No description available.

Electronic article surveillance (EAS) is widely used in shops and libraries together with an RF-tag attached to the goods or books in order to prevent shoplifting. By implementing the addition of a moisture sensor to the RF-tag, other functions become possible, including the ability to use as an alarm with regards to frozen goods, which have been shipped but which have melted and have, subsequently, refrozen. In- relation to care for the elderly, one time-consuming step involves checking whether there is the necessity for a change of diaper and this can, instead, be based on an RF-tag with an EAS-system alarm. A preliminary investigation was made using the moisture sensors, which involved how the resistance changes when liquid and/or heat is applied. A simulation of the LCCR circuit (RF-tag with the sensor) was conducted in order to determine how the resonance frequency changes for different resistances levels. When the moisture sensors are applied to the RF-tag with the correct resistance no alarm will be triggered, but will be triggered when water is added to the moisture sensor. In order for the tag to be able to induce energy from the transmitter in the EAS-system the resistance must be less than ten ohms in relation to the entire tag. Results show that the implementation of the sensor on the RF-tag is possible and that it works in a satisfactory manner. / Elektroniska varularm EAS (Electronic article surveillance) är vida använt i butiker och bibliotek tillsammans med RF-tagg som är fäst på varor böcker för att förhindra snatteri. Genom att implementera fuktsensor till RF-taggen kan den få andra funktioner som då kan användas till larm om frysvaror fraktas har tinat men fryst igen, samt till äldrevården där ett tidsdödande moment är att hela tiden kontrollera om vårdtagaren behöver byta blöja. I stället kan RF-taggen med EAS-systemet larma. Förundersökning gjordes med fuktsensorn som är en sensor för hur resistansen ändras när vätska och värme förs på den. Simulering av LCCR krets (RF-tagg med sensor) gjordes för att se hur resonansfrekvensen ändras vid olika resistansnivåer. När fuktsensorn är applicerad på RF-tagg med rätt resistans triggas inte alarm, men däremot när vatten förs på fuktsensorn. För att taggen ska kunna inducera energin från sändaren i EAS-system måste resistansen vara lägre än tio ohm på hela RF-taggen. Resultatet visar att implementering av sensor på RF-tagg är möjlig och fungerar.

Les rayons cosmiques sont des particules chargées, ainsi que des coproduits comme les photons et les neutrinos, issus de sources de rayons cosmiques galactiques ou extragalactiques. Ils arrivent au sommet de l'atmosphère terrestre avec des énergies primaires allant jusqu'à quelques 10 EeV. Lorsque les rayons cosmiques entrent dans l'atmosphère, ils interagissent avec les molécules de l'air et produisent un grand nombre de particules secondaires, créant une gerbe atmosphérique (extensive air shower, EAS). Accompagné des particules secondaires, une émission de la lumière Cherenkov et de la lumière fluorescence est induite par le passage des particules dans l'atmosphère. L'Observatoire Pierre Auger et Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) sont des observatoires dédiés à la détection des gerbes atmosphériques dans le but de répondre aux questions ouvertes concernant les rayons cosmiques, mais se concentrant sur différentes gammes d'énergie, les plus hautes énergies et les énergies autour de quelques PeV. Après plus de 10 ans d'exploitation de l'Observatoire Pierre Auger, la collaboration Auger a proposé une amélioration des détecteurs de son réseau de surface, appelée "AugerPrime". Le but est d'augmenter la sensibilité à la masse des particules primaires en ajoutant un détecteur scintillateur sur le détecteur Cherenkov à eau. Les deux observatoires sont dits «hybrides» car composés de télescopes optiques observant le développement longitudinal des gerbes et des réseaux de détecteurs de surface échantillonnant leurs profils latéraux. Dans cette thèse, une série d'études contribuant aux projets AugerPrime et LHAASO sont présentées. En ce qui concerne le projet AugerPrime, la présente étude comprend le travail de recherche & développement des scintillateurs et l'analyse de données du réseau de tester. Pour le projet LHAASO, des simulations de télescopes Cherenkov et une analyse multivariée des observations hybrides pour l'identification des masses primaires sont présentées. / Cosmic rays are charged particles, as well as coproducts like photons and neutrinos, originated in cosmic-ray sources inside or outside the Galaxy. They arrive at the top of the Earth's atmosphere with primary energies of up to a few 10 EeV. When the cosmic rays enter the atmosphere, they interact with the molecules in the air and produce a large number of secondary particles, creating an extensive air shower (EAS). The ground-based observation of the EAS can be used to deduce the energy, the arrival direction, and the mass composition of cosmic rays. The Pierre Auger Observatory and the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) are both EAS observatories aiming at solving open questions of cosmic-ray studies but focusing on different energy ranges, the highest-energy and the so-called knee (around few PeV) regions. Based on the experience gained during the operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory for more than 10 years, the Auger collaboration has proposed an upgrade project, called ''AugerPrime'', with the aim of increasing the sensitivity of the surface detector array to the primary mass of cosmic rays. Both observatories employ the so-called ''hybrid detector arrays'' composed of optical telescopes overlooking the longitudinal development and ground detector arrays sampling the signal densities in the lateral direction of the EAS. The ground detector arrays of both observatories are being constructed or upgraded to have various types of particle detectors (scintillator and water-Cherenkov detectors), which allow us to decompose the electromagnetic and muonic components of the EAS. In this thesis, a series of studies contributing to the AugerPrime and LHAASO projects are presented. Concerning the AugerPrime project, the present study includes R&D work of the scintillator detector and data analysis of the engineering array. For the LHAASO project, simulations of the wide field of view Cherenkov telescope array and a multivariate analysis of LHAASO-hybrid observations for the primary mass identification are presented.

