiências oníricas que acompanham o sono. Assim, seguimos a argumentação de Heimes (2009), segundo a qual os sonhos, em Hoffmann, estão associados a outros estados em que nos afastamos do consciente – como o delírio ou a loucura –, e parecem se relacionar com algo demoníaco. No segundo capítulo, voltamo-nos para o conto “O homem da areia”, apresentando-o e analisando como os sonhos são representados nele. A figura mitológica do homem da areia está desde sua origem associada aos sonhos e recebe, nesta narrativa, um caráter amedrontador. Para ressaltar os aspectos oníricos da obra, partimos da separação entre o mundo dos sonhos e o mundo do que seria a realidade cotidiana no conto – separação essa que demonstramos estar atrelada à ótica de certos personagens. Logo após, assinalamos alguns elementos que marcam e caracterizam as experiências pertencentes ao mundo dos sonhos no texto, tais como imagens flutuantes e alucinantes; intensidade e fogo; e nuvens, fumaça e vapor. Apontamos também que certos personagens e objetos indicam o momento de transição para esse mundo. Neste trabalho, demonstramos que as experiências oníricas do personagem principal apresentam caráter pressagiador, e que essa característica possui ligação com o destino trágico e inevitável temido por ele. Além disso, a divisão entre os mundos é evidenciada como problemática, por conta da incerteza quanto a que mundo atribuir os acontecimentos narrados. Essa característica de não se poder atribuir ao certo os acontecimentos a um mundo real ou a algo ilusório introduz a narrativa dentro do gênero fantástico, segundo os critérios de Tzvetan Todorov (2007). Também mostramos o lado perigoso do envolvimento do personagem principal com o mundo dos sonhos, uma vez que o leva a se desprender da realidade. Esse desprendimento ocorre gradativamente, havendo inicialmente uma oscilação entre os mundos, culminando na loucura do personagem – que comparamos a um grande pesadelo. Analisamos, neste contexto, a contribuição da revivescência de acontecimentos pressagiados em sonhos anteriores para o enlouquecimento do personagem. Por último, trazemos observações sobre a figuração do homem da areia no conto, mostrando sua ligação com o mundo dos sonhos, assim como sua conexão com a morte. / This dissertation analyzes the ways in which dreams are represented in the short story “The Sandman”, by E.T.A. Hoffman, and discusses some of the functions they perform in it. The existence of a split between a world of dreams and a world of everyday reality is pointed out, and features of the experiences related to the dream world, as well as forms of access to it, are indicated. In the first chapter, I present the author along with some features of his work, including the connection between the latter and dreams. Drawing on the work of Pikulik (1987), I discuss some of the central features of Hoffmann’s work, such as: the division between the inner world (the world of the marvelous) – to which dreams are related – and the outer world (the world of everyday reality); the many ways in which this division is drawn; and the links that Hoffmann establishes between those worlds. I employ a broadened notion of dream – one that is not limited to the dream experiences that accompany sleep. I thus follow Heimes’ (2009) argument that, in Hoffmann, dreams are associated to further mental states in which we slip away from consciousness – such as delusion or madness – and that appear to be related to something demonic. In the second chapter, I turn to the story “The Sandman”: I first present it and then analyze the way dreams are represented in it. The mythical character referred to as Sandman has been from its origin associated to dreams, and in this story it is presented as frightening. In order to highlight the dreamlike features of the story, I draw on the division between the world of dreams and the world of what is portrayed as everyday reality in the story – a division that I show to be linked to the points of view of certain characters. I then point out some of the features that mark and specify those experiences belonging to the world of dreams in the text, such as floating and hallucinatory images; intensity and fire; and clouds, smoke and vapor. I also remark that certain characters and objects indicate moments of transition into that world. I further show that the protagonist’s dream experiences function as omens, and that this feature is linked to the tragic and inevitable fate feared by him. Moreover, the division between the two worlds is shown to be problematic, since it is not clear to which of them the narrated events should be assigned. The fact that the events cannot be unequivocally assigned to the real world or interpreted as illusions makes the story an instance of the fantastic genre, according to Tzvetan Todorov’s (2007) criteria. I also show the dangerous side to the protagonist’s connection to the world of dreams, as it leads him away from reality. Such depart from reality develops gradually, there being initially an oscillation between worlds which later culminates in the protagonist’s madness – which I compare to a vast nightmare. In this connection, I also analyze the part played in the protagonist’s madness by the resurgence of events foreshadowed in dreams. Lastly, I make remarks on the way the Sandman is portrayed in the story, showing his connection both to the world of dreams and to death.

Uppsatsen analyserar E.T.A Hoffmanns konstsaga Nötknäpparen, översatt av Ingrid Windisch (1989), mot två andra upplagor av Nötknäpparen, dessa två i bilderboksformat. Den ena bilderboken är återberättad av Anthea Bell men svensk översatt av Gun-Britt Sundström (1987) och den senaste upplagan av Nötknäpparen är återberättad av Rachel Elliot men svenskt översatt av Annika Meijer (2016). Syftet med denna analys är att främst undersöka vilka adaptioner som gjorts ifrån originalberättelsen till de två bilderboksupplagorna. Fokus kommer vara på karaktärer och intrigen i samtliga böcker med stort fokus på vad som bland annat adapterats från den översatta originalberättelsens otäcka innehåll till bilderböckerna. Uppsatsen utgår ifrån en narratologisk och komparativ analys där även begrepp som konstsaga, bilderbok, karaktär, intrig samt adaption kommer ligga till grund för att besvara syfte och frågeställningar. Analysen visar att mycket är lika i de karakteristiska dragen men att det betonas olika mycket i varje bok. Intrigen i Hoffmanns berättelse och bilderboken från 1987 är till stor del densamma dock är bilderboken förkortad och innehåller illustrationer. Bilderboken från 2016 innehåller till viss del samma delar i intrigen men har exempelvis tagit bort delen om prinsessan Pirlipat och nöten Krakatuk. Bilderboken (2016) är mer anpassad efter yngre barn i åldern 3-6 år vilket märks både i karaktärer och i intrig. Det framkommer även i analysen att Hoffmanns berättelse har ett mer detaljerat skrämmande innehåll än övriga bilderböcker även om bilderboken (1987) är relativt mycket mer skrämmande än bilderboken (2016) både i text och illustrationer.

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