El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de tuberculosis bovina en el distrito de Végueta, provincia de Huaura para los años 2001 y 2002 teniendo como base el Reglamento para el Control y Erradicación de la Tuberculosis Bovina, DS-31-2000 AG. El monitoreo se realizó a un total de 3240 y 3230 bovinos para los años 2001 y 2002 respectivamente, en animales mayores de cuatro semanas de edad. Las pruebas utilizadas fueron la de intradermoreacción tuberculina (PPD), tanto la prueba caudal como la doble comparativa en la tabla del cuello para la confirmación . Los resultados obtenidos fueron de cuatro casos positivos a la prueba caudal, 0.1235%, de los cuales un caso resultó positivo a la prueba doble comparativa, en el año 2001. En el año 2002 resultaron dos casos positivos a la prueba ano caudal, 0.0619%, de los cuales ambos resultaron positivos a la prueba doble comparativa. / This paper had the goal of determining the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the district of Végueta, province of Huaura, in the years 2001 and 2002, having as a base the regulations for the bovine tuberculosis control and eradication, D.S.-31-2000 AG. The monitoring was made among a total of 3240 and 3230 bovines in the years 2001 and 2002, respectively, of all ages older than 4 week old. The testing for bovine tuberculosis wade made using the PPD skin test, both the caudal tuberculin test (CFT) and the comparative cervical tuberculin test (CCT) for confirmation. About the results, in the year 2001 the caudal tuberculin test showed 4 positive cases, 0.1235%.One of these cases was positive to the comparative cervical tuberculin test, too. In the year 2002, the caudal fold tuberculin test showed 2 positive cases, that were positive to the comparative cervical tuberculin test, too.

La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad mental que deteriora las emociones, los pensamientos y el comportamiento del individuo, logrando alterar su vida de forma total. La familia es quien asume el soporte fundamental para el cuidado de estas personas, sin embargo consecuente a su rol se ven afectados al máximo durante la convivencia familiar. Frente a lo mencionado se ve conveniente, conocer la situación real de las familias a cargo de una persona con esquizofrenia, con la intención de hacer visible las dificultades que experimenta y plantear estrategias para mejorar la calidad de vida familiar. En tal perspectiva, se realiza una investigación sobre: “Vivencias de la Familia Frente al Cuidado de una Persona con Esquizofrenia, Atendida en el Hospital Hermilio Valdizán, Enero – Febrero 2010”, con el objetivo de comprender las experiencias vividas por la familia a cargo de estas personas. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo (descriptivo-analítico), de enfoque fenomenológico, donde se utilizó como técnica la entrevista a profundidad, que permitió conocer de manera completa, detallada y profunda las circunstancias o hechos experimentados por la familia. La muestra, elegida de manera intencional, estuvo conformada por 19 miembros de familia de 9 pacientes varones y 10 mujeres, los sujetos entrevistados en su mayoría fueron madres y padres de dichos pacientes. Del análisis de la información obtenida, se identificaron códigos sustantivos, los cuales se agruparon con el fin de formar las categorías. / Schizophrenia is a mental disease that impairs the emotions, thoughts and behavior of the individual, making life altering its overall shape. The family is who takes the fundamental support for the care of these people, though consistent with their role are affected the most during the family life. Faced with the above is desirable to know the real situation of households headed by a person with schizophrenia, with the intention of making visible the difficulties experienced and lay out strategies to improve the quality of family life. In this perspective, is conducting research on "Experiences of the Family Against the care of someone with schizophrenia, treated at the Hospital Hermilio Valdizán, January-February 2010, with the goal of understanding the experiences of the dependent family of these people. This is a qualitative (descriptive and analytical), phenomenological approach, which was used as a technique in-depth interviews, which allowed us a complete, detailed and profound facts or circumstances experienced by the family. The exhibition, chosen intentionally, was comprised of 19 members of family of 9 male and 10 female patients, the subjects interviewed were mostly parents of such patients. An analysis of the information obtained, substantive codes were identified, which were grouped in order to form categories.

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Texte remanié de: Magisterarbeit--Freiburg im Breisgau, 1999. / Bibliogr. p. 122-129. Notes bibliogr. Index.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Grenoble 2, 2000. Titre de soutenance : L'Apocalypse des ducs de Savoie : spiritualité et pouvoirs princiers dans l'art gothique. / Bibliogr. p. 334-362. Index. CTHS = Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-38).

