Chez les patients atteints d’un cancer du sein ou de la prostate, le tissu osseux est souvent le siège de métastases qui présentent un phénotype essentiellement lytique dans le cas des métastases dérivant du cancer du sein, ou mixte (combinaison de lyse et de formation osseuse) dans le cas d’un cancer de la prostate. Le récepteur ERRalpha est impliqué dans la physiologie osseuse et il est considéré comme un facteur de mauvais pronostic dans ces deux types de cancers. Nous avons donc émis l’hypothèse qu'il pourrait être impliqué dans la formation des métastases osseuses associées à ces deux cancers. Nous avons observé que, dans les deux cas, ERRalpha stimule la progression tumorale au site primaire via la stimulation de l'angiogenèse et de l'expression du VEGF. Concernant les métastases osseuses dérivant du cancer du sein, ERRalpha inhibe les lésions ostéolytiques via la modulation de l'ostéoclastogenèse et de l'expression de son inhibiteur, l’OPG. A l'inverse, l'expression de ERRalpha stimule la formation de lésions lytiques induites par les cellules de cancer de la prostate en induisant l'expression du TGF-beta, de MCP-1 et de la cathépsine K, tout en induisant des zones de formation osseuse via la régulation de l'expression de l'OPG, de l’endothéline-1 et de membres de la famille Wnt. Ces résultats confirment la valeur de facteur de mauvais pronostic de ERRalpha dans la tumeur primaire. De plus, ils révèlent, pour la première fois, son implication dans le développement des métastases osseuses et suggèrent une dualité fonctionnelle de ERRalpha, comme inhibiteur et stimulateur du développement des métastases osseuses du cancer du sein et de la prostate, respectivement. Ces résultats suggèrent des mécanismes d'action différents pouvant dépendre des cellules tumorales mais aussi du microenvironnement et du statut hormonal / Breast cancer and prostate cancer patients, often developed bone metastases. As ERRalpha, an orphan nuclear receptor, is involved in bone physiology and is considered as a bad prognosis factor in breast and prostate cancer, we hypothesize that it can be implicated in bone metastasis development that derived from breast and prostate cancers. While we found that, in both cases, ERRalpha stimulates the development of the primary tumor through regulation of angiogenesis and VEGF expression, we show that ERRalpha inhibits osteolytic lesions from breast cancer cells via the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and OPG expression. On the other side ERRalpha stimulates osteolytic lesions from prostate cancer through regulation of TGFbeta, MCP-1 and cathepsin K expression while inducing new bone formation combine with OPG, endothelin-1, and Wnts regulation. All together, our results confirmed ERRalpha as a bad prognosis factor in breast and prostate primary tumors. They also show a dual function of ERRalpha in bone metastasis development as an inhibitor and a stimulator of bone metastasis derived from breast and prostate cancer respectively which suggest different ERRalpha mechanisms that may depend of cancer cells but also of the microenvironment and hormonal status

The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) core structure is explored as a steroidomimetic nucleus with attractive pharmaceutical properties. A library was synthesised employing Pomeranz-Fritsch, Pictet-Spengler, Bischler-Napieralski strategies yielding 77 final targets, substituted at every position, for biological evaluation. Complementary strategies overcame synthetic difficulties, sometimes yielding two products in a single cyclisation. Three compounds were initially tested against a panel of 19 nuclear receptors (NRs) and exhibited broad substitution-dependent activity. 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-ol fully inhibited every NR at 100 µM, confirming the THIQ as a lead for optimisation. Compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against 60 cell lines by the NCI (USA), exhibiting moderate to insignificant cytotoxicity. Three compounds showed ca. 30-90% of average growth inhibition and were selected for a five dose test. Off-target evaluation highlighted compounds with activity against glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion, calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonism and with >100% inhibition against the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2. Estrogen receptor-related receptor α (ERRα), a constitutively active orphan NR, is a hormone-dependent cancer target and diethylstilboestrol (DES), a known inverse agonist, possesses similarities to THIQs. THIQs tested against ERRα revealed no general SAR rules, but showed a lower degree of efficacy in a commercial TR-FRET assay, with 1-benzyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-ol showing 79% efficacy at 100 µM as an inverse agonist, being more active than DES (64% at 100 µM). Inhibition of steroidogenic enzymes like 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) is an emerging approach for the treatment of HDBC, compared to other current clinical strategies. THIQs evaluated against 17β-HSD1 showed good activity in both whole cell and cell lysate assays, with the best inhibitor, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-isopropyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-ol, possessing an IC50 value of 336 nM. The value of THIQ as a drug-like steroidomimetic scaffold is thus established and this work reveals straightforward strategies to optimise potency and selectivity for a range of potential targets by structural and stereochemical iteration.