Orientador: Felix Guillermo Reyes Reyes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T15:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maciel_RaquelApratto_M.pdf: 938949 bytes, checksum: 248a32d15aed7abd02f0ac036eb29872 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: As doenças cardiovasculares ocupam o primeiro lugar em causas de morte no mundo e, segundo pesquisas, estas podem estar associadas ao estresse oxidativo - desequilíbrio entre produção de radicais livres e defesas antioxidantes. O tratamento e prevenção não farmacológico, dessas doenças, preconizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), considerando os hábitos alimentares, consiste em aumentar o consumo de frutas, hortaliças, cereais integrais e grãos, devido as suas propriedades antioxidantes, assim como aos efeitos fisiológicos das fibras alimentares também presentes nessas fontes alimentares. Por outro lado, estudos mostram que algumas substâncias xenobióticas podem estar presentes nos alimentos, como por exemplo, os inseticidas piretróides, aumentando o risco do desenvolvimento ou agravamento de alterações cardiovasculares e, ao mesmo tempo, desestruturando as defesas antioxidantes e produzindo radicais livres nocivos às células, colocando em risco a saúde humana. É inquestionável a necessidade do uso de agrotóxicos na produção agrícola, em programas de saúde pública, na saúde animal, bem como na silvicultura. O não cumprimento da legislação em vigor tem sido uma realidade preocupante, pois coloca em risco a saúde dos trabalhadores que manipulam essas substâncias, as pessoas que consomem os alimentos e o ecossistema. Assim, pesquisas que dimensionem os efeitos adversos que os agrotóxicos podem causar na saúde humana, contribuem com o cumprimento da legislação específica e, até mesmo, na atualização da mesma. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a exposição aguda, por via oral, de deltametrina, agrotóxico da classe dos piretróides, na excitação e condução cardíaca e no estresse oxidativo em ratos Wistar machos adultos, através de parâmetros eletrocardiográficos e da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes nos tecidos cardíacos e hepáticos. O plano de trabalho consistiu na administração aguda, por gavagem, de deltametrina (DMT), com os animais distribuídos em 4 grupos, com 10 animais,pesando em média 200 ± 10g cada, assim constituídos: 1) Grupo controle (5 mL de óleo de milho); 2) Grupo DMT10 [10% do valor da DL50 da deltametrina (3,2 mg/5mL de óleo de milho)]; 3) Grupo DMT25 [25% do valor da DL50 da deltametrina (8 mg/5mL de óleo de milho)]; 4) Grupo DMT100 [100% do valor da DL50 de deltametrina (32mg/mL de óleo de milho)]. No início do ensaio, foi introduzida uma sonda de gavagem nos ratos. Logo após, os animais foram submetidos à anestesia para realização do eletrocardiograma (ECG). Após 5 min de início dos registros do ECG, a DMT foi administrada através de gavagem, conforme o planejamento experimental de cada grupo, registrando-se o ECG por mais 30 min. Após, fez-se o sacrifício dos animais por aprofundamento da anestesia. Foram retirados o fígado e o coração para mensurar a atividade das enzimas: catalase, superóxido dismutase, fosfatase alcalina, glutationa S-transferase e quantificação da glutationa reduzida e do produto da peroxidação lipídica malondialdeído. A deltametrina alterou a condutividade elétrica do coração. O eletrocardiograma mostrou redução significativa da frequência cardíaca e aumento do intervalo RR, indicando bradicardia. Também foi constatado aumento da duração do complexo QRS e redução da amplitude da onda R, o que sugere alterações na excitação ventricular. A amplitude P não foi significativamente diferente, mostrando que a excitação e a condução elétrica atrial não foram prejudicadas. Da mesma forma, os intervalos QT e QTc não foram alterados significativamente, embora o grupo DMT100 para o intervalo QT tenha se mostrado elevado, descartando-se assim, o risco de morte súbita. O segmento ST apresentou infradesnivelamento progressivo, embora não significativo. A onda T mostrou-se positiva e sem alterações significativas, não podendo assim sugerir possibilidade de isquemia miocárdica induzida por deltametrina. As análises bioquímicas mostraram que a deltametrina provocou estresse oxidativo tanto no fígado como no coração. A lipoperoxidação ocorreu nos hepatócitos e não parece ter ocorrido nos miócitos. No fígado, o estresse oxidativo foi confirmado pelo aumento significativo da atividade das enzimas glutationa S-transferase e fosfatase alcalina, aumento da concentração da glutationa reduzida, e significativa redução da atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase e catalase. Já no coração, o estresse oxidativo foi evidenciado pelo significativo aumento da atividade da catalase e redução significativa da superóxido dismutase e glutationa S-transferase, assim como, pelo aumento da concentração da enzima