Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseCCF_DISSERT_Capa_ate_pag154.pdf: 2769369 bytes, checksum: c626ce762a78cd7a788441651bd4922e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-13 / The purpose of this dissertation is the architectural project of the ambulatory complex of the Federal University of Par? in Bel?m. It is a health care establishment whose focus is sustainability, energy efficiency and humanization. This design went through the application of architectural concepts, the study of references (theorical and empirical ones), planning, examining the terrain and its conditions and the preliminay design and resulted in a preliminary architecture blueprint. The empirical research is based on the main building of the Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto in Bel?m, Hospital Sarah Kubitschek of Fortaleza (Architect Jo?o Filgueiras de Lima - Lel?) and Hospital e Maternity S?o Luiz of S?o Paulo (Architect Siegbert Zanettini). Part of the planning is based on the method "Problem Seeking of Pena and Parshal (2001)". During the development process I sought to incorporate sustainability criterias, energy efficiency and humanization. In relation to sustainability the dissertation focuses on the utilization of rainwater for non-potable usage / Este trabalho tem como produto o projeto arquitet?nico do Complexo Ambulatorial do Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto da Universidade Federal do Par? em Bel?m Par?. Trata-se de um Estabelecimento Assistencial de Sa?de (EAS). O trabalho transitou pela aplica??o de conceitos arquitet?nicos, pelos estudos de refer?ncias (te?rico e emp?rico), pela programa??o, pelo estudo do terreno e condicionantes, pela concep??o preliminar, finalizando com o anteprojeto de arquitetura. Os estudos de refer?ncia emp?ricos tiveram com base o edif?cio principal do Hospital Universit?rio Jo?o de Barros Barreto em Bel?m, o Hospital Sarah Kubitschek de Fortaleza (autor Jo?o Filgueiras de Lima Lel?) e o Hospital e Maternidade S?o Luiz de S?o Paulo (autor Siegbert Zanettini). Parte da programa??o arquitet?nica teve como base o M?todo Problem Seeking de Pe?a e Parshal (2001). No processo de elabora??o do projeto arquitet?nico, buscou-se a incorpora??o de crit?rios de sustentabilidade, efici?ncia energ?tica e humaniza??o. Para a quest?o da sustentabilidade, teve destaque o estudo da utiliza??o de ?guas pluviais para uso n?o pot?vel

The relation between temperament and happiness in children aged 8-12 was examined. Participants included 311 students in Grades 4-6 and their parents, recruited from public and private schools in the Central Okanagan. Parents rated their children’s temperament using the Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability (EAS) Temperament Survey (Buss & Plomin, 1984) and rated their children’s happiness using a single-item measure. Children rated their own temperament using the EAS Temperament Survey and the Piers- Harris Self Concept Scale for Children, Second Edition (Piers-Harris 2) (Piers & Herzberg, 2002). Children also rated their own happiness using a single-item measure, the Oxford Happiness Scale, Short Form (Hills & Arygle, 2002), and the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999). Confirmatory factor analyses established that parent and child ratings on the EAS Temperament Survey conformed to the four-factor structure proposed by Buss and Plomin (1984). Multiple regression analyses revealed that temperament accounted for between 9-29% of the variance in children’s happiness depending on the rater (i.e., parents vs. children) and the measure of happiness. Individual temperament variables that predicted a unique amount of the variance of children’s happiness over and above the combined effect of all temperament variables varied with the rater of children’s temperament (i.e., parents vs. children) and with the measure of happiness. Children who were more social, less shy, less emotional, and more free from anxiety rated themselves, and were rated by others, as happier. Children who scored higher on the activity temperament rated themselves, and were rated by others, as happier. The results of the current study parallel results of research investigating the relation between happiness and personality in adults. It establishes a strong relation between temperament and happiness, and iii supports the use of self-reports with children. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. / Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan) / Graduate