Buildings worldwide account for 40 % of the total energy use. Climate change is of increasing importance, but few are willing to reduce their standard of living or get a higher cost for the change. Energy efficiency of existing buildings gives the greatest benefit economically and environmentally.   The real estate company Klövern AB manages 46 properties in Karlstad. Heating is the major cost of the total operating costs of real estate. Rising energy prices increase the need for Klövern AB to improve energy efficiency and to investigate alternative sources of heat. The report's purpose is to explore alternative sources of heat for Hammaren 21, one of Klövern's properties that currently have direct electricity. A new system is investigated from an economic and sustainability aspect. The goal is to present a result that can be used as a basis for future investments to Klövern AB.   The economic analysis is done by calculating the total cost over 20 years with an LCC (Life Cycle Cost) in present value. This calculation is done by using three possible scenarios, where the discount rate, inflation and price rise of energy are varied from a normal case, which is considered as the most likely, and a low and a high price trend.   Sustainability analyzes the carbon impact and resource consumption with resect of MWh fuel.   The total energy demand for heating the properties is 231 000 kWh / year, which corresponds to 119 kWh / m2. The cost of heating and hot water is 206 000 SEK / year. District heating has a lower investment cost and a higher annual cost compared with geothermal heating, which has reversed costs.   The most economical option is to install geothermal heating, with one heat pump per property. It provides an annual saving of 76% of operating costs, and total savings during 20 years from 1 000 000 SEK to 2 920 000 SEK. Geothermal heating can also be used to cool the premises. Installation of district heating gives annual savings of 39% of operating costs and total cost savings over 20 years from  780 000 SEK to 1 830 000 SEK.  Pay-off for district heating is 4 years and for geothermal 7 years.   District heating is the best choice from a sustainability aspect. District heating gives reduced carbon emissions of 203 tons of CO2 / year and a reduction in resource consumption by 481 MWh of fuel. The corresponding figures for geothermal heating are 173 tons of CO2 / year and 421 MWh of fuel. / Byggnader i världen står för 40 % av den totala energianvändningen. Klimatförändringar får allt större betydelse, men få är villiga att dra ner på sin levnadsstandard eller få högre kostnader för förändringarna. Genom att energieffektivisera det befintliga fastighetsbeståndet ges de största vinsterna ekonomiskt och miljömässigt.   Fastighetsbolaget Klövern AB förvaltar 46 fastigheter i Karlstad Kommun. Uppvärmning är den största utgiften av de totala driftskostnaderna för fastigheter. Stigande energipriser ökar behovet för Klövern AB att energieffektivisera och utreda alternativa värmekällor. Rapportens syfte är att undersöka alternativa värmekällor för Hammaren 21, en av Klöverns fastigheter som idag har direktverkande el. Ett nytt system utreds ur en ekonomisk och hållbarhetsmässig aspekt. Målet är att kunna presentera ett resultat som kan användas som beslutsunderlag hos Klövern AB.   Den ekonomiska analysen sker genom att beräkna totalkostnaden över 20 år med en LCC (LifeCycleCost) i nuvärde, vilket innebär att summan räkas om till dagens penningvärde. Denna beräkning utförs med tre möjliga scenarier, där kalkylränta, inflation och prisökning på energi varieras utifrån ett normalfall, som anses som det mest troliga, samt låg- och hög prisutveckling.   Hållbarhetsaspekten analyserar koldioxidpåverkan samt resursåtgång med avseende på MWh bränsle.   Fastigheternas totala energibehov för värme är 228 000 kWh/år vilket motsvarar 117 kWh/m2. Kostnaden för uppvärmning och tappvarmvatten är 204 000 kr/ år. Fjärrvärme har en lägre investeringskostnad och en högre årskostnad jämfört med bergvärme, där det omvända gäller.   Det mest ekonomiskt lönsamma valet är att installera bergvärme, med en värmepump per fastighet. Detta ger en årlig besparing på 75 % av driftskostnaderna, och total kostnadsbesparing under 20 år mellan 800 000 och 2 700 000 kr. Bergvärmen kan även utnyttjas till att kyla lokalerna. Installation av fjärrvärme ger en årlig besparing av driftkostnaderna på 39 % och en total kostnadsbesparing över 20 år mellan 780 000 kr och 1 830 000 kr.  Pay-off för fjärrvärme är 4 år och för bergvärme 7 år.   Fjärrvärme är bästa valet ur en hållbarhetsaspekt. Fjärrvärme ger ett minskat koldioxidutsläpp på 203 ton CO2/år och en minskad resursåtgång på 481 MWh bränsle. Motsvarande siffror för bergvärme är 173 ton CO2/år respektive 421 MWh bränsle.

This thesis analyzes the process of abandonment of the El Diablo group located in the site of El Zotz in Petén, Guatemala. I use the study of the process of abandonment applied often by anthropologists and archaeologists as a model to understand how societies abandon cities, towns and small villages. In this thesis, I begin by trying to understand the history of the group. Based on data collected during three seasons of the El Zotz Archaeological Project, I established that the El Diablo group was a Civic-Ceremonial compound, which was started during the beginning of the Early Classic period (250 to 450 AD). After two hundred years of success the civic and ceremonial compound of El Diablo was abandoned. In my research, I conclude that abandonment of the group occurred approximately at the end of the Early Classic period (400 to 450 AD) and that this process was a planned decision made by the elite of El Zotz. / text

Recent scientific investigations of sub-millennial paleoceanographic variability have attempted to use the population statistics of single planktic foraminiferal δ18O in an attempt to characterize the variability of high-frequency signals such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, this approach is complicated by the relatively short lifespan of individual foraminifera (~2-4 weeks) compared to the time represented by a sediment sample of a marine core (decades to millennia). The resolving ability of individual foraminiferal analyses (IFA) is investigated through simulations on an idealized virtual sediment sample. We focus on ENSO-related sea-surface temperatures (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean (Niño3.4 region). We constrain uncertainties on the range and standard deviation associated with the IFA technique using a bootstrap Monte Carlo approach. Sensitivity to changes in ENSO amplitude and frequency and the influence of the seasonal cycle on IFA are investigated through the construction of synthetic time series containing different characteristics of variability. We find that the standard deviation and range of the population of individual foraminiferal δ18O may be used to detect ENSO amplitude changes at particular thresholds (though the uncertainty in range is much larger than in standard deviation); however, it is highly improbable that IFA can resolve changes in ENSO frequency. We also determine that the main driver of the IFA signal is ENSO amplitude as opposed to changes in the seasonal cycle although this is specific to Niño3.4 where the SST response to ENSO is maximal. Our results suggest that rigorous uncertainty analysis is crucial to the proper interpretation of IFA data and should become a standard in individual foraminiferal studies. / text

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