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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Reduction Of Switching Overvoltages By Means Of Controlled Switching

Guneri, Melih 01 September 2006 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis analyses the controlled switching methods applied to modern SF6 type circuit breakers for the purpose of reducing switching overvoltages. Main emphasis is placed on controlled switching methods applied at extra high voltage level, since the cost of failures caused by switching overvoltages is highest in this voltage level. After a brief introduction about circuit breakers in general, switching overvoltages and controlled switching methods are analysed. Also a case study about controlled switching of an unloaded overhead line is provided, and success of controlled switching method is evaluated.
22

Μελέτη υπερτάσεων λόγω κεραυνών σε γραμμές μεταφοράς υψηλής τάσης του δικτύου της Κύπρου

Κουνναπής, Στυλιανός 07 July 2015 (has links)
Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής είναι η μελέτη των αναπτυσσόμενων υπερτάσεων στις γραμμές μεταφοράς υψηλής τάσης (132kV) του δικτύου της Αρχής Ηλεκτρισμού Κύπρου. Γίνεται μια παρουσίαση του κάθε στοιχείου του δικτύου ξεχωριστά, με ποιο τρόπο μπορεί να μοντελοποιηθεί και πως συμπεριφέρεται σε κεραυνικό πλήγμα εύρους 100kA με τρία διαφορετικά σήματα. Τέλος παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της προσομοίωσης στο λογισμικό ATP-EMTP και εξάγονται παρατηρήσεις και συμπεράσματα. Αρχικά στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια εισαγωγική παρουσίαση της διπλωματικής εργασίας, μια ιστορική αναδρομή για τα συστήματα ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας και την επανάσταση που έφερε η ανάπτυξη τους. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζεται η πορεία του ηλεκτρισμού στη Κύπρο κάτω από το φορέα διαχείρισης του, την Αρχή Ηλεκτρισμού Κύπρου. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρατίθενται λεπτομερώς τα στοιχεία που συνθέτουν σήμερα το δίκτυο της Α.Η.Κ από την παραγωγή, τη μεταφορά και τη διανομή της ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας στο νησί. Ακόμη γίνεται μία σύντομη αναφορά στο κλίμα της Κύπρου και πως αυτό ευνοεί τη δημιουργία κεραυνών. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται και περιγράφεται αναλυτικά η αιτία της δημιουργίας των εξωτερικών υπερτάσεων, δηλαδή ο κεραυνός και πως λειτουργεί αυτός ως φυσικό φαινόμενο. Επίσης περιγράφονται οι διάφοροι μηχανισμοί δημιουργίας υπερτάσεων από τους κεραυνούς. Στα επόμενα τρία κεφάλαια παρουσιάζονται ενδελεχώς τα τρία βασικά στοιχεία του δικτύου το οποίο τυγχάνει προσομοίωσης, δηλαδή οι γραμμές μεταφοράς, οι πυλώνες και οι αλυσοειδείς μονωτήρες ανάρτησης. Συγκεκριμένα, για τις μεταφοράς γίνεται αναφορά στα γενικά τους στοιχεία, στα χαρακτηριστικά τους αλλά και στις καταπονήσεις που υφίστανται. Στους πυλώνες παρουσιάζεται η καταπόνηση τους από κεραυνούς με απότομο μέτωπο, το πως εκτιμάται η αντίσταση γείωσης τους και τι ρόλο παίζει η ειδική αντίσταση εδάφους. Όσο αφορά τους μονωτήρες ανάρτησης προβάλλονται γενικά κατασκευαστικά τους στοιχεία, οι συνθήκες στις οποίες λαμβάνει χώρα η υπερπήδηση(διάσπαση) τους και οι μέθοδοι υπολογισμού του χρόνου επιφανειακής διάσπασης των. Στο έβδομο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται το λογισμικό ATP- EMTP μέσω του οποίου γίνεται η μοντελοποίηση των στοιχείων του δικτύου και η προσομοίωση τους. Γίνεται αναφορά στη δομή του προγράμματος, τα ιστορικά του στοιχεία, τις διάφορες βιβλιοθήκες μοντέλων που εμπεριέχονται σε αυτό, τα διάφορα προγράμματα υποστήριξης του και περισσότερο το ATP – Draw όπου παρέχεται η δυνατότητα για σχεδίαση των στοιχείων και εισαγωγή των παραμέτρων τους. Στο όγδοο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται η μοντελοποίηση των προαναφερθέντων στοιχείων της διάταξης και ενσωμάτωση τους στο ATP – EMTP. Τέλος, στο ένατο και τελευταίο κεφάλαιο παρατίθενται τα αποτελέσματα της προσομοίωσης, η εξαγωγή των αποτελεσμάτων, οι παρατηρήσεις και τα συμπεράσματα. / The aim of the work described in this thesis is the study of the induced overvoltages on high voltage transmission lines (132kV) of the network of the Electricity Authority of Cyprus. Every network element is separately described, ways for the modeling of each element are explored and the behavior of each element during a 100kA lightning strike using three different signals is observed. Lastly, the results of the simulation are presented by using ATP/EMTP software, observations are made and findings are determined. The first chapter introduces the thesis and consists of a historical overview of electrical power systems and an overview of the revolution brought through their development. Thereafter the development of electricity in Cyprus as part of the electricity supplier “Electricity Authority of Cyprus” is analyzed. A detailed review of the system used by the “Electricity Authority of Cyprus” (Generation, Transmission, Distribution, Supply) constitutes the second chapter. Further, a brief reference to the climate of Cyprus is made and on how it favors the formation of lightning. The third chapter presents and describes in detail what might cause extraneous voltages, i.e. lightning and how it works as a natural phenomenon. Plus the different generation mechanisms of lightning overvoltages are described. In the next three chapters the main three elements of the network being simulated are presented in detail, i.e. transmission lines, pylons and catenary suspension insulators. Namely, with regard to transmission lines general information is given, their characteristics are described along with the stresses they face. As long as the pylons are concerned, the stresses they face by steep-front lightning are described, information on how to assess their grounding system resistance is given and it is also discussed whether Soil Resistivity plays a dominant role. Regarding suspension insulators their parts are described, the circumstances under which their disruptive discharge takes place and the methods of calculating surface discharges. In the seventh chapter the ATP/EMTP software used for network modeling and simulation is presented. Reference is made to the program structure, the historical data, the various model- libraries included in it, the various supporting programs and more specifically ATPDraw which creates/draws the elements and which does the parameter fitting. The eighth chapter contains the analysis of the modeling of the aforementioned parts of the assembly and their integration in the ATP/EMTP. Lastly, in the ninth and final chapter the results of the simulation are presented, observations are made and findings are determined.
23

Parallel Electromagnetic Transient Simulation of Large-Scale Power Systems on Massive-threading Hardware

Zhou, Zhiyin Unknown Date
No description available.
24

Processor-in-Loop Control System Design Using a Non-Real-Time Electro-Magnetic Transient Simulator

Chongva, Gregory George 11 April 2012 (has links)
This thesis investigates using processor-in-loop techniques with non-real-time electro-magnetic transient simulation software for designing microcontroller-based systems. The behaviour of a microcontroller is included in the simulation by directly integrating the target microcontroller into an EMTP co-simulation. Additionally, to assist the design process, the optimization functionality of the EMTP program is extended to the microcontroller algorithm. Since non-realtime simulation does not require specialized test hardware to accurately simulate systems, it is both cheaper and able to be used earlier in the controller design process then hardware-in-loop real-time simulation. A component is created in the PSCAD / EMTDC program to integrate a generic controller running an arbitrary periodic algorithm into an EMTP simulation. The component operation is verified by creating a co-simulation of a three-phase induction motor V / f. speed control. The co-simulation results match the behaviour of the resulting system under a fairly broad range of operating conditions, highlighting the applicability of the technique.
25

Modélisation des câbles pour les transitoires électromagnétiques dans les systèmes électriques

Pagnetti, Alberto 29 June 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Les câbles sont utilisés de plus en plus pour le transport et la distribution de l'électricité en courant alternatif sur des distances de plus en plus longues. La prolifération de fermes éoliennes offshore qui nécessitent d'interconnexions avec le continent a aussi propulsé leur utilisation sous-marine. Modèles de câbles sont disponibles dans le bien connu logiciel Electro Magnetic Transient Program et sont destinés au domaine temporel. Ces modèles sont assemblés en utilisant différentes techniques, mais tous nécessitent une connaissance précise des paramètres des câbles dans le domaine fréquentiel. Dans ce but, pour le calcul des impédances des câbles tripolaires cette thèse propose une méthode qui améliore la prise en compte de la proximité entre tous les conducteurs : il s'agit d'une méthode semi-analytique qui utilise le concept duale de fils minces et sous-conducteurs pour décrire la densité de courant à l'intérieur des conducteurs et le calcul des impédances. L'effet du retour par la mer est aussi analysé et une méthode quasi Monte Carlo est proposé, afin de résoudre les intégrales qui décrivent la formulation des impédances pour le sol à deux couches (la mer et son fond) sur lequel ces câbles sont posés. L'effet du à la présence des couches de semi-conducteur dans les câbles est aussi traité. La méthode de collocation stochastique est aussi décrite et appliquée, afin de prendre en compte la variabilité des paramètres d'entrée.
26

Processor-in-Loop Control System Design Using a Non-Real-Time Electro-Magnetic Transient Simulator

Chongva, Gregory George 11 April 2012 (has links)
This thesis investigates using processor-in-loop techniques with non-real-time electro-magnetic transient simulation software for designing microcontroller-based systems. The behaviour of a microcontroller is included in the simulation by directly integrating the target microcontroller into an EMTP co-simulation. Additionally, to assist the design process, the optimization functionality of the EMTP program is extended to the microcontroller algorithm. Since non-realtime simulation does not require specialized test hardware to accurately simulate systems, it is both cheaper and able to be used earlier in the controller design process then hardware-in-loop real-time simulation. A component is created in the PSCAD / EMTDC program to integrate a generic controller running an arbitrary periodic algorithm into an EMTP simulation. The component operation is verified by creating a co-simulation of a three-phase induction motor V / f. speed control. The co-simulation results match the behaviour of the resulting system under a fairly broad range of operating conditions, highlighting the applicability of the technique.
27

Διαβάθμιση μόνωσης των γραμμών υψηλής τάσης του ελληνικού συστήματος

Μπουλούμπασης, Ιωάννης 20 October 2010 (has links)
Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετάται η ικανότητα μόνωσης των γραμμών μεταφοράς του ελληνικού δικτύου μεταφοράς και διανομής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας, καθώς και η αντικεραυνική συμπεριφορά τους. Αρχικά, γίνεται μια μικρή ιστορική αναδρομή και παρουσιάζονται κάποια στοιχεία τα οποία αφορούν το ελληνικό σύστημα μεταφοράς. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται μια πιο αναλυτική περιγραφή των γραμμών μεταφοράς, παρουσιάζοντας τις κατηγοριοποιήσεις στις οποίες και υπόκεινται, με κύρια κριτήρια αυτών να είναι η ονομαστική τάση υπό την οποία είναι φορτισμένες, το μήκος, αλλά και την ικανότητά τους στην μεταφορά ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Επίσης, γίνεται αναφορά στις καταπονήσεις τις οποίες δέχονται οι γραμμές αλλά και στην μόνωση, όπως και στα χαρακτηριστικά τους. Έπειτα, εξετάζονται οι κεραυνοί και παρατίθεται μια ενδελεχής παρουσίαση των ειδών των κεραυνικών αλλά και των ατμοσφαιρικών εκκενώσεων, προχωρώντας μετά στην αναφορά των κύριων χαρακτηριστικών των κεραυνών, των αποτελεσμάτων τα οποία προκαλούν, αλλά και των παραμέτρων από τις οποίες εξαρτούνται και χαρακτηρίζονται. Πιο κάτω, μπορούμε να δούμε ποια είναι τα κύρια είδη σφαλμάτων στις εναέριες γραμμές μεταφοράς και από ποιά αίτια αυτά προκαλούνται. Το επόμενο κεφάλαιο πραγματεύεται τη μόνωση των γραμμών αλλά και τα πλήγματα από τους κεραυνούς. Πιο αναλυτικά, εξετάζονται οι μηχανισμοί που προκαλούν την παραγωγή υπερτάσεων στις γραμμές, ενώ γίνεται ιδιαίτερη μνεία στο φαινόμενο της ανάστροφης διάσπασης της μόνωσης των γραμμών, καθώς και στα σφάλματα θωράκισης. Έπειτα, για το καθορισμό της θέσης του αγωγού προστασίας της γραμμής παρουσιάζονται οι μέθοδοι της μέγιστης γωνίας και η ηλεκτρογεωμετρική μέθοδος, ενώ για την πρόβλεψη του πιθανού αριθμού σφαλμάτων στην γραμμή από ανάστροφα βραχυκυκλώματα παρατίθενται δύο μέθοδοι: η απλή και η βελτιωμένη μέθοδος ANACOM. Τέλος στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο, υπάρχει μια εκτενής αναφορά στο πρόγραμμα ΑΤΡ-ΕΜΤΡ και τα στοιχεία του καθώς και τα συνεργαζόμενα με αυτό προγράμματα. Αυτό γίνεται γιατί παρουσιάζεται μια προσομοίωση μιας πραγματικής γραμμής του δικτύου της Δ.Ε.Η, της R-37, η οποία βρίσκεται στην περιοχή Λάππα Αχαΐας, με τη χρήση του συγκεκριμένου προγράμματος και κύρια του γραφικού προεπεξεργαστή του, που είναι το πρόγραμμα ATPDraw. Η προσομοίωση αυτή γίνεται για διαφορετικών εντάσεων κεραυνικά ρεύματα τα οποία πλήττουν τον αγωγό προστασίας ή τον αγωγό φάσης της γραμμής σε διάφορα σημεία αυτής, και μελετά τις παραγόμενες εξαιτίας αυτών των κεραυνών υπερτάσεις και το βαθμό επικινδυνότητάς τους για τον παρακείμενο σταθμό διανομής της ιδίας περιοχής. / In this diploma thesis the insulation capability of the transmission lines of the Greek transmission and distribution system of electric energy is studied, as well as their lightning behavior. Initially, there is a little historical background and it is also presented some details concerning the Greek transmission system. Afterwards a more detailed description of the transmission lines, showing the classifications in which they are subject to, with main criteria, the nominal voltage in which they are charged, the length, but also their ability of electricity transmission. Moreover, there is a reference to the stresses in which the lines are subjected to, as well as their insulation level and their characteristics. Next, there is a study about lightnings and it is provided a thorough presentation of the types of lightning and atmospheric discharges, moving afterwards to the reference of the main lightning features, the results that they rise, as well as the parameters that they depend on and described from. Below, we can see what the main types of outages in air transmission lines are and which are the causes that generate them. The next chapter deals with the isolation of lines the, as well as with lightning strokes. More specifically, the mechanisms which cause the overvoltages on transmission lines are described, making a special reference to the backflashover phenomenon on the insulation of the lines, and the proofing outage. Then, in order to determine the position of the line protection conductor, the maximum angle method as well as the electrogeometrical method are presented, while, in order to anticipate the likely number of outages due to backflashover the following two methods are represented : the simple and improved ANACOM method. Finally, the last chapter contains an extented reference to the ATP-EMTP program and its components, as well as its affiliate programs. This is because a simulation of a real line network of the electricity company is represented, the R-37 distribution line, which is located in the region of Lappa Achaia, with the use of this program and mainly its graphic preprocessor, which is the program ATPDraw. This simulation has been done for different intensities of lightning currents, which strike at the protection conductor or the phase conductor of the line at various points on the line and it is also studying overvoltages which are produced due to these lightning currents and the risk rate for the nearby service station, which is located in the same area.
28

Análise da distorção harmônica de um parque eólico através da sua modelagem no domínio do tempo e da frequência

