Class of 2009 Abstract / OBJECTIVES: To develop a novel characterization system utilizing immunofluorescent FLAG tagged EP2 and EP4 receptors to assist in the explanation of their unique cell signaling properties for exploitation in future drug development design. METHODS: Plasmids were obtained and isolated that contained cDNAs encoding FLAG-tagged EP2 and EP4 receptors for transient expression in HEK-293 cells. The sequences of these plasmids were confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis and DNA sequencing. Transfected cells were treated with vehicle, PGE2 or forskolin to assess appropriate receptor functionality based on cAMP induction. RESULTS: The two PGE2 receptor subtypes, EP2 and EP4, are similar in their activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and subsequent up regulation of cAMP production. These receptors differ, however, in that EP2 more efficiently stimulates cAMP production and EP4 signaling involves the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal related kinases (ERKs). The PGE2- treated cells responded as predicted with intracellular production of cAMP, with the EP2 receptor responding more efficiently than the EP4 receptor. CONCLUSIONS: The intent is for these cells to be used as a novel assay system for the development of future selective EP2 and EP4 agonists. This research could potentially benefit in selectively targeting EP2 or EP4 pathways linked to prevalent ailments such as pain, fever, inflammation, possibly cancer or bone growth.

Final publication is available at http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=26018088 / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第19635号 / 医科博第73号 / 32671 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 渡邊 直樹, 教授 椛島 健治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Final publication is available at http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=26018088 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第19635号 / 医科博第73号 / 新制||医科||6(附属図書館) / 32671 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 妹尾 浩, 教授 渡邊 直樹, 教授 椛島 健治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-05-28. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-10866.pdf: 1428796 bytes, checksum: 3e8b3b83a47e7f481fd590e1f74949b4 (MD5) / A degradacao de proteinas pelo sistema ubiquitina-proteassoma gera uma grande quantidade de oligopeptideos dentro das celulas. Para investigar possiveis efeitos desses oligopeptideos, alguns deles foram isolados do cerebro de rato, sintetizados acoplados a sequencia peptidica TAT atraves de pontes dissulfeto, sendo entao analisados nas vias de transducao de sinal de receptores acoplados a proteina G. A mistura contendo os quatro peptideos analisados (20-80 ƒÊM) inibiu de forma significativa o aumento da taxa de acidificacao do meio extracelular induzido pela angiotensina II em celulas CHO-S que expressam o receptor AT1 (CHO-S-AT1). Adicionalmente, tanto sozinhos quanto em mistura, estes peptideos aumentaram a transcricao do gene reporter da luciferase induzida pela angiotensina II em celulas CHO-S-AT1, assim como aquela induzida pelo isoproterenol em celulas HEK293. Os peptideos sem TAT, incapazes de atravessar a membrana das celulas, nao alteraram as respostas a estimulacao dos receptores, sugerindo um efeito intracelular dos peptideos nas cascatas de transducao de sinal. Alem disso, todos os peptideos estudados inibiram competitivamente a degradacao de um substrato sintetico da oligopeptidase EP24.15 in vitro. O aumento da expressao da EP24.15 em celulas CHO-S e HEK293 foi suficiente para reduzir a atividade do gene reporter luciferase induzida pela angiotensina II ou pelo isoproterenol. Finalmente, a utilizacao dos peptideos como gisca h em colunas de afinidade revelou que diversas proteinas envolvidas na sinalizacao de receptores acoplados a proteina G interagem com os peptideos, incluindo a adaptina A-alfa e a dinamina-1. Estes resultados sugerem que antes de serem completamente degradados, os peptídeos intracelulares semelhantes àqueles gerados pelo proteassoma podem afetar ativamente a sinalização intracelular, delineando-se como novas moléculas bioativas dentro das células. / TEDE

Le glaucome est défini par une dégénérescence du nerf optique dont le principal facteur de risque est l’hypertension oculaire due à des altérations du tissu trabéculaire. Les traitements incluent des agonistes du récepteur FP, les agonistes du récepteur EP2 pouvant également avoir des effets bénéfiques.Au cours de cette thèse, un modèle de cellules trabéculaires primaires humaines a été défini et les effets du latanoprost, un agoniste FP, et du butaprost, un agoniste EP2, ont été étudiés, d'une part, sur la survie des cellules trabéculaires, et d’autre part, sur la transition myofibroblastique. Il a été montré que l’activation du récepteur EP2 permet de protéger les cellules trabéculaires d’un stress du réticulum endoplasmique par une diminution de l’accumulation de p53 qui résulte en l’inhibition de l’expression de Puma. Enfin, le butaprost entraîne l’augmentation de l’expression de Bcl-2 et la phosphorylation de Bad qui participent à l’inhibition de l’apoptose.D’autre part, le latanoprost induit une contraction des cellules trabéculaires tandis que le butaprost inhibe la contraction induite par le TGF-B2. En revanche, les deux agonistes inhibent la déposition du collagène.En conclusion, indépendamment de leur effet hypotenseur connu, le latanoprost favoriserait l’acquisition par les cellules trabéculaires d’un phénotype contractile et l’activation du récepteur EP2 pourrait limiter le développement de la dysfonction trabéculaire en protégeant de la mort cellulaire et en favorisant une relaxation. Ces résultats suggèrent que la stimulation du récepteur EP2 pourrait limiter le développement du glaucome et serait plus favorable que les agonistes du récepteur FP. / Glaucoma is defined as an optic neuropathy whose main risk factor is ocular hypertension due to alterations of the trabecular meshwork (TM). The first-line therapies for glaucoma are agonists of the FP receptor. Agonists of the EP2 receptor could also present beneficial effects.During the thesis project, a model of primary human TM cells has been defined and the effects of latanoprost, an FP agonist, and butaprost, an EP2 agonist, have been studied on, firstly, the survival of TM cells and, secondly, on the myofibroblast transition.We have shown that activation of the EP2 receptor protects TM cells from an endoplasmic reticulum stress by a decreased accumulation of p53 which results in the inhibition of Puma transcription. Finally, butaprost mediates an increased expression of Bcl-2 and an elevation of Bad phosphorylation which contribute to protection against TM cell death.Moreover, latanoprost induces TM cell contraction while butaprost inhibits TGF-B2-dependent contraction. On the other hand, both agonists inhibit collagen.In conclusion, independently of their hypotensive effects, latanoprost would favor the acquisition by TM cells of a contractile phenotype while stimulation of EP2 receptor could limit TM dysfunction by protecting against TM cell death and relaxing the tissue. These results suggest that activation of EP2 receptor could slow down or inhibit the course of glaucoma progression and would be more favorable than the FP agonists currently used.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第21403号 / 生博第404号 / 新制||生||53(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科高次生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 垣塚 彰, 教授 HEJNA,James, 教授 渡邊 直樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM