In the present study, compounds derived from β-lapachone were electrochemically studied in protic (phosphate and acetate buffer) and aprotic (DMF + TBAP) media, using glassy carbon as working electrode. The electroreducedintermediatesof the quinones reacted with oxygen, indicative of the generation of reactive oxygen species. The interaction of the quinones β-lapachone, α-lapachone and nor-β-lapachone with DNA, was investigated using the technique of quartz crystal microbalance.To increase the solubility of the quinones, in order to allow in vivo studies, the formation of inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin was evaluated. Positive results were obtained, leading to a viable formulation alternative for further biological studies with the compounds. β-lapachone was studied spectroelectrochemically through the techniques of Polarization Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy + Cyclic Voltammetry to confirm the formation of the hydrogen bondfrom the electroreduced β-lapachone and the secondary hydroxy group of β-cyclodextrin. The inclusion complex betweenmangiferin, an antioxidant polyphenoland β-cyclodextrin, was confirmed using the techniques of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Polarization Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy. Also, the increase of the antioxidant activity of mangiferin was demonstrated when in presence of β-cyclodextrin, by means of radical scavenging activity toward 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (RSA-DPPH ), with additional analysis of solvent effects, being demonstrated that below 50% of organic solvent, it is impossible to work with this method. The assay of the capacity of oxygen radical absorbance capacity-fluorescein (ORAC-FL) was also used, showing that the complex mangiferin: β-cyclodextrin is fifteenfold more potent than the standard molecule,Trolox. Using Electrophoresis and Differential Pulse Voltammetry, it was possible to emphasize that the method used by our research group for the ssDNA production (treatment acid-base with heating) is useful, simple, cheap and completely reproducible, being this, one of the methods used to show the interaction between DNA and free or complexed thymol with cyclodextrin. This interaction was still evaluated using dsDNA biosensor through Differential Pulse Voltammetry, Electrochemistry Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Scanning Electrochemistry Microscopy. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Neste trabalho, derivados da nor-β-lapachona e nor-α-lapachona, foram estudados eletroquimicamente nos meios prótico (tampão fosfato e acetato) e aprótico (DMF + TBAP), utilizando carbono vítreo como eletrodo de trabalho.Os intermediáriosda eletro-redução das quinonas reagiram com oxigênio, indicativo da geração de Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio. A interação das quinonas β-lapachona, α-lapachona e nor-β-lapachona com DNAfoi investigada,utilizando-sea técnica de microbalança de cristal de quartzo. Com o objetivo de aumentar a solubilidade das quinonas, para posteriores estudos in vivo, foi avaliada a formação de complexos de inclusão com β-ciclodextrina, sendo a β-lapachona estudada espectroeletroquimicamente através das técnicas de Espectroscopia de Reflexão-Absorção no Infravermelho com Polarização Modulada + Voltametria Cíclica para confirmar a formação da ligação hidrogênio entre a hidroquinona gerada a partir da β-lapachonae as hidroxilas secundárias da β-ciclodextrina. A formação do complexo de inclusão entre a mangiferina, um composto antioxidante polifenólico, e a β-ciclodextrina foi confirmado utilizando-se as técnicas de Infravermelho com transformada de Fourier, Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Hidrogênio, Calorimetria Diferencial e Espectroscopia de Reflexão-Absorção no Infravermelho com Polarização Modulada. Foi,também, demonstrado o aumento da atividade antioxidante da xantona supracitada quando em presença de β-ciclodextrina através da medida da atividade sequestradora de radicais frente ao radical 2,2’-difenil-1-picrilidrazil (RSA-DPPH ),com análise adicional do efeito do solvente sendo assim demonstrado que abaixo de 50% de solvente orgânico, é impossível trabalhar com este método. O ensaio da capacidade de absorbância do radical oxigênio-fluoresceína (ORAC-FL) também foi utilizado, mostrando que o complexo mangiferina:β-ciclodextrina é quinze vezes mais potente que a molécula padrão trolox. Com a utilização de ensaios de Eletroforese e Voltametria de Pulso Diferencial, foi possível enfatizar que o método usado por nosso grupo de pesquisa para a produção de ssDNA (tratamento ácido-base com aquecimento) é útil, simples, barato e completamente reprodutível,sendo este um dos métodos utilizados para mostrar a interação entre DNA e timol livre e complexado com ciclodextrina. Esta interação foi ainda avaliada usando biossensor de dsDNA por Voltametria de Pulso Diferencial, Microbalança Eletroquímica de Cristal de Quartzo e Microscopia Eletroquímica de Varredura.

The Master´s thesis deals with description of the influence of cobalt additive on positive electrode parameters for Ni-Cd accumulators. Trough the use of Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance are analysed the effects which decline effective life of positive electrode during accelerated cycling. Theoretical part describes important characteristics of Ni-Cd accumulators, the working principle and effects which are in progress on positive electrode during cycling. The next part deals with description of system EQCM and the pricnciples of doping active mass with cobalt additive. Practical part consists of EQCM system calibration and electrochemical measurements. The principal aim is detection of the influence of cobalt additve on active mass during cycling in different electrolytes. From the results of measurements is set the optimal amount of cobalt additive.

The present work deals with the use of manganese oxide as a catalyst for positive electrode of fuel cells. The theoretical part is to analyze the problem of fuel cells, focusing on lowtemperature fuel cells. Are discussed and the methods of measurement and evaluation of properties of manganese oxide layer. The practical part deals with doping electrolytic manganese dioxide salts of divalent metals and monitoring their behavior in the cyclic voltammetry by the EQCM method.

This thesis deals with the establishment of zinc ions at the positive electrode of nickel-zinc batteries. The aim of the study was to measure the impedance characteristics of the positive electrode in various states of charge and observing the effect of ZnO on the changes of impedance spectra. The theoretical part is focused on nickel hydroxide as a construction material for positive electrode and its behavior during cycling in the electrolyte. The experimental part describes in detail the manufacture of the electrode system and the preparation of electrolytes with different degrees of saturation with zinc oxide. The cells were cycled and measured using impedance spectroscopy. The measured impedance curves were simulated with equivalent circuits for a better understanding of the ongoing processes.

This dissertation work deals with analysis of nickel hydroxide phases, their oxidation compounds, their stability and degradation mechanisms of electrochemically more active alpha phase on standard beta phase. The active material was prepared by both methods, electrodeposition and chemical precipitation. Main analysis method was Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance in combination with common analytical methods (cyclic voltammetry, potenciometry) can resolute between alpha and beta phases and quantitatively describe differences in main reaction by monitoring mass changes in the active material. Poor stability of the ?-Ni(OH)2 were improved by adding cations with valence two three and four into the structure instead of Ni atoms. The most important role plays cobalt and its hydroxide. Totally new way is to use titanium in combination with other cations. In electrolyte the most significant addition is LiOH, which has beneficial influent on cycle ability, stability in strong alkaline medium and cycle life.

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No description available.