Reconceptualization is needed for English language teaching as a response to English-as-an-international language (EIL) contexts. Correspondingly this will lead to what is called “an ecological approach” that invites accommodation of language-learning instruction to the local needs within discourse communities. In this research, the researcher will investigate the English for specific purposes (ESP) needs of business students to explore how best to address their expressed needs through subsequent tutoring. The ecological approach along with vocabulary teaching approach may look deeply into students’ needs. To assess their needs, a questionnaire was developed and administrated to international students in the College of Business and Public Administration (CBPA) at California State University, San Bernardino to investigate what students feel are their strengths as well as needs, in order to succeed in their business studies.

As a result of the development in foreign trade in Vietnam, there is a growing need for trained business executives and business people. A good command of spoken English is one of the most important qualifications of a foreign trade executive who needs English as a means of communicating with English speaking people in various business activities. At present, the responsibility for training students of commerce mainly rests with Hanoi Foreign Trade College. English language teaching in general, and the teaching of speaking skills in particular still leave much,to be desired. The students' oral proficiency is far from satisfactory. The purpose of this report is to explore the two main problematic areas in teaching speaking skills to students of commerce in Vietnam: syllabus design and teaching methods. The report consists of four chapters. Chapter one looks at some major theoretical problems and practical issues in English for Specific Purposes teaching. Chapter two provides an analysis of the teaching and learning situations at Hanoi Foreign Trade College and problems in teaching oral skills. Chapter three is mainly concerned with designing a communicative syllabus for the teaching of speaking skills to students of commerce. Chapter four deals with the theoretical assumptions and processes involved in oral communication and discusses some classroom methods and techniques in the light of the current communicative approach. This report should be regarded as an exploratory attempt in adopting the communicative approach to teaching oral skills to students of commerce in Vietnam.

The increasing number of economic and cultural aid programmes for Vietnam to reconstruct its war-torn economy in recent years from the United Nations Development Programme and other international and governmental organizations has created a great demand for English language teaching and learning in Vietnam. The language problems that face Vietnamese scientists and technicians working in these aid programmes have been a major concern of many educational institutions in Vietnam and a reason for the author of this Study Report to take up this study. Chapter one of this study covers major stages of development of the teaching of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and various factors that influence the teaching of ESP. Chapter two discusses some current issues in the teaching of ESP in Vietnam with special reference to course organization, syllabus and material design at the Hanoi Foreign Language College. It also points out some misunderstanding and misconception in the teaching of English to Vietnamese scientists and technicians. Chapter three looks at major language problems that Vietnamese students meet when they go to study at different colleges or universities in English speaking countries. A close investigation will be carried out over a number of Vietnamese veterinary doctors studying at the university of Queensland in Australia. Chapter four is concerned with the selection of suitable syllabus models for ESP/EAP courses at HFLC and also attempts to work out appropriate syllabuses for EAP courses for Vietnamese students going to study overseas. The final chapter suggests some further considerations for organizing ESP/EAP courses at HFLC especially for material production, ESP teacher training and ESP testing. It is hoped that this Study Report will give language teachers in the ESP Department at the Hanoi Foreign Languages College a clearer picture of what ESP is all about and provide some guidelines for successful organization of teaching ESP and EAP to Vietnamese students.

Thesis (Ph.D. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

The purpose of this study was to examine the English language needs of Tour Guidance students of Faculty of Applied Sciences at BaSkent University by referring to the perceptions of students, English instructors and curriculum coordinators and to see whether there was a relationship between students&amp / #8217 / attitude towards English language and their self ratings of learning and target needs. The data collection instruments used for the study were the attitude scale and student needs assessment questionnaire administered to forty-five students, ESP Identification Form administered to two curriculum coordinators and English Instructor Questionnaire administered to both of the curriculum coordinators and the three English instructors. The descriptive analysis of the data revealed that there were both similarities and differences among the perceptions of students, English instructors and curriculum coordinators with respect to the learning needs and target needs of students. Paired-Samples T Test results indicated need for most of the skills referring to learning and target needs. The relationship between students&amp / #8217 / attitude towards English language and their self ratings of learning and target needs came up to be of different values for the seven subdimensions of attitude. On the basis of the results of the study, it is suggested that speaking, listening and specialist vocabulary be emphasised more in order to fulfill the ESP needs of Tour Guidance students. Applying skill based syllabus as primary and situational and content approaches to syllabus design as subordinate is suggested to be effective as well. Using instructional materials appealing to the subdimensions of attitude is another suggestion presented.

During the reservoir production life reservoir pressure will decline. Also after water breakthrough the fluid column weight will increase as hydrostatic pressure will increase because of increased water and oil mixture density. In this case, reservoir pressure may not be enough to lift up the fluid from bottom to the surface. These reasons decrease or even may cause to stop flowing of fluids from the well. Some techniques must be applied to prevent the production decline. Artificial lift techniques are applied to add energy to the produced fluids. It increases production rate by reducing down-hole pressure and so that by increasing the drawdown. Artificial lift techniques increase production either by pumping the produced fluid from the bottom to the surface or reduce bottom-hole pressure by reducing the fluid column weight as a result of decreased fluid mixture density. Artificial lift is used worldwide in approximately 85% of the wells, thus its impact in overall efficiency and profitability of production operations cannot be overemphasized. The most important problem is how to select optimum artificial lift techniques by taking into consideration the reservoir, well, environmental conditions. Selection of poor technique could cause decrease in efficiency and low profitability. As a result, it will lead to high operating expenses. Several techniques have been developed for selection of optimum artificial lift techniques. Expert Systems (ES) is the most suitable technique used in these selection techniques. Because the use and availability of required parameters is easy. Also in this selection method most of the artificial lift techniques are analyzed rather than other selection techniques. Expert Systems program mainly consist of three modules: (1) Expert Module, (2) Design Module, and (3) Economic Module. By entering required data to the system, program automatically suggests the feasible artificial lift techniques those might be used referring to given data. In this thesis work the artificial lift selection criteria and Expert Systems available in the literature have been studied. A Microsoft Windows based program has been developed to predict suitability of artificial lift methods for a given set of wells and produced fluid parameters. For the selected artificial lift method (i.e. sucker rod pump, ESP, gas lift, hydraulic pump, PCP) the program is able to perform basic calculations for the given data. Different case studies have been performed by running the program with actual data from fields. Well data of Venezuela, Azerbaijan and Iranian oil fields has been used in case studies. The results have been compared with previous studies those have been done on these fields with other selection techniques and current artificial lift techniques are being applied in selected wells. The obtained program results have been overlap with current real field application and previous studies.

Teaching through specifically designed and produced learning materials is a widely used and accepted way of teaching in higher education both nationally and internationally. Although this kind of teaching is used mainly in the field of distance education, it has become increasingly popular at traditional universities in face-to-face methods of education. Developing language-learning materials that meets the needs of English for Specific Purposes learners is a process that requires meticulous planning as English for Specific Purposes courses are aimed at meeting the career needs of the learners. An empirical study was conducted to determine the perceptions and concerns of learners using the ENGL 122 study guide at the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus). The results of the study indicated that the learners were positive that the study guide enhanced their learning process, but various concerns were also raised by the learners. This study also aimed to create a framework for the writing of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) study guides. In order to achieve this, a literature study was done to provide information about the relevant theories and principles that apply to ESP study guide development. The literature study also included aspects that need to be taken into consideration when designing or planning the development of an ESP study guide. / Thesis (Ph.D. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Teaching through specifically designed and produced learning materials is a widely used and accepted way of teaching in higher education both nationally and internationally. Although this kind of teaching is used mainly in the field of distance education, it has become increasingly popular at traditional universities in face-to-face methods of education. Developing language-learning materials that meets the needs of English for Specific Purposes learners is a process that requires meticulous planning as English for Specific Purposes courses are aimed at meeting the career needs of the learners. An empirical study was conducted to determine the perceptions and concerns of learners using the ENGL 122 study guide at the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus). The results of the study indicated that the learners were positive that the study guide enhanced their learning process, but various concerns were also raised by the learners. This study also aimed to create a framework for the writing of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) study guides. In order to achieve this, a literature study was done to provide information about the relevant theories and principles that apply to ESP study guide development. The literature study also included aspects that need to be taken into consideration when designing or planning the development of an ESP study guide. / Thesis (Ph.D. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Variable frequency drives (VFD) and subsea (umbilical) cables are frequently used in electrical submersible pump (ESP) systems for offshore platforms. There are two basic system configurations for ESP systems; VFD can be installed on the platform and the motor is connected to it through an umbilical cable, and VFD and the motor are installed closely and they are connected to the system through an umbilical cable. In this thesis, the pros and cons of each configuration are mentioned, but the focus is on the system with a VFD controlled motor through a long umbilical cable. A 36-pulse VFD is studied. Since multilevel VFDs have high frequency harmonics, high frequency modeling of the umbilical cable is used, and skin effect is also taken into consideration in the cable. The effect of the interactions between the umbilical cable and high frequency harmonics on the motor terminal voltage is explored.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:49:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NerivaniaNG_DISSERT.pdf: 4462053 bytes, checksum: bf282e929e5cb41585970850c4d05edb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / The family Entomobryidae is one of the most diverse families of Collembola in Northeast Brazil. Data on its diversity may be considered undervalued due to low collection efforts in the region. In this study, five areas in the Northeast region were sampled, to evaluate the species richness of this family. The study was done in the Serra da Jib?ia, Santa Terezinha municipality, Bahia; Serra das Confus?es, Caracol municipality, Piau?; Chapada do Araripe, Crato municipality, Cear?; Mata do Pau-Ferro, Areia municipality, Para?ba and Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Ubajara municipality, Cear?, all considered humid areas of Caatinga. Collections were made using pitfall traps and entomological aspirators. All the collected material was screened, mounted on slides, identified and, finally, the descriptions of some of the new species encountered were made. A total of 48 Entomobryidae species belonging to nine genera were recorded and 27 of these were new to science, representing a percentage of 56.25% of the total. A new record for Brazil was identified and several new records were made to the States. Seira was the genus with wider distribution and it was the only one found in all areas and the most representative with the highest number of recorded species (26). This result was expected, because individuals of the genus Seira have a good adaptability to semi-arid environments, a fact that has already been proven in previous research. Seven new species of Seira were described. A dichotomous key to genera and species of Seirini from Brazil was drafted. This work demonstrates the great potential of Entomobryidae and Seirini in the Northeast, despite having been held in very restricted areas, obtained important results for the knowledge of fauna of the group / A fam?lia Entomobryidae ? uma das mais diversas fam?lias de Collembola do Nordeste Brasileiro. Dados sobre sua diversidade podem ser considerados subestimados devido ao baixo esfor?o de coleta na regi?o. No presente estudo, foram realizadas coletas em cinco localidades do Nordeste, nunca antes amostradas, objetivando avaliar a riqueza de esp?cies desta fam?lia. O estudo foi feito na Serra da Jib?ia, munic?pio de Santa Teresinha, Bahia; Serra das Confus?es, munic?pio de Caracol, Piau?; Chapada do Araripe, mun?cipio do Crato, Cear?; Mata do Pau-Ferro, munic?pio de Areia, Para?ba; e Parque Nacional de Ubajara, munic?pio de Ubajara, Cear?, todas consideradas ?reas ?midas da Caatinga. As coletas foram feitas utilizando-se armadilhas de queda do tipo pitfall e aspiradores entomol?gicos. Todo o material coletado foi triado, montado em l?minas, identificado e, por fim, foram feitas as descri??es de algumas das esp?cies novas encontradas. Um total de 48 esp?cies de Entomobryidae pertencentes a nove g?neros foram registradas e 27 destas s?o esp?cies novas para a ci?ncia, o que representa um percentual de 56,25% do total. Um novo registro de esp?cie para o Brasil foi identificado e novos registros para os estados foram feitos. O g?nero que possuiu distribui??o mais ampla foi Seira, o ?nico encontrado em todas as ?reas e o mais representativo com o maior n?mero de esp?cies registradas (26). Esse resultado j? era esperado, pois indiv?duos do g?nero Seira possuem uma boa adaptabilidade a ambientes semi-?ridos, fato que j? foi comprovado em pesquisas anteriores. Sete novas esp?cies do g?nero Seira foram descritas. Uma chave dicot?mica de identifica??o dos g?neros e esp?cies de Seirini com ocorr?ncia no Brasil foi elaborada. Este trabalho demonstrou o grande potencial de Entomobryidae e Seirini no Nordeste, visto que, apesar de ter sido realizado em ?reas bem restritas, obteve resultados importantes para o conhecimento da fauna do grupo