glutationa reduzida. Em conclusão, este trabalho constatou que a deltametrina, administrada por via oral, diferentes dosagens, em ratos Wistar, causou aumento do estresse oxidativo e este pode ter ocasionado alterações na condução e excitação cardíaca verificadas no presente estudo / Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are in the first rank among causes of death in the world and, according to researches, they can be associated with oxidative stressimbalance between free radicals productions and antioxidant defenses. The treatment and non-pharmacological prevention of these diseases, advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO), consist in to increase consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and beans, because of their antioxidant properties and the physiological effects of dietary fiber also present on those foods. On the other hand, studies have shown that some xenobiotic substances may be present in food, such as pyrethroid insecticides, increasing the risk of development or aggravation of cardiovascular alterations and, at the same time, destabilizing the antioxidant defenses and producing free radicals which are harmful to cells, endangering human health. There is no doubt about the necessity of the use of pesticides in agricultural production, in public health programs, animal health, as well as in forestry. The non-compliance with the legislation in force has been a troubling reality because it puts in risk the health of workers who handle those substances, the people who consume foods and the ecosystem. Researches that evaluate the harmful effects that pesticides can cause to the human health, contribute to the fulfilling of the specific legislation and, even, in the update of it. This work aims to evaluate the acute oral exposure of deltamethrin, a pyrethroid pesticide, on the excitation system of the heart and on the oxidative stress in adult male Wistar rats, by means of electrocardiographic parameters, and antioxidant enzymes in liver and heart tissues, respectively. The work consisted on the acute administration, by gavagem, of deltamethrin (DMT), to animals distributed in 4 groups, containing 10 animals each, as follows: 1) Control Group (5 mL of corn oil); 2) DMT10 Group [10% of the LD50 value of deltamethrin (3,2mg/5mL corn oil)]; 3) DMT25 Group [25% of the LD50 value of deltamethrin (8 mg/5mL corn oil)]; 4) DMT100 Group [100% of the LD50 value of deltamethrin (32mg/mL corn oil)]. At the beginning of the assay, it was introduced in the rats a probe of gavagem. Soon after, the animals were subjected to anesthesia for conduction of the electrocardiogram (EGC). After 5 minutes of the beginning of the ECG record, the deltamethrin was administered via gavagem, accordingly to the experimental planning of each group, and the ECG recorded for additional 30 minutes. Upon completion of the ECG recording, the rats were killed by deepening of anesthesia. The liver and heart were withdrawn to measure the activity of the enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, alkaline phosphatase, as well as of the quantification of the malondialdehyde biomarker and reduced glutathione. Deltamethrin was capable of changing the electrical conductivity of heart. The electrocardiogram showed significant reduction of the heart rate and increase of the RR interval, indicating bradycardia. It was also found to increase of the duration QRS complex and reduction of the R wave amplitude, which means that there were alterations in ventricular excitation. The P amplitude was not significantly different, showing that arousal and atrial electrical conduction was not impaired. Similarly, the QT and QTc intervals were not altered significantly, although has been shown high of the group DMT100, discarding the risk of sudden death. The ST segment depression showed a progressive, though not significant. The T wave was positive and no significant changes and therefore can not suggest the possibility of myocardial ischemia induced by deltamethrin. Biochemical analysis showed that deltamethrin causes oxidative stress in both liver and heart. Lipid peroxidation occurred in hepatocytes and not observed in myocytes and this is confirmed by checking the increased activity of the alkaline phosphatase, glutathione s-transferase and reduced activity of the superoxide dismutase and catalase and increased of concentration of the reduced glutathione in the liver. In the heart, oxidative stress has been shown by increased activity of the catalase, increased concentration of the glutathione reduced and reduced activity of the superoxide dismutase and glutathione s-transferase. In conclusion, this study found that deltamethrin administered orally at different doses in rats, caused increased oxidative stress and this may have caused changes in cardiac excitation conduction and verified / Mestrado / Ciência de Alimentos / Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos

[EN] The behavior of the heart is governed by electrical currents generated in the myocardium, and therefore, the study of the cardiac electrical activity is essential for the diagnosis of cardiac diseases. The forward problem of the electrocardiography (FP) entails the calculation of the torso potentials from the electrical activity of the heart and the 3D body model, while the inverse problem (IP) resolution allows the noninvasive reconstruction of the electrical activity of the heart from surface potentials. The IP is of great importance in clinical applications since it allows estimating the electrical activity of the myocardium with only noninvasive recordings. However, IP resolution is still a big challenge in electrocardiography since it is ill-posed, very unstable and has multiple solutions. In this thesis different algorithms and strategies based on the IP resolution were developed and applied in the noninvasive diagnosis of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and evaluated with mathematical cellular models and clinical data bases. The thesis focuses on the IP resolution for the noninvasive reconstruction of the myocardial electrical activity for different diseases and propagation patterns, implementing a novel system for complex propagation patterns. The obtained results and propagation patterns were evaluated and classified with the corresponding optimal resolution strategy that minimizes the error and increases the stability of the system, proving its advantages and disadvantages depending on the different diseases and their activation pattern. A novel iterative method was implemented for the IP dipolar resolution optimized for representing simple propagation patterns, achieving a high stability and robustness against noise by constraining the solution to a limited number of dipoles. However, propagation patterns not representable by few dipoles need to be computed with the IP in terms of epicardial solutions which provide a more detailed estimation of the myocardial activity. IP resolution in the voltage and phase domains showed a good accuracy for simple and organized propagation patterns. This method allowed the noninvasive diagnosis of the Brugada syndrome or the location of ectopic focus in atrial arrhythmias by performing a parametric analysis of the electrograms morphology or the activation map reconstruction. However, mathematical and patient results presented in this thesis proved that, for complex propagation patterns like atrial fibrillation (AF), inverse solutions in the voltage and phase domains are over-smoothed and over-optimistic, simplifying the complex AF activity, leading to non-physiological results that do not match with the complex intracardiac electrograms recorded in AF patients. In this thesis, we proposed a novel technique for the noninvasive identification and location of high dominant frequency AF sources, based on the assumption that in many cases atrial drivers present the highest activation rate with an intermittent propagation to the rest of the tissue that activates at a slower rate. Although, voltage and phase inverse solutions for AF complex propagation patterns were over smoothed and inaccurate, the noninvasive estimation of frequency maps was significantly more accurate, allowing the identification of the AF frequency gradient and location of high frequency sources. This technique may help in planning ablation procedures, avoiding unnecessary interseptal punctures for right-to-left frequency gradients cases and facilitating the targeting of the AF drivers, reducing risk and time of the clinical procedure. / [ES] El comportamiento del corazón se rige por corrientes eléctricas generadas en el miocardio y, por lo tanto, el estudio de su actividad eléctrica es esencial para el diagnóstico de enfermedades cardíacas. El problema directo (PD) de la electrocardiografía implica el cálculo de los potenciales del torso a partir de la actividad eléctrica del corazón y el modelo 3D del cuerpo, mientras que la resolución del problema inverso (PI) permite la reconstrucción no invasiva de la actividad eléctrica del corazón a partir de los potenciales de superficie, cobrando una gran importancia en la práctica clínica. Sin embargo, sigue siendo un gran desafío para la electrocardiografía ya que está mal planteado, es muy inestable y tiene múltiples soluciones. A lo largo de esta tesis se han desarrollado diferentes estrategias para la resolución del PI, aplicándolas en el diagnóstico no invasivo de arritmias ventriculares y auriculares, verificándolas mediante modelos celulares matemáticos y bases de datos clínicas. La tesis se centra en la resolución del PI para la reconstrucción no invasiva de la actividad eléctrica del miocardio para diferentes enfermedades cardiacas con diferentes patrones de propagación, implementando un novedoso sistema para patrones de propagación complejos. Además, se han validado los resultados