Schwanz, Daphne January 2013 (has links)
Neste trabalho será apresentado um estudo de caso sobre o cálculo da distorção harmônica gerada por um parque eólico através da sua modelagem nos domínios do tempo e da frequência. Será analisada a propagação das frequências harmônicas na rede básica e a influência da modelagem das linhas de transmissão nos resultados de distorção harmônica. Para este estudo serão utilizados os programas EMTP (ElectroMagnetic Transient Program) e HarmZs para as simulações no domínio do tempo e da frequência, respectivamente. Os parques eólicos simulados utilizam geradores do tipo multipolar síncrono, e para a sua conexão à rede elétrica um conversor de frequência. Os resultados obtidos com o programa EMTP serão comparados para validação com os dados obtidos através da simulação no domínio da frequência utilizando o programa de simulação HarmZ. Já a análise da propagação das frequências harmônicas será simulada somente no domínio do tempo. Assim, através dos resultados obtidos será possível comparar os programas de simulação, determinar os níveis de distorção harmônica em diversos pontos do sistema elétrico e a influência dos modelos utilizados. / This work will present a case study on the calculation of the harmonic distortion generated by a wind farm. Time and frequency domain simulations will be performed. Harmonic propagation will be analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of transmission lines and underground cables models will be verified when there are several frequencies present in the system. Softwares EMTP (ElectroMagnetic Transient Program) and HarmZs will be used for the simulations in the time and frequency domain, respectively. The simulated wind farm use multipolar synchronous generators and their connection to the grid is made through a frequency converter. The results obtained with EMTP will be compared for validation with the results obtained with HarmZs. Thus, by the obtained results it will be possible to compare simulation programs and to determine the levels of harmonic distortion at several points of the electrical system.
29

Distributed Photovoltaic Generation in Residential Distribution Systems: Impacts on Power Quality and Anti-islanding

January 2013 (has links)
abstract: The past few decades have seen a consistent growth of distributed PV sources. Distributed PV, like other DG sources, can be located at or near load centers and provide benefits which traditional generation may lack. However, distribution systems were not designed to accommodate such power generation sources as these sources might lead to operational as well as power quality issues. A high penetration of distributed PV resources may lead to bi-directional power flow resulting in voltage swells, increased losses and overloading of conductors. Voltage unbalance is a concern in distribution systems and the effect of single-phase residential PV systems on voltage unbalance needs to be explored. Furthermore, the islanding of DGs presents a technical hurdle towards the seamless integration of DG sources with the electricity grid. The work done in this thesis explores two important aspects of grid inte-gration of distributed PV generation, namely, the impact on power quality and anti-islanding. A test distribution system, representing a realistic distribution feeder in Arizona is modeled to study both the aforementioned aspects. The im-pact of distributed PV on voltage profile, voltage unbalance and distribution sys-tem primary losses are studied using CYMDIST. Furthermore, a PSCAD model of the inverter with anti-island controls is developed and the efficacy of the anti-islanding techniques is studied. Based on the simulations, generalized conclusions are drawn and the problems/benefits are elucidated. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2013
30

Análise da distorção harmônica de um parque eólico através da sua modelagem no domínio do tempo e da frequência

Schwanz, Daphne January 2013 (has links)
Neste trabalho será apresentado um estudo de caso sobre o cálculo da distorção harmônica gerada por um parque eólico através da sua modelagem nos domínios do tempo e da frequência. Será analisada a propagação das frequências harmônicas na rede básica e a influência da modelagem das linhas de transmissão nos resultados de distorção harmônica. Para este estudo serão utilizados os programas EMTP (ElectroMagnetic Transient Program) e HarmZs para as simulações no domínio do tempo e da frequência, respectivamente. Os parques eólicos simulados utilizam geradores do tipo multipolar síncrono, e para a sua conexão à rede elétrica um conversor de frequência. Os resultados obtidos com o programa EMTP serão comparados para validação com os dados obtidos através da simulação no domínio da frequência utilizando o programa de simulação HarmZ. Já a análise da propagação das frequências harmônicas será simulada somente no domínio do tempo. Assim, através dos resultados obtidos será possível comparar os programas de simulação, determinar os níveis de distorção harmônica em diversos pontos do sistema elétrico e a influência dos modelos utilizados. / This work will present a case study on the calculation of the harmonic distortion generated by a wind farm. Time and frequency domain simulations will be performed. Harmonic propagation will be analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of transmission lines and underground cables models will be verified when there are several frequencies present in the system. Softwares EMTP (ElectroMagnetic Transient Program) and HarmZs will be used for the simulations in the time and frequency domain, respectively. The simulated wind farm use multipolar synchronous generators and their connection to the grid is made through a frequency converter. The results obtained with EMTP will be compared for validation with the results obtained with HarmZs. Thus, by the obtained results it will be possible to compare simulation programs and to determine the levels of harmonic distortion at several points of the electrical system.

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