Orientador: Gilberto de Martino Jannuzzi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T04:11:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_ConradoAugustusde_D.pdf: 1056695 bytes, checksum: d0aeb827d11493c0838ab660284b9077 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Os padrões de eficiência energética são mecanismos de política pública responsáveis por significativas economias de energia em muitos países. Em 2007, foram lançadas no Brasil, as primeiras regulamentações específicas que estabeleceram padrões mínimos de eficiência energética para refrigeradores e aparelhos de ar condicionado. Porém, a ausência de procedimentos de avaliação dos impactos destes padrões no consumo de energia do país dificulta uma abordagem mais específica da contribuição da eficiência energética no planejamento energético. Esta tese propõe uma metodologia para estimar os impactos do estabelecimento de padrões de eficiência energética para refrigeradores, aparelhos de ar condicionado, televisores e lâmpadas. São avaliadas as relações entre custo e eficiência energética sob a perspectiva da sociedade e dos consumidores. É verificada a possibilidade de aumento das restrições dos padrões existentes e a oportunidade de ampliação da abrangência dos padrões para outros equipamentos / Abstract: Energy efficiency standards are policy mechanisms responsible for significant energy saving in several countries. In Brasil in year 2007 was launched the first regulation for residential appliances establishing minimum energy efficiency standards for refrigerators and air conditioners. However the lack of impact evaluation of energy savings due the standards adopted do not allow the properly account the contribution of energy efficiency at the national energy planning level. This thesis contributes developing a methodology for estimating the impacts of energy efficiency standards for refrigerators, air conditioners, television sets and light bulbs. A cost-benefit analysis for improved standards is presented under the perspective of the society and the consumers. It is analyzed the possibility of enforce higher levels of existing standards and the possibility of extending the implementation of standards for other equipment / Doutorado / Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos / Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

Today, freight volumes on roads have gone up to a level that there is a need for alternative transport modes. Short Sea Shipping (SSS) is one alternative with a potential that can help reduce the high traffic on roads. Most SSS systems use vessels whereby cargo is rolled on and off using a ramp with very small capacities usually less than 500 TEU, but with increasing cargo traffic, it is not clear if such solutions will be efficient. For ports involved in SSS to meet up this new wave of change, the challenge to make appropriate investments and analysis tools is important. The type of vessel suitable for a SSS operation (such as roll-on roll-off (RoRo), lift-on lift-off (LoLo) etc) has been addressed in this thesis based on their compatibility and cost effectiveness with the terminal equipments. The purpose of this study is to develop an optimization model that can be incorporated into a Computer Decision Support System (DSS) for selecting equipments including ships at a strategic level for investments in handling unitised cargo at port terminals in the context of Short Sea Shipping (SSS). The main contribution of the thesis is the application of computer science techniques in the domain of strategic decision making related to the configuration of complex systems (e.g. interrelationships between ships and equipments) with choices of handling equipment. From modelling the selection of port terminal equipments for SSS, we realised that while integer linear programming is a promising approach for studying such systems, it remains a challenge to handle complex issues in depth especially in relation to the quay crane due to interdependencies between time, cost and capacity of equipments. Model results indicates that a LoLo vessel with a capacity between (500 and 1000 TEU) capable of completing a SSS voyage such that handling is done within 48 hours will be less costly than a RoRo that does it with multiple voyages or one voyage each for multiple RoRo vessels for TEU volumes greater than 1000. But RoRo vessels remain useful for trailers that cannot be transported by LoLo vessels. containers. / Lotsgatan 14 374 35, Karlshamn Mobile: 0046 768 85 67 13

The National Science Foundation estimates that two million skilled nanotechnology workers will be needed world wide by 2015 – one million of them in the United States (2001). In the absence of scientific clarity about the potential health effects of occupational exposure to nanoparticles, guidance in decision making about hazards, risk, and controls takes on new importance. Currently, guiding principles on personal protective equipment for workers who come in contact with nanomaterials have not been standardized universally. Utilizing the NASATLX, this dissertation investigates the adequacy and shortcomings of research efforts that seek to determine whether or not occupational exposure to nanomaterials while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) is or is not potentially frustrating to the worker. While wearing PPE does the worker perceive additional effort, performance, physical, mental or temporal demands or are not impacted during task performance.

Considerando a temática do mobiliário, este trabalho estuda, levanta e analisa as mudanças formais e funcionais ocorridas nas estantes residenciais de sala para equipamentos de som e imagem, a partir de 1950, data da chegada ao Brasil dos primeiros aparelhos de televisão, até os dias atuais. Tem como objetivo determinar quais os fatores que propiciaram ou condicionaram as alterações neste móvel, que vem acompanhando a evolução dos equipamentos aos quais dá suporte, considerando aspectos tecnológicos (processos produtivos, materiais utilizados), de projeto (concepção fundamentada ou não no Design de Produtos) ou sociais (relações com o usuário e com os ambientes onde está inserido). Para conhecimento dos processos produtivos atualmente empregados na fabricação das estantes e os produtos resultantes, procedeu-se a uma pesquisa qualitativa de dados primários, apoiada no estudo de casos de algumas empresas participantes do APL Movelaria Paulista (marca do Arranjo Produtivo Local de Móveis da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo). Os resultados retratam os modos de conceber e produzir estantes de madeira para uso residencial, que dão suporte aos equipamentos de som e imagem, apontando algumas categorias de marcenarias, estabelecidas em função do tipo de projeto e de produção decorrentes das trajetórias de cada empresa em direção à industrialização. / Concerning the furniture theme, this study raises and analyses changes regarding formats and functions that have occured in image and sound equipments in residential living rooms racks from 1950, date in which the first TV sets were introduced in Brazil, up today. The purpose is to determine which factors allowed or conditioned changes in this kind of furniture, keeping up with the evolution of the equipments to which gives support, considering the following aspects: technological (production processes, materials), project (product or non-product based conception design) or social (users and environment interaction in which it is inserted). In order to become acquainted with the productive processes currently used in rack manufacturing and related products, a primary qualitative data survey was conducted, supported by case studies of several companies that participate in the APL Movelaria Paulista (brand of São Paulo Metropolitan Area Furniture Productive Arrangement). The results portrait the ways to conceive and produce residential wood racks which give support to image and sound equipments, indicating several categories of wood furniture industries, established according to type of project and production line each company developed along the years, as it stepped into the industrialization age.

Considerando a temática do mobiliário, este trabalho estuda, levanta e analisa as mudanças formais e funcionais ocorridas nas estantes residenciais de sala para equipamentos de som e imagem, a partir de 1950, data da chegada ao Brasil dos primeiros aparelhos de televisão, até os dias atuais. Tem como objetivo determinar quais os fatores que propiciaram ou condicionaram as alterações neste móvel, que vem acompanhando a evolução dos equipamentos aos quais dá suporte, considerando aspectos tecnológicos (processos produtivos, materiais utilizados), de projeto (concepção fundamentada ou não no Design de Produtos) ou sociais (relações com o usuário e com os ambientes onde está inserido). Para conhecimento dos processos produtivos atualmente empregados na fabricação das estantes e os produtos resultantes, procedeu-se a uma pesquisa qualitativa de dados primários, apoiada no estudo de casos de algumas empresas participantes do APL Movelaria Paulista (marca do Arranjo Produtivo Local de Móveis da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo). Os resultados retratam os modos de conceber e produzir estantes de madeira para uso residencial, que dão suporte aos equipamentos de som e imagem, apontando algumas categorias de marcenarias, estabelecidas em função do tipo de projeto e de produção decorrentes das trajetórias de cada empresa em direção à industrialização. / Concerning the furniture theme, this study raises and analyses changes regarding formats and functions that have occured in image and sound equipments in residential living rooms racks from 1950, date in which the first TV sets were introduced in Brazil, up today. The purpose is to determine which factors allowed or conditioned changes in this kind of furniture, keeping up with the evolution of the equipments to which gives support, considering the following aspects: technological (production processes, materials), project (product or non-product based conception design) or social (users and environment interaction in which it is inserted). In order to become acquainted with the productive processes currently used in rack manufacturing and related products, a primary qualitative data survey was conducted, supported by case studies of several companies that participate in the APL Movelaria Paulista (brand of São Paulo Metropolitan Area Furniture Productive Arrangement). The results portrait the ways to conceive and produce residential wood racks which give support to image and sound equipments, indicating several categories of wood furniture industries, established according to type of project and production line each company developed along the years, as it stepped into the industrialization age.

Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been considered as a promising technology to handle computation-intensive and latency-sensitive tasks for mobile user equipments (UEs) in next-generation mobile networks. Mobile UEs can offload these tasks to nearby edge servers, which are typically deployed on base stations (BSs) that are equipped with computation resources. Thus, the task execution latency as well as the energy consumption of mobile devices can be reduced. Mobility management has played a fundamental role in MEC, which associates UEs with the appropriate BSs. In the existing handover decision-making process, the communication costs dominate. However, in edge scenario, the computation capacity constraints should also be considered. Due to user mobility, mobile UEs are nonuniformly distributed over time and space. Edge servers in hot-spot areas can be overloaded while others are underloaded. When edge servers are densely deployed, each UE may have multiple choices to offload its tasks. Instead, if edge servers are sparsely deployed, UEs may only have one option for task offloading. This aggravates the unbalanced workload of the deployed edge servers. Therefore, how to serve the dynamic hot-spot areas needs to be addressed in different edge server deployment scenarios. Considering these two scenarios discussed above, two problems are addressed in this thesis: 1) with densely deployed edge servers, for each mobile UE, how to choose the appropriate edge servers independently without full system information is inves- tigated, and 2) with sparsely deployed edge servers, how to serve dynamic hot-spot areas in an efficient and flexible way is emphasized. First, with BSs densely de- ployed in hot-spot areas, mobile UEs can offload their tasks to one of the available edge servers nearby. However, precise full system information such as the server workload can be hard to be synchronized in real time, which also introduces extra signaling overhead for mobility management decision-making. Thus, a user-centric reinforcement-learning-based mobility management scheme is proposed to handle sys- tem uncertainties. Each UE observes the task latency and automatically learns the optimal mobility management strategy through trial and feedback. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme manifests superiority in dealing with system uncer- tainties. When compared with the traditional received signal strength (RSS)-based handover scheme, the proposed scheme reduces the task execution latency by about 30%. Second, fixed edge servers that are sparsely deployed around mobile UEs are not flexible enough to deal with time-varying task offloading. Dispatching mobile servers is formulated as a variable-sized bin-packing problem with geographic constraints. A novel online unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-mounted edge server dispatching scheme is proposed to provide flexible mobile-to-mobile edge computing services. UAVs are dispatched to the appropriate hover locations by identifying the hot-spot areas sequen- tially. Theoretical analysis is provided with the worst-case performance guarantee. Extensive evaluations driven by real-world mobile requests show that, with a given task finish time, the mobile dispatching scheme can serve 59% more users on aver- age when compared with the fixed deployment. In addition, the server utilization reaches 98% during the daytime with intensive task requests. Utilizing both the fixed and mobile edge servers can satisfy even more UE demands with fewer UAVs to be dispatched and a better server utilization. To sum up, not only the communication condition but also the computation lim- itation have an impact on the edge server selection and mobility management in MEC. Moreover, dispatching mobile edge servers can be an effective and flexible way to supplement the fixed servers and deal with dynamic offloading requests. / Graduate

O método nuclear gamaespectrométrico vem ganhando espaço em diversas aplicações como fornecer a informação médica em um paciente ou de uma galáxia distante, detectar radioatividade para fins de segurança e medir a concentração de radioelementos em um mineral ou rocha. Esta dissertação apresenta um projeto e implementação de um espectrômetro gama digital conectado a um conjunto detector contendo cristal cintilador de iodeto de sódio dopado com tálio. O hardware é baseado em um dispositivo lógico programável da família CoolRunner II da Xilinx e um conversor analógico-digital de 80 MHz da Analog Devices. A aquisição de dados é executada em um computador pessoal comum. As linguagens de programação utilizadas foram VHDL e C#. O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar todas as etapas necessárias para o desenvolvimento de um gamaespectrômetro digital e inclui pesquisa bibliográfica, estudo do equipamento, modelagem dos cristais, simulação do projeto