obtenidos y se han clasificado los diferentes patrones de propagación con la estrategia de resolución del PI óptima que minimice el error y aumente la estabilidad del sistema. Un nuevo método iterativo fue implementado para la resolución del PI para fuentes dipolares, siendo óptimo para representar patrones de propagación simples, logrando una alta estabilidad e inmunidad al ruido al restringir la solución a un número limitado de dipolos. Sin embargo, los patrones de propagación que no pueden ser representados por un número limitado de dipolos deben calcularse mediante la resolución del PI en términos de potenciales epicárdicos, proporcionando una estimación más detallada de la actividad del miocardio. La resolución del PI en el dominio de la tensión y fase mostró ser muy preciso para patrones de propagación simples y organizados. Este método permite el diagnóstico no invasivo del síndrome de Brugada o la ubicación de focos ectópicos en arritmias auriculares mediante un análisis paramétrico de la morfología de los electrogramas o la reconstrucción de los mapas de activación. Sin embargo, los resultados matemáticos y clínicos presentados en esta tesis demostraron que, para patrones de propagación complejos como la fibrilación auricular (FA), los resultados obtenidos mediante la resolución del PI en el dominio de la tensión y fase son demasiado suaves y optimistas, simplificando enormemente la complejidad de la FA, llevando a resultados no fisiológicos que no coinciden con la actividad compleja de los electrogramas intracardiacos registrados en pacientes con FA. En esta tesis, se ha propuesto una novedosa técnica para la identificación y localización no invasiva de fuentes con una frecuencia dominante alta, basado en la suposición de que en muchos casos las fuentes eléctricas que generan y mantienen la FA presentan una tasa de activación más alta, con una propagación intermitente hacia el resto del tejido auricular cuya frecuencia de activación es más lenta. Aunque las soluciones en el dominio de la tensión y fase para patrones de propagación complejos fueron más suaves y menos precisas, la estimación no invasiva de los mapas de frecuencia fue significativamente más precisa, permitiendo la identificación del gradiente de frecuencia y ubicación de las fuentes de FA de alta frecuencia. Esta técnica puede ser de gran ayuda en la planificación de los procedimientos de ablación, evitando punciones interseptales innecesarias para casos con un gradiente de frecuencia de derecha a izquierda y facilitando la localización de las fuentes de alta frecuencia / [CAT] El comportament del cor es regeix per corrents elèctrics generades en el miocardi i, per tant, l'estudi de la seua activitat elèctrica és essencial per al diagnòstic de malalties cardíaques. El problema directe (PD) de l'electrocardiografia implica el càlcul dels potencials del tors a partir de l'activitat elèctrica del cor i el model 3D del cos, mentre que la resolució del problema invers (PI) permet la reconstrucció no invasiva de l'activitat elèctrica del cor a partir de els potencials de superfície. La resolució del PI de l'electrocardiografia té una gran importància en la pràctica clínica atès que fa possible una estimació de l'activitat elèctrica del miocardi únicament a partir de registres no invasius. No obstant això, la resolució del PI segueix sent un gran desafiament per a la electrocardiografia ja que està mal plantejat, és molt inestable i té múltiples solucions. Al llarg d'aquesta tesi s'han desenvolupat diferents estratègies basades en la resolució PI, aplicant-les en el diagnòstic no invasiu d'arítmies ventriculars i auriculars, verificant mitjançant models cel·lulars matemàtics i bases de dades clíniques. La tesi se centra en la resolució del PI per a la reconstrucció no invasiva de l'activitat elèctrica del miocardi per a diferents malalties cardíaques amb diferents patrons de propagació, implementant un nou sistema per a patrons de propagació complexos. A més se han validat els resultats obtinguts i se han classificat els diferents patrons de propagació amb l'estratègia de resolució del PI òptima que minimitze l'error i augmente l'estabilitat del sistema. Un nou mètode iteratiu va ser implementat per a la resolució del PI per fonts dipolars, sent òptim per representar patrons de propagació simples, aconseguint una alta estabilitat i immunitat al soroll en restringir la solució a un nombre limitat de dipols. No obstant això, els patrons de propagació que no poden ser representats per un nombre limitat de dipols s'han de calcular mitjançant la resolució del PI en termes de potencials epicàrdics, proporcionant una estimació més detallada de l'activitat del miocardi. La resolució del PI en el domini de la tensió i fase va mostrar ser molt precís per a patrons de propagació simples i organitzats. Aquest mètode permet el diagnòstic no invasiu de la síndrome de Brugada o la ubicació de focus ectòpics en arítmies