Combined Electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) is becoming an increasingly viable treatment option for individuals with sloping severe to profound high frequency hearing loss and residual low frequency hearing. Sound stimulation via EAS is delivered to the high frequency region electrically using cochlear implantation, and to the low frequency region acoustically with or without amplification from hearing aids. This combined mode of stimulation often results in improved speech recognition in background noise compared to either mode of stimulation in isolation. It is important to note that many EAS listeners have some degree of hearing loss in the low frequency region, and may experience associated effects such as reduced frequency selectivity and elevated audiometric thresholds. This study simulated EAS listening in 20 normal hearing listeners by combining vocoded high frequency sound with low frequency sound. Low frequency sound was further manipulated by applying varying degrees of spectral smearing and attenuation to the low frequency region in an EAS simulation, to simulate changes in frequency selectivity and sensitivity that usually accompany sensorineural hearing loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spectral smearing and attenuation of low frequency information on the identification of vocoded speech in noise. Participants were required to complete a sentence recognition task in the presence of competing talkers for six simulated listening conditions with varying degrees of processing in the low frequency region. Results indicated that the advantage for speech in noise of simulated combined EAS over simulated electric stimulation alone was 3.9 dB when low frequency sound was unprocessed, 2.9 dB when low frequency sound had spectral smearing of x3 applied, and 2.4 dB when low frequency sound had spectral smearing of x6 applied. When 30 dB attenuation was applied as well as x3 spectral smearing, no significant benefit was observed. When 60 dB attenuation was applied as well as x3 spectral smearing, a significant negative relationship was found, with a 3 dB disadvantage found for simulated EAS compared to simulated electric stimulation alone. Overall, the results of this study indicate that there is indeed a significant improvement in speech recognition in a background of competing speakers with simulated EAS compared to simulated electric stimulation only. However, when reduced hearing thresholds were simulated for the residual low frequency hearing, we found that this benefit was either absent or reversed. These results therefore support the use of amplification for individuals with reduced hearing thresholds in the low frequencies in order to utilize the benefit they are able to achieve with combined EAS.

The halogenated derivatives of heterocyclic compounds (haloarenes) are highly utilized in many fields of chemistry, including drug discovery, medicinal, and material chemistry. There are a variety of ways to functionalize an aromatic system and introduce halogen substituent into the ring. However, electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) has been the focus of growing attention, particularly for electronrich substrates. Electrophilic aromatic bromination protocols are one of the most important electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. However, preparation of bromoarenes classically recommends the use of highly oxidative agents along with utilizing various metal catalysts in a halogenated solvent. The corrosive and toxic nature of these reagents and need of harsh conditions for these protocols make their utility less desirable in current practice. Furthermore, lack of regioselectivity for most substituted aromatics is the other distinguished drawback, since most products contain ortho/para directors which afford a mixture of isomers. The innovation of our procedure for the bromination of various substituted aromatic compounds is twofold in that highly regiospecific para-bromination of activated aryls by treatment with NBS has been accomplished. Although various reaction mediums, such as cyclohexane, acetone, and acetonitrile has been used in this procedure, the significant high yields of the product formation along with the very short reaction times using acetonitrile make this approach more attractive. That this regiospecific p-substitution takes place under such mild conditions leads us to question whether it is EAS.

Objective of the thesis is to develop a finite element that is effective for simulation of thin-walled behavior, such as in metal forming processes. The thesis includes six chapters and is structured as follows. The first chapter presents the objects for the research. The second chapter introduces background methods which will be incorporated in the solid-shell elements. The third chapter develops an alternative ANS technique and applies it to the solid-shell elements. As a result, in that chapter a new solid-shell element based on the alternative ANS technique is proposed. Elastic applications of the just developed solid-shell element are illustrated in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, plasticity theory and numerical problems in plasticity deformation are presented. The thesis specially concentrates on treating a current industrial problem: spring back prediction. Results in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed solid-shell element. Chapter 6 withdraws conclusions and then makes some remarkable future developments.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of child temperament and its effect on the outcome of conscious sedation using the following agents: Chloral Hydrate (35mg/kg), Meperidine (2mg/kg), and Hydroxyzine (2mg/kg).The Emotionality, Activity, Sociability (EAS) Temperament Survey for Children was used to measure the child's temperament. The temperament survey measures three realms (Emotionality, Activity, Sociability/Shyness). The sedation outcomes were rated using the modified North Carolina Behavior Rating Scale (NCBRS) from 1-4 (Quiet, Annoyed, Upset, and Wild). The final sample population consisted of 34 children, 24 girls (71%) and 10 boys (29%), ranging in age from 0-9 years old (M=5.6 years old, SD=1.8 years old). The sample population showed moderate emotionality (M=2.56, SD=0.96, p=0.5707), high activity (M=4.15, SD=0.72, p=0.2423), high sociability (M=3.63, SD=0.60, p=0.7853), and moderate shyness (M=2.50, SD=0.86, p=0.9930). Of the critical events, local anesthesia (F=74%, M=1.31, SD=0.58) and rubber dam placement (F=77%, M=1.26, SD=0.51) showed the most disruptive behaviors. Correlation results showed no significant temperament influence on overall effectiveness of sedation for the EAS sub-scales. Individual EAS scores, moderate emotionality, high activity, high sociability, and moderate shyness, did not predict the overall effectiveness of the sedation in this population.