de um gamaespectrômetro, montagem do circuito eletrônico, desenvolvimento do processamento e lógica do circuito, criação do software de aquisição dos dados em tempo real e apresentação dos resultados obtidos. / The gammaspectrometric method has been used for diverse applications as to supply the medical information in a patient or a distant galaxy, to detect radioactivity at airport and to measure the concentration of radioelements in a mineral or rock. This work presents a digital gammaspectrometer project and implementation for acquisition of radiometric data, the spectrometer is connected to a gamma-ray detector NaI(Tl). The two main components in hardware are complex programmable logical device of the family CoolRunner II Xilinx and an 80 MHz analog to digital converter of brand Analog Devices. The acquisition of data is executed in a common personal computer. The programming languages used are VHDL and C#. The objective of this work is to present all the needful stages for the digital gammaspectrometry development that includes theorem, equipment studying, crystal modeling, gammaspectrometry modeling and simulation, electronic circuit assembly, processing and logic circuit development, data acquisition software in real time development and presentation of results.

O conhecimento dos equipamentos e metodologias para o controle e redução de perdas reais em sistemas de abastecimento de água tem assumido um papel importante no setor de saneamento, diante da necessidade de sustentabilidade e conservação ambiental. Este trabalho apresenta os principais equipamentos utilizados em detecção acústica de vazamentos não visíveis, dentro de suas variáveis, vantagens e desvantagens para cada tipo e possibilidade de aplicação e permite aos gestores a escolha dos equipamentos em função de suas necessidades e possibilidades. Apresenta os princípios físicos que norteiam o funcionamento dos equipamentos, nos estudos do comportamento do som nos vários ambientes envolvidos, bem como na capacidade humana em discernir esses sons. A metodologia para essa atividade é fortemente influenciada por esses fatores e seu conhecimento é fundamental para o sucesso dos trabalhos de detecção de vazamentos por detecção acústica. Equipamentos e metodologias de detecção de vazamentos não acústicos têm sido cada vez mais utilizados e são apresentadas as suas principais características e aplicabilidades. O estudo da VRP e do booster, bem como os procedimentos e padrões para os ramais prediais de ligação de água, podem ser utilizados para o efetivo controle e redução de perdas reais em sistemas de abastecimento de água. / The knowledge and methodologies of the equipments for the control and reduction of real losses in the water supply systems have assumed an important role in the sanitation sector, face to the necessity of sustainability and environmental preservation. This study presents the main equipments used in the acoustic leakage detection, exploring its variables, advantages and disadvantages for each type and application possibilities, giving to the managers the choice of the equipments considering their necessities and possibilities. It presents the physical principles that direct the equipments working in the studies of sound behavior in the different environments involved, such as the human capacity to identifying these sounds. The methodology for this activity is strongly influenced by these factors and its knowledge is fundamental for the success of the leakage detection works by acoustic detection. Equipments and methodologies of non-acoustic leakage detection have been more and more used and its main characteristics and uses are presented in this study. The RPV and boosters study, such as the procedures and standards to buildings extensions of the water connection, can be used for the effective control and reduction of the real looses in the water supply systems.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-20T17:33:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 design_inovacao.pdf: 12339255 bytes, checksum: f4f104bc594bc4e38846d16b3fc52929 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-20T17:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 design_inovacao.pdf: 12339255 bytes, checksum: f4f104bc594bc4e38846d16b3fc52929 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-22 / Nenhuma / O design no setor saúde vem sendo pouco discutido e pesquisado, carecendo de referencial teórico de suporte para estudos aprofundados. Praticamente não constam na literatura estudos que considerem o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria de equipamentos médico-hospitalares no Brasil. Esta dissertação tem como propósito reduzir tal lacuna, avaliando os processos de design e inovação. Para tanto, aborda as seguintes etapas: i) mapeamento do setor e classificação das empresas; ii) construção de escala para mensurar design e inovação