n a world of unsustainable growth and increasingly catastrophic climate events, the quest for sustainability is open. Electrochemical ammonia synthesis (EAS) represents an eco-friendly means for green ammonia production. This technology mainly requires electricity, which can be harvested from renewable sources, as its energy input, and can be employed in a decentralized fashion, cutting down transport emissions and complexity. Green ammonia could help humanity as a hydrogen carrier, energy storage and sustainable fertilizer. However, sustainable alternatives are still far from achieving the production rates of the current adopted technology, namely the Haber-Bosch process. The present experimental-based investigation explores the feasibility of implementing a new membrane-less porous walls approach to electrochemical ammonia synthesis. This research mainly revolves around two experimental phases: the first considering a single compartment (SC) cell electrochemical set-up, and the second a membrane-less porous walls (PW) cell set-up. The former was used to gain knowledge regarding membrane-less cell behaviour, which then was applied to the latter, whose aim was to achieve ammonia synthesis. It was demonstrated that this approach can achieve high current densities (707.4 mA cm-2) and high ammonia production rate (1727.9 μmol cm-2 h-1) at -3.1V (cell voltage), through catalytic nitrate (𝑁𝑂3−) reduction, on nickel phosphide sheet cathode, in an aqueous sodium hydroxide electrolyte solution. On the contrary, it shows low faradaic efficiency, only 43%. Even if the results were partially validated by literature and contamination tests, isotope labelling experiments need to be conducted for more reliable estimates. These findings add another promising perspective to the field of electrochemical ammonia synthesis. / I en värld av ohållbar tillväxt och alltmer katastrofala klimathändelser är strävan efter hållbarhet öppen. Elektrokemisk ammoniaksyntes (EAS) är en miljövänlig metod för grön ammoniakproduktion. Denna teknik kräver främst el, som kan förses från förnybara källor, för energitillförsel och kan användas på ett decentraliserat sätt, vilket minskar transportutsläppen och komplexiteten. Grön ammoniak kan hjälpa mänskligheten som vätgasbärare, energilagring och hållbart gödningsmedel. Hållbara alternativ är dock fortfarande långt ifrån att uppnå produktionsnivån för nuvarande teknik, nämligen Haber-Bosch-processen. Detta experimentella arbete undersöker möjligheten att implementera en ny strategi för elektrokemisk ammoniaksyntes genom membranfri porösväggar. Denna forskning handlar huvudsakligen om två experimentella faser: den första handlar om enkelfack (SC) cellelektrokemisk uppsättning, och den andra en membranfri porösväggar (PW) celluppsättning. Den förstnämnda användes för att få kunskap om membranfritt cellbeteende, som sedan applicerades på det senare, vars mål var att uppnå ammoniaksyntes. Det har visats att den just nämnda tekniken kan uppnå högströmtätheter (707.4 mA cm-2) och hög ammoniakproduktionshastighet (1727.9 μmol cm-2 h-1) vid -3.1V (cellspänning), genom katalytiskt nitrat (𝑁𝑂3−) reduktion, på nickelfosfidarkatod i en vattenhaltig natriumhydroxidelektrolytlösning. Å andra sidan visar resultaten en låg faradaisk effektivitet, bara 43%. Även om resultaten delvis validerades genom litteratur- och kontamineringstester, måste isotopmärkningsexperiment genomföras för mer pålitliga uppskattningar. Dessa fynd lägger till ytterligare ett lovande perspektiv på området elektrokemisk ammoniaksyntes.

Species must interact with air—aqueous interfaces in order to transport between either phase, however organic coated water surfaces are ubiquitous in the environment, and the physical and chemical processes that occur at organic coated aqueous surfaces are often different than those at pure air—water interfaces. Three studies were performed investigating the transport of species across air—aqueous interfaces with organic coatings in an effort to gain further insight into these processes. Gas and solution phase absorption spectroscopy were used to study the effect of octanol coatings on the formation of molecular iodine (I2) by the heterogeneous ozonation of iodide and its partitioning between phases. Compared to uncoated solutions, the presence of octanol monolayers had a minor effect on the total amount of I2 produced, however, it did significantly enhance the gas to solution partitioning of I2. Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBC-EAS) was used to measure the gas-phase nitrogen dioxide (NO2) evolved via photolysis of aqueous nitrate solutions either uncoated or containing octanol, octanoic acid and stearic acid monolayers. Both octanol and stearic acid reduced the rate of gaseous NO2 evolution, and octanol also decreased the steady-state amount of gaseous NO2. Alternatively, octanoic acid enhanced the rate of gaseous NO2 evolution. Finally, the loss of aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2) from aqueous solutions saturated with CO2 was measured using a CO2 electrode in the absence and presence of stearic acid monolayers and octanol coatings, and a greenhouse gas analyzer was used to measure the evolution of gaseous CO2 from solutios with octanol monolayers. Enhanced losses of aqueous and evolved gaseous CO2 were observed with organic coated solutions compared to those uncoated. The results of these studies suggest that organic coatings influence the transport of I2, NO2 and CO2 via one, or a combination of: barrier effects, surface tension effects, chemistry effects and aqueous – surface – gas partitioning effects. These results, particularly the enhanced partitioning of these species to octanol coated aqueous surfaces, have important implications for species transport at air—aqueous interfaces, and may provide useful insight for future studies and parameters for atmospheric models of these species.