auriculars mitjançant una anàlisi paramètric de la morfologia dels electrogrames o la reconstrucció dels mapes d'activació. No obstant això, els resultats matemàtics i clínics presentats en aquesta tesi van demostrar que, per patrons de propagació complexos com la fibril·lació auricular (FA), els resultats obtinguts mitjançant la resolució del PI en el domini de la tensió i fase són massa suaus i optimistes, simplificant enormement la complexitat de la FA, obtenint resultats no fisiològics que no coincideixen amb l'activitat complexa dels electrogrames intracardiacos registrats en pacients amb FA. En aquesta tesi, s'ha proposat una nova tècnica per a la identificació i localització no invasiva de fonts amb una freqüència dominant alta, basat en la suposició que en molts casos les fonts elèctriques que generen i mantenen la FA presenten una taxa d'activació més alta, amb una propagació intermitent cap a la resta del teixit auricular on la freqüència d'activació és més lenta. Encara que, les solucions en el domini de la tensió i fase per patrons de propagació complexos van ser més suaus i menys precises, l'estimació no invasiva dels mapes de freqüència va ser significativament més precisa, permetent la identificació del gradient de freqüència i ubicació de les fonts de FA d'alta freqüència. Aquesta tècnica pot ser de gran ajuda en la planificació dels procediments d'ablació, evitant puncions interseptales innecessaris per a casos amb un gradient de freqüència de dreta a esquerra i facilitant la / Pedrón Torrecilla, J. (2015). Non-invasive Reconstruction of the Myocardial Electrical Activity from Body Surface Potential Recordings [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/58268 / TESIS

The standard first aid for a heart attack resulting in cardiopulmonary arrest is effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Chest compressions are most commonly performed on a flat surface with the rescuer kneeling next to the victim with one hand on top of the other on the sternum and elbows straight. This technique of being on the ground may be challenging for those without the mobility and strength to get up and down from the ground. In 2005, the American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines listed “pedal”, or heel, compression as an acceptable alternative to standard chest compressions (Trenkamp & Perez, 2015). That same year, the recommended depth of a compression increased from 3.8 cm to 5.0 cm (Trenkamp & Perez, 2015). To attain such a depth, extra force and strength arerequired. The heel method may be especially reasonable for those rescuers who cannot attain the floor and those who do not have the cardiovascular or muscular strength to perform traditional chest compressions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of performance of hands only (HO) versus the combination (CO) of hands only plus pedal CPR on the electrocardiogram, including heart rate and heart rhythm. The subjects utilized in this investigation were six men and nine women between 56 and 71 years of age from San Luis Obispo County in California. Subjects underwent two trials with at least a 15 hour rest period in between but no more than one week. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the Combination (CO) trial or the Hands Only (HO) trial. When they came back for their second trial, they did the trial that they did not do the first time. On average, participants were able to sustain the combination of HO plus pedal CPR longer (9.47 minutes) than they were able to perform standard HO CPR (9.02 minutes) but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.16). Mean maximum heart rate was 133 ± 23.7 bpm during the CO trial and 125.4 ± 21.9 bpm during the HO trial (p=0.12). Mean percentage of the HR reserve was 75.1% during the CO trial and 61.1% during the HO trial (p=0.09). Mean RPE was not significantly different between CO and HO trials (p=0.2124), nor between genders (p=0.42090). However, for both trials combined the mean RPE was significantly greater at 5 minutes of CPR (4.45 ± 0.53) than at 2 minutes of CPR (3.38 ± 0.31), (p It may take time for individuals to accept pedal CPR as a viable resuscitation method. With the majority of sudden cardiac arrests occurring in the home among older adults in society, it is important to recognize that pedal CPR is an acceptable method and that a rescuer may have this choice if they either need a break from standard CPR or if they can not attain the ground.

This project deals with anatomy and electrophysiology of heart. It describes the structure of cardiac muscle, mechanism of myocard's contraction, heart work, the origin and registration of electric signals of heart – electrocardiogram (ECG) and vectorcardiogram (VCG). Part of the work is design and creation of a software application for calculation and graphical presentation of vectorcardograms, useful for experimental data available on ÚBMI VUT in Brno.