no setor saúde; iii) pesquisa survey, realizada com empresas de diferentes categorias de equipamentos, avaliando o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos bem como o design e inovação; iv) estudo de caso em empresa de instrumental cirúrgico para verificar a aderência da mesma aos dados obtidos pela pesquisa survey. Como resultado, foi construído um quadro referencial quanto ao desenvolvimento de produtos no setor e a participação do processo de design e inovação no segmento médico-hospitalar. Propôs-se então, um modelo de desenvolvimento de produtos a partir do design estratégico e outro de inovação pelo design. / Design in health sector has been little discussed and researched, lacking theoretical reference as a support for deeper studies. In literature, practically there are no studies that consider product development process for medical equipment industry in Brazil. This dissertation aims to reduce this gap by assessing the design and innovation processes. Therefore, includes the following steps: i) sector mapping and companies classification, ii) construction of a scale to measure design and innovation at health sector, iii) survey research conducted with companies in several equipment categories, evaluating product development process as well as design and innovation, iv) a case study in a surgical instrument company to verify adherence to the same data obtained by survey research. As a result, it was constructed a reference framework related to product development in the sector and the participation of design and innovation processes in healthcare segment. So, it was proposed a model of product development from strategic design and another of innovation through design.

A previsão de demanda permite às organizações o reconhecimento de sua curva perfil de demanda, sendo uma ferramenta para gerir estoques, nivelando-os de forma a não estagnar valores monetários, bem como possuir volumes de produtos suficientes para atender à carteira de clientes. Em diversas aplicações, no entanto, faz-se necessária a integração de métodos quantitativos aos métodos qualitativos de previsão de demanda para assegurar níveis mais precisos dos itens a serem produzidos. Uma previsão de demanda adequada também auxiliar na concepção de políticas adequadas de gestão de matérias-primas, gestão essa que tipicamente se apoia no método MRP (Material Requirements Planning). Esta dissertação aplica sistemáticas de previsão de demanda e MRP em um setor de implementos rodoviários do segmento metal-mecânico. Para tanto, os passos metodológicos estão estruturados na seguinte ordem: (i) Coleta e tratamento dos dados históricos de demanda; (ii) Seleção do modelo de previsão de demanda quantitativo; (iii) Ajuste das previsões através da opinião de especialistas; (iv) Geração da matriz BOM; e (v) Geração do relatório MRP, com as solicitações de reposição pertinentes. Com a projeção da previsão de demanda, foi possível prospectar a aquisição de matérias-primas de forma a aprimorar a gestão dos recursos. Os resultados deste estudo agregaram ao segmento metal-mecânico um modelo sistemático de previsão de demanda, com isso, o setor de implementos rodoviários, o qual é um ramo existente há pouco mais que três décadas, aderiu traços competitivos em relação ao mercado consumidor através de métodos de gestão conceituados. / Demand forecasting enables organizations to recognize their demand profile curve, being a tool for managing inventories, leveling them so as not to stagnate monetary values, as well as having enough product volumes to serve the customer portfolio. In several applications, however, it is necessary to integrate quantitative methods with qualitative methods of forecasting demand to ensure more precise levels of the items to be produced. An adequate demand forecast will also assist in the design of appropriate raw material management policies, which typically rely on the MRP (Material Requirements Planning) method. This dissertation applies demand forecasting and MRP systems in a sector of road implements of the metal-mechanical segment. Therefore, the methodological steps are structured in the following order: (i) Collection and treatment of historical demand data; (ii) Selection of the quantitative demand forecast model; (iii) Adjustment of forecasts through expert opinion; (iv) Generation of the BOM matrix; and (v) Generation of the MRP report, with relevant replacement requests. Based on the generated forecasting, it was possible to prospect the acquisition of raw materials in order to improve the management of the resources. The results of this study added to the metal-mechanical segment a systematic model of demand forecasting. In this way, the sector of road implements, which is a branch that has existed for more than three decades, has adhered to competitive characteristics in relation to the consumer market through management methods.