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This study describes the construction of a high vacuum station and the instrumentation and testing of two methods for obtaining the first derivative of the current-voltage characteristic of a Langmuir Probe, which is needed to determine the electron speed distribution in rare gases. The theory behind using a lock-in amplifier differentiator to obtain the derivative of the I-V characteristic of a Langmuir Probe is derived and discussed. A test was devised to check the instrumentation for correct operation. / M.S.

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Mémoire (M. Sc.A.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1985. / Bibliogr.: f. [94]-99. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Το έργο αφορά στη μελέτη ενός πλάσματος Αζώτου εκκένωσης διηλεκτρικού φράγματος σε ατμοσφαιρική πίεση με διπλό στόχο: Πρώτον, την καλύτερη κατανόηση των φυσικοχημικών μηχανισμών που διέπουν αυτές τις εκκενώσεις, και στη συνέχεια την εφαρμογή αυτών στην επεξεργασία της επιφάνειας μεταλλικών υλικών. Συνεπώς η προσέγγιση στο πρόβλημα θα αναλυθεί λεπτομερώς με βάση δύο συμπληρωματικούς τομείς: - Μοντελοποίηση και Αριθμητική Εξομοίωση - Πειραματική Μελέτη. Το ψυχρό πλάσμα μιας εκκένωσης σε ατμοσφαιρική πίεση παρέχει μια σημαντική τεχνολογική καινοτομία: σπάει το φράγμα της τεχνολογίας κενού στην οποία βασίζονται οι τεχνικές πλάσματος χαμηλής πίεσης. Έτσι το ψυχρό πλάσμα μιας εκκένωσης σε ατμοσφαιρική πίεση παρουσιάζει σημαντικό βιομηχανικό ενδιαφέρον στο πλαίσιο της επεξεργασίας υλικών χαμηλής προστιθέμενης αξίας. Σε αυτή τη μελέτη, η επεξεργασία λαμβάνει χώρα υπό συνθήκες χωρικής μετα-εκκένωσης. Έτσι τα προϊόντα της εκκένωσης (και ιδιαίτερα τα ενεργά σωμάτια) αποστέλλονται, με βάση τη γεωμετρία του αντιδραστήρα και τη ροή του αερίου, εκτός του χώρου μεταξύ των ηλεκτροδίων.Μια τέτοια διάταξη επιτρέπει την επεξεργασία τμημάτων μεγάλων διαστάσεων ή ακόμα και τμημάτων που παρουσιάζουν καμπυλότητες. Επιτρέπει επίσης μια συνεχή βιομηχανική διεργασία κατά τα πρότυπα μιας γραμμής παραγωγής. Τα υλικά που μελετήθηκαν είναι κράματα μετάλλων Αl-2024 και TiA6V4, με βάση το αλουμίνιο και το τιτάνιο αντίστοχα. Χρησιμοποιούνται ευρέως στη βιομηχανία της αεροναυπηγικής που αντιπροσωπεύει ένα σημαντικό μέρος της οικονομικής δραστηριότητας στη Νοτιοδυτική Γαλλία και ειδικά στην περιοχή του Pau. ο σκοπός της επεξεργασίας είναι να καταστεί συμβατή η επιφάνειa με τις βιομηχανικές διεργασίες κολλήσεων και βαφών. / This work deals with an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in Nitrogen in a double goal: To give insight into the physicochemical mechanisms that dominate in such a discharge and to apply such a discharge in the surface treatment of metal-alloy samples. This thesis investigates the aforementioned topic via two complementary approaches: Συνεπώς η προσέγγιση στο πρόβλημα θα αναλυθεί λεπτομερώς με βάση δύο συμπληρωματικούς τομείς: - Numerical Modeling and Simulation - Experimental Study The cold plasma generated by an atmospheric pressure electrical discharge holds a significant technological advantage: it breaks the vacuum technology barrier which is the cornerstone of traditional low pressure plasma techniques. Thus, the atmospheric pressure cold plasma appears interesting for industrial surface treatment applications and especially in the case of low added value materials. In this thesis, the surface treatment application takes place in spatial afterglow conditions: the dielectric barrier discharge’s effluents are guided, based on the dedicated reactor design and the elevated gas flow values here used out, of the inter-electrode space. These experimental features permit the surface treatment of large samples or even the treatment of pieces of arbitrary geometries (eg. concave, …). Such a set-up also makes possible a continuous industrial process under the production line standards. The materials that were investigated in the framework of this thesis are the metallic alloys Αl-2024 and TiA6V4, on the basis of Aluminum and Titanium respectively. They are used frequently in aerospace and aeronautical design and engineering which represent an important part of the industrial activity in the South – West part of France and especially in the region of Pau. The purpose of their surface treatment by the atmospheric pressure DBD plasma spatial afterglow was to render them compatible with the industrial processes related to adhesion and painting.