Species must interact with air—aqueous interfaces in order to transport between either phase, however organic coated water surfaces are ubiquitous in the environment, and the physical and chemical processes that occur at organic coated aqueous surfaces are often different than those at pure air—water interfaces. Three studies were performed investigating the transport of species across air—aqueous interfaces with organic coatings in an effort to gain further insight into these processes. Gas and solution phase absorption spectroscopy were used to study the effect of octanol coatings on the formation of molecular iodine (I2) by the heterogeneous ozonation of iodide and its partitioning between phases. Compared to uncoated solutions, the presence of octanol monolayers had a minor effect on the total amount of I2 produced, however, it did significantly enhance the gas to solution partitioning of I2. Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBC-EAS) was used to measure the gas-phase nitrogen dioxide (NO2) evolved via photolysis of aqueous nitrate solutions either uncoated or containing octanol, octanoic acid and stearic acid monolayers. Both octanol and stearic acid reduced the rate of gaseous NO2 evolution, and octanol also decreased the steady-state amount of gaseous NO2. Alternatively, octanoic acid enhanced the rate of gaseous NO2 evolution. Finally, the loss of aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2) from aqueous solutions saturated with CO2 was measured using a CO2 electrode in the absence and presence of stearic acid monolayers and octanol coatings, and a greenhouse gas analyzer was used to measure the evolution of gaseous CO2 from solutios with octanol monolayers. Enhanced losses of aqueous and evolved gaseous CO2 were observed with organic coated solutions compared to those uncoated. The results of these studies suggest that organic coatings influence the transport of I2, NO2 and CO2 via one, or a combination of: barrier effects, surface tension effects, chemistry effects and aqueous – surface – gas partitioning effects. These results, particularly the enhanced partitioning of these species to octanol coated aqueous surfaces, have important implications for species transport at air—aqueous interfaces, and may provide useful insight for future studies and parameters for atmospheric models of these species.

This report formulates the boundary conditions and discretization method for conducting a simulation of heat with liquids and solids through the finite element method. It introduces the reader to the movement that is due today with optimization of heat transport and mitigation generally described as the fourth generation of district heating. It presents the scope: calculating the heat release from pipes in hydronic underfloor heating, and presents the belonging question: how does heat release from different heating pipe patterns affect the body’s heat transfer? Simulation of the work is conducted with the delimitations of using a single boundary slip condition addressing friction and only using water as pipe flow medium. It focuses on the pattern’s ability to affect the heat to the body, of which characteristically manifests a square concrete slab in the running simulations. By using different cases, it analyses how patterns using the same length of pipes emit their average heat to the covering top surface differently, both as the heating level alternates, and duration for response changes. This meanwhile they are affected by analog boundary temperature conditions.    A sensitivity analysis is done answering how the various patterns tested are affected by change of propagation speed for the flowing medium, showing that a spiral formed pattern with evenly spread piping is the least affected. The results show that the pattern with alternating pipe spacing gives the best average heat emission in the simulated cases. It also concludes that minor changes in the pattern area will have profound effect on the average transferred heat from the body’s top surface.

This by-practice project is the first to provide an extensive investigation of the marginalisation of era appropriate science (EAS) and professional investigators by detective and historical detective fiction authors. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse specific detective fiction authors from the earliest formats of the nineteenth century through to the 1990s and contemporary, selected historical detective fiction authors. Its aim is to examine the creation, development and perpetuation of the marginalisation tradition. This generic trend can be read as the authors privileging their detective’s innate skillset, metonymic connectivity and deductive abilities, while underplaying and belittling EAS and professional investigators. Chapter One establishes the project’s critique of the generic trend by considering parental authors, E. T. A Hoffmann, Edgar Allan Poe, Émile Gaboriau and Wilkie Collins. Reading how these authors instigated and purposed the downplaying demonstrates its founding within detective fiction at the earliest point. By comparing how the authors sidelined and omitted specific EAS and professional investigators, alongside science available at the time, this thesis provides a framework for examining how it continued in detective fiction. In following chapters, the framework established in Chapter One and the theoretical views of Charles Rzepka, Lee Horsley, Stephen Knight and Martin Priestman, are used to discuss how minimising EAS and professional investigators developed into a tradition; and became a generic trend in the recognised detective fiction formula that was used by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Freeman Wills Crofts, H. C. Bailey, R. Austin Freeman, Agatha Christie, Ruth Rendell and P. D. James. I then examine how the device transferred to historical detective fiction, using the framework to consider Ellis Peters, Umberto Eco and other selected contemporary authors of historical detective fiction. Throughout, the critical aspect considers how the trivialisation developed and perpetuated through a generic trend. The research concludes that there is a trend embedded within detective and historical detective fiction. One that was created, developed and perpetuated by authors to augment their fictional detective’s innate skillset and to help produce narratives using it is a creative process. It further concludes that the trend can be reimagined to plausibly use EAS and professional investigators in detective and historical detective fiction. The aim of the creative aspect of the project is to employ the research and demonstrate how the tradition can be successfully reinterpreted. To do so, the historical detective fiction novel A Hidden Life uses traditional features of the detective fiction formula to support and strengthen plausible EAS and professional investigators within the narrative. The end result is a historical detective fiction novel. One that proves the thesis conclusion and is fundamentally crafted by the critical research.