The main goal of this thesis is to design a furniture piece for a public interior and produce a prototype in 1:1 scale, which should reveal the right approach to the design, setting of proportions, ergonomics, and use of proper materials in line with international safety standards. The first part of the work is based on the research of historical and modern trends in seating and upholstery, anthropology, and regulations concerning furniture making. The second part contains the design process, drafts and sketches, choice of materials, technical drawings and construction of the functional model itself, including the use of theoretical information obtained during the design process and previously summarized in the first part of the thesis.

Thesis deals with furniture and interior ergonomics for the physically handicapped children in wheelchair. Provides information about the problems of disability and physically disabled children needs. Thesis defines the requierements for creating an amiable interior and barrier-free furniture. The thesis goal is design furniture and room for physically disabled child and define physically disabled child outreach possibilities.

The main contents of the diploma thesis is the design of sitting furniture with a focus on dynamic sitting. Dynamics sitting is achieved here by possibility to tilt forward the sitting element. The work is divided into two main parts. The first deals with the theory, especially with the sitting issue, ergonomics, alternative sitting, safety, history of sitting furniture and the review of used materials. The second part is focused on the design, consisting of research and each stage of design. That means sketching, 3D modeling, production of a working model and prototyping. The result is a design of sitting furniture, allowing dynamic sitting.

Master thesis about seating furniture is divided into two parts . The theoretical part includes topics such as ergonomics and standards. Introduction is explaining the terms and ideas with which the whole work is dealt with. The theoretical part includes a chapter in which is explained and shown the inspiration. During the creating process I also focused on the psychology of products in general and its application to a specific product. In this chapter I devote more material on how to use information that I collected to meet predetermined specifications. The practical part contains sketches, selection of materials, visualisations. It also contains technological process of creating a prototype. Master thesis ends with general evaluation and discussion.

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Dissertation deals with the problem of seating furniture and its evaluation in terms of typology, ergonomics, safety, quality of design, used materials, ecology and other properties important for its optimal use and function in the public interior. It defines methodology for its evaluation and appropriateness of use in the given interior and for a given purpose. Ageing population brings the need for adjustment of the interior; the work clarifies the requirements for creating of non-discriminatory environment from the point of view of people with limitations and seniors. Proposal to amend the regulations is based on the analysis of normalized values, the results of the current anthropometrical survey and addition of parameters that were processed by using ergonomic software.

Long-term work with computer spent in non-physiological position may be the cause of many health problems, but also leads to less performance of the workers. For these reasons, both employees and employers should be concerned about the correct ergonomics of working places and jointly create a healthy and pleasant environment for work. The topic of this thesis is very relevant due to the fact that still more people have been working in administration and with computer. The purpose of the thesis was to determine the level of implementation of ergonomic requirements on workstation for employees working in the office and suggest corrective actions to improve their working conditions. The survey was conducted in the administrative facility of a company, where the employees work in open space offices. Data were obtained using a questionnaire survey and subjective views of the workers were objectively verified by ergonomic measurement of workstations according to the valid legislation. For the research were established the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: The Ergonomics of workstations is inconvenient. Hypothesis 2: Workers with health problems of the musculoskeletal system more often sit in a wrong position during work. Hypothesis 3: Length of continuous work with the computer has an impact on the incidence of health problems. Hypothesis 4: Comfort at work is affected by the use of ergonomic aids. After evaluating the results, it was found that the only hypothesis that was confirmed was hypothesis 3. The other hypotheses were refuted. According to the results employees have got appropriate working conditions. T results will be provided to employer, who can make the conditions even more improved and more accurately adjusted. In addition, a flyer will be created as an output for practice, which will contain picture of the correct working position and instructions on how to simply set up the furniture so that the correct position could be reached.

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Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la simulation par mannequins numériques de l’homme (en anglais Digital Human models ou DHM) en vue d’applications ergonomiques. Plus précisément, il s’intéresse à la modélisation du système musculosquelettique et des efforts musculaires développés au cours du mouvement.Dans un première partie est présenté le développement numérique de modèles musculosquelettiques du membre inférieur et supérieur sous l’environnement Matlab. Ces modèles ont été évalués par examen des bras de levier musculaires pour la géométrie, et par comparaison avec des mesures expérimentales de couples articulaires maximaux (FMV) pour les efforts prédits.Dans une seconde partie, le modèle musculosquelettique du membre inférieur a été utilisé pour évaluer le rôle des muscles bi-articulaires au cours de la marche. Pour cela deux méthodes de calcul des efforts musculaires ont été utilisées, permettant de mettre en évidence les particularités fonctionnelles de ces muscles. Les résultats indiquent notamment que la prise en compte des muscles bi-articulaires est nécessaire à une estimation correcte des efforts musculaires et des efforts de contact articulaires, potentielles sources d’inconfort.Puis ont été étudiés les capacités d’effort maximale en flexion-extension isométrique du coude. L’expérimentation a été effectuée au sein de l’INRETS de Bron et comprenait 9 sujets volontaires masculins. Cette étude a permis d’évaluer le modèle numérique développé en termes de prédiction de capacités d’effort, ainsi que d’ouvrir la voie à des méthodes de scaling permettant d’ajuster un modèle musculosquelettique au sujet étudié. / This work deals with the use of Digital Human models (DHM) for ergonomic applications. More precisely, it focuses on the modelling of the musculoskeletal system and muscular forces developed during movement.In the first part, the development of numerical musculoskeletal models of the lower and upper limbs under the Matlab environment is presented. These models were evaluated by examination of the muscles’ lever arms (for geometry) and by experimental measurements of maximum voluntary force (MVF) (for predicted muscle forces).In a second part, the lower limb muscular model was used to evaluate the role of biarticular muscles during gait. To achieve this, two methods were used, allowing to highlight the functional specificities of these muscles. The results indicate in particular that taking into account biarticular muscles is necessary to a correct estimation of muscle forces and joint contact forces, which are potential discomfort sources.Finally, the maximal force capacity of isometric elbow flexion-extension has been studied. The goal was to set up scaling methods allowing to fit the muscular model to the studied subject’s capacities. The experiment took place at INRETS, and implicated 9 male voluntary subjects. This study allowed to evaluate the model in terms of maximal force capacity prediction, and openend the path to new scaling methods for musculoskeletal models.