A faísca eletrocirúrgica é o fenômeno que rege os principais efeitos da eletrocirurgia, o corte e a fulguração. Trabalhos anteriores forneceram evidências de que o processo da faiscância gera assimetrias importantes em corrente e tensão, a despeito da presença de capacitores nos circuitos do paciente. Tais assimetrias podem causar queimaduras eletrolíticas ou eletroestimulações indesejadas. Este trabalho investiga as características da deflagração da faísca, a quebra de rigidez dielétrica neste tipo de descarga elétrica, em espaços submilimétricos e em relação às geometrias, materiais e meio envolvidos na eletrocirurgia. Foi possível associar qualitativamente os valores dc aos valores ac de trabalhos anteriores. Esta associação e as peculiaridades da faísca eletrocirúrgica são discutidas aqui. Também são apresentadas as alterações que podem surgir nos processos de faiscância devido a alterações do tecido orgânico quando dessecado. / Electrosurgical spark is the phenomenon that rules the main effects of electrosurgery, cut and fulguration. Previous studies have shown evidences that electrosurgical sparkling generates important voltages and currents asymmetries, despite the presence of the dc protection capacitance at the patient circuit. Those asymmetries can lead to undesirable electrostimulation and dc burns. The present study has investigated the characteristics of the beginning of the spark, or the very moment of its breakdown, according to electrodes geometries, submilimetric gap distances, atmosphere temperature, pressure and humidity conditions, and electrodes materials. It was possible to notice a qualitative resemblance between the dc breakdown and the ac characteristics from previous studies. This association and peculiarities of the electrosurgical sparks and organic electrodes material influence are analyzed. Furthermore, characteristics such as alterations that can take place during sparkling processes due to changes in organic tissue when it gets dried are also presented and analyzed.

A faísca eletrocirúrgica é o fenômeno que rege os principais efeitos da eletrocirurgia, o corte e a fulguração. Trabalhos anteriores forneceram evidências de que o processo da faiscância gera assimetrias importantes em corrente e tensão, a despeito da presença de capacitores nos circuitos do paciente. Tais assimetrias podem causar queimaduras eletrolíticas ou eletroestimulações indesejadas. Este trabalho investiga as características da deflagração da faísca, a quebra de rigidez dielétrica neste tipo de descarga elétrica, em espaços submilimétricos e em relação às geometrias, materiais e meio envolvidos na eletrocirurgia. Foi possível associar qualitativamente os valores dc aos valores ac de trabalhos anteriores. Esta associação e as peculiaridades da faísca eletrocirúrgica são discutidas aqui. Também são apresentadas as alterações que podem surgir nos processos de faiscância devido a alterações do tecido orgânico quando dessecado. / Electrosurgical spark is the phenomenon that rules the main effects of electrosurgery, cut and fulguration. Previous studies have shown evidences that electrosurgical sparkling generates important voltages and currents asymmetries, despite the presence of the dc protection capacitance at the patient circuit. Those asymmetries can lead to undesirable electrostimulation and dc burns. The present study has investigated the characteristics of the beginning of the spark, or the very moment of its breakdown, according to electrodes geometries, submilimetric gap distances, atmosphere temperature, pressure and humidity conditions, and electrodes materials. It was possible to notice a qualitative resemblance between the dc breakdown and the ac characteristics from previous studies. This association and peculiarities of the electrosurgical sparks and organic electrodes material influence are analyzed. Furthermore, characteristics such as alterations that can take place during sparkling processes due to changes in organic tissue when it gets dried are also presented and analyzed.

Orientador: Munemasa Machida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T18:26:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronchi_Gilson_M.pdf: 6202845 bytes, checksum: e9580b7846e57a9eb526cdf45b808564 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O conhecimento das condições para ruptura de gases e a formação de plasma são questões importantes, não apenas de interesse fundamental, mas também para muitas aplicações, tais como em deposição de filmes finos de óxido ou polímeros, limpeza de superfície de materiais ou implantação iônica, por exemplo. A ruptura de gases descrita pela lei de Paschen com a teoria de Townsend, na qual a tensão de ruptura é uma função do produto da pressão p do gás pela distância d entre os eletrodos, proporciona uma adequada descrição em certas condições, em gases sob baixa pressão, quando a distância entre os eletrodos é muito menor que o raio R dos mesmos. A medida que a razão desses valores aumenta, as curvas de Paschen são deslocadas para regiões de tensão de ruptura mais elevadas, bem como para valores pd mais elevados. Investigamos aqui, os motivos e as consequências desse fenômeno, bem como uma proposta de lei de escalas capaz de determinar a tensão de ruptura em condições distintas de descargas. Tal lei de escalas obtida empiricamente faz uso, além da pressão e distância dos eletrodos, da razão R/d, que surge naturalmente ao se considerar o processo de difusão na descarga. Discutimos ainda sobre as principais técnicas de diagnósticos aplicáveis ao plasma, para obtenção, por exemplo, das temperaturas e densidades eletrônicas/iônicas. Em particular, revisamos as técnicas de espectroscopia e sonda de Langmuir, que são técnicas importantes amplamente utilizadas / Abstract: The understanding of the gas breakdown mechanism and plasma formation are important issues not only of fundamental interests, but also for many applications such as oxide thin films or polymers deposition, surface cleaning and ion implantation, for example. The breakdown described by Paschen¿s law with Townsend¿s theory, where the breakdown voltage is a function of the product of the gas pressure p and the gap distance d, provides a very accurate description under certain conditions as in low pressure gases when the distance between the electrodes is much smaller than its radius R. As the ratio d/R increases, the Paschen curves are shifted to regions of higher breakdown voltage, as well as higher pd values. In this work we investigate the reasons and consequences of this phenomenon, as well as a scaling law capable of determining the breakdown voltage of discharges in different conditions. This scalling law, obtained empirically, uses the gas pressure, the electrodes gap distance and the ratio R/d, which arises naturally when one consider the diffusion process in the discharge. We also discuss the main diagnostic techniques applicable to plasma to obtain, for example, temperature and electronic/ionic density. In particular, we review the techniques of spectroscopy and Langmuir probe, which are important techniques widely used / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física

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Collective title supplied from typewritten manuscript of the thesis / Includes bibliographical references. / Incomplete (lacks pts. v-viii) / 15 items (14 items bound) : / Typescript, reprints / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Consists of a thesis (ms. typescript, hand written corrections) and reprints of collateral research papers submitted for the D.Sc. degree to the University of Adelaide by Brose / Thesis (D.Sc.)--University of Adelaide, 1931