Semiperiodic signals possess an underlying periodicity, but their constituent spectral components include stochastic elements which make it impossible to analytically determine locations of the signal's critical points. Mathematically, a signal's critical points are those at which it is not differentiable or where its derivative is zero. In some domains they represent characteristic points, which are locations indicating important changes in the underlying process reflected by the signal. For many applications in healthcare, knowledge of precise locations of these points provides key insight for analytic, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. For example, given an appropriate signal they might indicate the start or end of a breath, numerous electrophysiological states of the heart during the cardiac cycle, or the point in a stride at which the heel impacts the ground. The inherent variability of these signals, the presence of noise, and often, very low signal amplitudes, makes accurate estimation of these points challenging. There has been much effort in automatically estimating characteristic point locations. Approaches include algorithms operating in the time domain, on various transformations of the data, and using different models of the signal. These methods apply a wide variety of techniques ranging from simple thresholds and search windows to sophisticated signal processing and pattern recognition algorithms. Existing approaches do not explicitly use prior knowledge of characteristic point locations in their estimation. This dissertation first develops a framework for an efficient parametric representation of semiperiodic signals using splines. It then implements an instance of that framework to optimally estimate locations of characteristic points, incorporating prior knowledge from manual annotations on training data. Splines represent signals in a piecewise manner by applying an interpolant to constraint points on the signal known as knots. The framework allows choice of interpolant, objective function, knot initialization algorithm, and optimization algorithm. After initialization it iteratively modifies knot locations until the objective function is met. For optimal estimation of characteristic points the framework relies on a Bayesian objective function, the a posteriori probability of knot locations given the observed signal. This objective function fuses prior knowledge, the observed signal, and its spline estimate. With a linear interpolant, knot locations after optimization serve as estimates of the signal's characteristic points. This implementation was used to determine locations of 11 characteristic points on a prospective test set comprising 200 electrocardiograph (ECG) signals from 20 subjects. It achieved a mean error of -0.4 milliseconds, less than one quarter of a sample interval. A low bias is not sufficient, however, and the literature recognizes error variance to be the more important factor in assessing accuracy. Error variances are typically compared to the variance of manual annotations provided by reviewers. The algorithm was within two standard deviations for six of the characteristic points, and within one sample interval of this criterion for another four points. The spline framework described here provides a complementary option to existing methods for parametric modeling of semiperiodic signals, and can be tailored to represent semiperiodic signals with high fidelity or to optimally estimate locations of their characteristic points.

No description available.

No description available.

This study sought to examine the exercise-induced ST-segment shifts, J₀ and J₆₀, attributable to ECG lead configuration, specifically to evaluate if ischemic changes are modified as a function of using the Mason-Likar lead system. Males (N=30) referred for diagnostic testing underwent a symptom-limited graded exercise test (SLGXT). ST-segment shifts, J₀ and J₆₀, measured as the difference from baseline to recovery minute one, were not significantly different in responses measured from two simultaneous complexes for lead V₅. In frontal lead II, differences were found in the ST-segment response at baseline vs. recovery minute one. All ST-segment shifts were computed as the difference between J_x obtained at resting baseline vs. the J_x obtained at the exercise measurement in the same posture. ST-segment shifts, J₀ and J₆₀, measured at peak-exercise vs. recovery minute one using the Mason-Likar lead system, revealed a significant difference according to the measurement recorded in both leads V₅ and II (p<.05). Comparisons of frequencies for clinically abnormal ST-segment shifts according to ECG lead configuration at recovery minute one when measured from peak-exercise using Mason-Likar were significant in only lead II (p<.05). Observation of the data suggest that the Mason-Likar lead system may affect the interpretation of ischemic ST-segment shifts in lead II. However, these results do not invalidate the interpretation of ischemic ST-segment shifts in lead V₅ using the Mason-Likar lead system. / Master of Science

Cardiac time intervals (CTIs) are vital indicators of cardiac health and can be estimated using a combination of electrocardiography (ECG) and seismocardiography (SCG). This study investigates the impact of SCG sensor location across the sternum on CTI estimations and heart rate variability parameters. Signal processing algorithms were developed to detect the opening and closure of heart valves on SCG for CTI calculation. A novel ECG-independent method was also developed based on template matching to determine similar parameters solely based on SCG. Comparative analysis with gold-standard methods were conducted on the SCG fiducial points, evaluating accuracy and performance. Results indicate a high overall average F1 score and correlation for all fiducial point detections. The p values revealed significant differences in SCG-derived CTI estimations across the sensor locations, highlighting the importance of sensor placement for accurate assessments. This finding underscores a fundamental step toward precise evaluation of cardiac health.

No description available.