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Women's access to micro credit has increased substantially worldwide. International organizations, non-governmental organizations, commercially-oriented institutions and governments support the proliferation of micro credit programs through diverse funding arrangements, and specifically target women to participate in such initiatives. This dissertation explores women's experiences in a micro credit program in Cairo, Egypt, funded by Save the Children (USA) in order to contribute to the growing debate on women's poverty reduction and empowerment potential. Because women's voices are critical the issues are raised through questions regarding women's situation in micro credit and what factors assist women in meeting their choices and concerns, and empowerment outcomes. / A qualitative research study of women's micro credit groups based in Cairo's Abdeen and Imbeba neighbourhoods was used in order to address women's experiences. In the literature reviewed on micro credit and micro finance, international development paradigms for women, and the socio-economic context in Cairo served to identify important influences. Women's sources of power based in the household were used to develop a conceptual framework. Women's triple roles in production, reproduction and community managing, women's practical and strategic gender needs, and theories of women's empowerment formed the principal elements. / Findings were based on interviews and observation with 69 project participants, including 54 women borrowers, of which 11 interviewed women agreed to a second interview, and 4 key staff members of the Group Guaranteed Lending and Savings program. Numerous assumptions regarding the role of micro credit in the lives of low-income women are reported and analyzed. An exploration of women's experiences reveals that, social issues in micro credit are as important, perhaps even more so, than the economic concerns of the projects. Only through building a more complete picture of women's lives can micro credit programs achieve their objective: to contribute to greater gender equity in society. / Keywords. micro credit; women; informal economy; poverty; empowerment; international social work; Middle East

This thesis comprises the first systematic application of the theory of public goods to the study of the economics of Egypt during the 5000 years of its history. That history has provided an unparalleled experiment under quasi laboratory conditions. From the period of great coincidence that introduced agricultural technology in the Nile Valley, to the present day, that river with its system of irrigation has been an essentially indivisible instrument of production, a public good that has almost always dominated the economy. Over the ages, the country has been controlled by various rulers representing a number of very different civilizations: Pharaohs, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Turks and British. Each new conquest influenced Egypt in its own way and introduced an element of foreign culture. Despite the diversity of these external influences, the qualities of timelessnes and changelessness have never ceased to mark the Egyptian scene. There has been a unique continuity in basic institutions and in the form and functions of government. In examining the economic history of Egypt, marked as it is by this same continuity, the present thesis proves to constitute a confirmation of the theory of public goods.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Dept. of Ancient History, 2000. / Bibliography: p. 475-498. / PART I -- Thesis introduction -- Location, environment and routes of the Western Desert -- Cultural, historical and archaeological setting of Dakhleh Oasis -- Introduction to the vessel typology -- Introduction to the site catalogue -- Technology of pottery manufacture -- Fabrics and wares -- Conclusion -- PART II -- The vessel typology -- The site catalogue. / This thesis analyses a body of largely unpublished ceramic material from Dakhleh Oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt. The material is primarily from the survey of Dakhleh Oasis and the testing of sites by members of the Dakhleh Oasis Project and, except for some Phase 4 material recovered from excavations at Ismant el-Kharab, is unstratified. It covers a thousand years of Egyptian pottery-making from the eighth century BC to the late second century AD. -- A comprehensive survey of published and unpublished material from other sites in Egypt and adjacent regions has been undertaken to acquire comparative material for the pottery from Dakhleh Oasis. In addition, a study of the technical characteristics of the vessels that have remained accessible has been undertaken to describe and explain ancient pottery practices and to build up a framework for comparative purposes. -- With this body of information, a vessel typology divided into two series, each of which are further divided into two phases, has been devised and the chronology of the vessels determined. This ceramic typology has been used to compare surveyed sites of different utilisation - cemetery, settlement and temple sites - and to establish a dating system for these sites. The resulting chronology will be a guide to the determination of future excavations in the oasis and will assist in the on-going study of the socio-economic development of the oasis. The typology also provides a corpus of pottery for the processing of material from future excavations in Dakhleh Oasis and information for other ceramicists working in Egypt and elsewhere. -- The comparative survey of ceramic material from other sites demonstrates that Dakhleh Oasis, although a remote region in the Western Desert of Egypt, maintained contact with the Nile Valley and more distant areas. It also shows that, while this interaction influenced local pottery styles, the oasis retained and developed its own pottery traditions. -- In addition, a preliminary analysis has been made of fabrics and clays for descriptive purposes and to increase knowledge of the ancient ceramics from the oasis. -- A database has also been built to store and manipulate the information on this extensive body of ceramic material from Dakhleh Oasis. The pottery drawings have been produced in a format readily accessible for electronic transfer to researchers in the field of Egyptian ceramics. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / 498, [199] p. ill. (some col.), maps

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007. / Thesis Advisor(s): Russell, James A. ; Khan, Feroz. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-107). Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Div.)--St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-150).

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007. / Thesis Advisor(s): Russell, James A. ; Khan, Feroz. "December 2007." Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Apr 11, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-107).

Thèse--Université de Paris. / "Bibliographie": [vii]-ix.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Social Anthropology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 345-366). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR29525

Texte remanié de: Th. Ph. D.--Classical archaeology--University of Oxford, 1988. / Bibliogr. p. 326-333. Index.