<p>Current printable memory technology are not suited for mass produc‐tion. With new inexpensive printed memory, it will be possible to manufacture cheap surveillance tags that are capable to tell the user if something has happened within a timeline. This project is within the ITC FrameProgram 7 founded project PriMeBits. The goal is to imple‐ment a write once read many memory (WORM) onto an RF‐tag together with a sensor that can sense wetness, which can be detected by EAS antitheft systems. Pre researches have been done in the fields printed capacitance, coils and WORMs, all printed with silver ink. Before implementation of a WORM onto a tag simulations and laboratory tests with adjustable resistances were made. Two different circuit models are simulated and tested. When connected to a tag and the WORM is un‐programmed, the EAS system should not trigger an alarm. But if the WORM is programmed by the sensor, the alarm should trigger. Results show that capacitances and WORMs are printable with this technique but coils are not due to high inner resistance. The simulations show that a tag built as an LCCR‐circuit is the best choice. This is also confirmed with tests done with real resistors. With WORMs connected to a tag the results show that approximately 70% of them work as intended, this is because the WORMs as of now are not completely developed. The conclusion of this project is that it is possible to implement a WORM onto a tag with further research, to make an inexpensive surveillance tag.</p> / PriMeBits

Current printable memory technology are not suited for mass produc‐tion. With new inexpensive printed memory, it will be possible to manufacture cheap surveillance tags that are capable to tell the user if something has happened within a timeline. This project is within the ITC FrameProgram 7 founded project PriMeBits. The goal is to imple‐ment a write once read many memory (WORM) onto an RF‐tag together with a sensor that can sense wetness, which can be detected by EAS antitheft systems. Pre researches have been done in the fields printed capacitance, coils and WORMs, all printed with silver ink. Before implementation of a WORM onto a tag simulations and laboratory tests with adjustable resistances were made. Two different circuit models are simulated and tested. When connected to a tag and the WORM is un‐programmed, the EAS system should not trigger an alarm. But if the WORM is programmed by the sensor, the alarm should trigger. Results show that capacitances and WORMs are printable with this technique but coils are not due to high inner resistance. The simulations show that a tag built as an LCCR‐circuit is the best choice. This is also confirmed with tests done with real resistors. With WORMs connected to a tag the results show that approximately 70% of them work as intended, this is because the WORMs as of now are not completely developed. The conclusion of this project is that it is possible to implement a WORM onto a tag with further research, to make an inexpensive surveillance tag. / PriMeBits

Syftet med uppsatsen var att utarbeta och prova EAS-T (Emotional Availability Scales – Therapy), en manual för att mäta emotionell tillgänglighet mellan terapeut och patient i en psykoterapi. Arbetet ingår som en del i projektet LURIPP (Linköping University Relational and Interpersonal Psychotherapy Project). Våra frågeställningar var: * Kan man mäta den emotionella tillgängligheten i en psykoterapi med EAS-T? * Finns det någon korrelation mellan EAS-T och patientskattade processmått?   För att svara på frågorna har vi arbetat med att modifiera EAS (Emotional Availability Scales), ett instrument som används för att mäta kvalitén på relationen mellan förälder och barn, så att den ska passa terapeut-patient-relationen. Vi har skattat videoinspelade sessioner av IPT-terapier (interpersonell psykoterapi) med hjälp av detta instrument. I ett andra steg har vi jämfört vår skattning med patientskattade processmått, som varit tillgängliga via LURIPP: WAI-S (Working Alliance Inventory - Short), Känsloord och med PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire), där patienten skattar sin depressionsgrad före varje samtal.   Resultatet visade att manualen hade god användbarhet, men att det också fanns behov av revidering inom vissa dimensioner. Jämförelsen mellan EAS-T och patientskattade processmått visade att det fanns vissa signifikanta korrelationer och vissa som inte var signifikanta, men ändå intresseväckande. Mest intressant fann vi EAS-T-variabeln icke-invaderande, som visade en negativ korrelation till de andra processmåtten. En mer invaderande terapeutstil resulterade i att patienten upplevde en bättre terapeutisk allians och skattade mer positiva känsloord efter sessionen. Patienten skattade också symptomförbättring till nästa session. Det finns många intressanta frågor som ännu är obesvarade vad gäller emotionell tillgänglighet i terapisituationen, där vi hoppas på vidare forskning!