The aim of this thesis is to draft and implement high-speed encryptor of network trafic with throughput 10Gb/s in one way. It has been implementated for FPGA Xilinx Virtex5vlx155t placed on card COMBOv2-LXT. The encryption is based on AES algorithm using 128 bit key length. The security protokol is ESP in version for protokol IPv4. Design is fully synthesizable with tool Xilinx ISE 11.3, however it is not tested on real hardware. Tests in simulation works fine.

Recent studies on pronunciation teaching in ESL classrooms have found that the teaching of suprasegmentals, namely stress, pausing, and intonation, has a great effect on improving intelligibility (Derwing, Munro, & Wiebe, 1998; Kang, Rubin, & Pickering, 2010; Morley, 1991). The current project describes the development and implementation of computer-based pronunciation materials used for an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) program. The pronunciation program made use of cued pronunciation readings (CPRs) which used suprasegmentals and were developed for English as a second language (ESL) missionaries at the Provo, Utah, Missionary Training Center (MTC). Because there was no pronunciation program in place at the MTC, instructional materials that focused on prosodic features were greatly needed. Missionaries participated in the program anywhere from three to six weeks. Results from the implementation period revealed that missionaries made medium to large gains in their ability to perceive suprasegmentals after using the practice tasks and small-medium gains in their ability to produce suprasegmentals during this short time period. Recommendations for further development, implementation, and testing of similar materials are made for use with individuals in other ESP settings like these missionaries at the MTC.

No description available.

No description available.

Event stream processing (ESP) applications enable the real-time processing of continuous flows of data. Algorithmic trading, network monitoring, and processing data from sensor networks are good examples of applications that traditionally rely upon ESP systems. In addition, technological advances are resulting in an increasing number of devices that are network enabled, producing information that can be automatically collected and processed. This increasing availability of on-line data motivates the development of new and more sophisticated applications that require low-latency processing of large volumes of data. ESP applications are composed of an acyclic graph of operators that is traversed by the data. Inside each operator, the events can be transformed, aggregated, enriched, or filtered out. Some of these operations depend only on the current input events, such operations are called stateless. Other operations, however, depend not only on the current event, but also on a state built during the processing of previous events. Such operations are, therefore, named stateful. As the number of ESP applications grows, there are increasingly strong requirements, which are often difficult to satisfy. In this dissertation, we address two challenges created by the use of stateful operations in a ESP application: (i) stateful operators can be bottlenecks because they are sensitive to the order of events and cannot be trivially parallelized by replication; and (ii), if failures are to be tolerated, the accumulated state of an stateful operator needs to be saved, saving this state traditionally imposes considerable performance costs. Our approach is to evaluate the use of speculation to address these two issues. For handling ordering and parallelization issues in a stateful operator, we propose a speculative approach that both reduces latency when the operator must wait for the correct ordering of the events and improves throughput when the operation in hand is parallelizable. In addition, our approach does not require that user understand concurrent programming or that he or she needs to consider out-of-order execution when writing the operations. For fault-tolerant applications, traditional approaches have imposed prohibitive performance costs due to pessimistic schemes. We extend such approaches, using speculation to mask the cost of fault tolerance.

Event stream processing (ESP) applications enable the real-time processing of continuous flows of data. Algorithmic trading, network monitoring, and processing data from sensor networks are good examples of applications that traditionally rely upon ESP systems. In addition, technological advances are resulting in an increasing number of devices that are network enabled, producing information that can be automatically collected and processed. This increasing availability of on-line data motivates the development of new and more sophisticated applications that require low-latency processing of large volumes of data. ESP applications are composed of an acyclic graph of operators that is traversed by the data. Inside each operator, the events can be transformed, aggregated, enriched, or filtered out. Some of these operations depend only on the current input events, such operations are called stateless. Other operations, however, depend not only on the current event, but also on a state built during the processing of previous events. Such operations are, therefore, named stateful. As the number of ESP applications grows, there are increasingly strong requirements, which are often difficult to satisfy. In this dissertation, we address two challenges created by the use of stateful operations in a ESP application: (i) stateful operators can be bottlenecks because they are sensitive to the order of events and cannot be trivially parallelized by replication; and (ii), if failures are to be tolerated, the accumulated state of an stateful operator needs to be saved, saving this state traditionally imposes considerable performance costs. Our approach is to evaluate the use of speculation to address these two issues. For handling ordering and parallelization issues in a stateful operator, we propose a speculative approach that both reduces latency when the operator must wait for the correct ordering of the events and improves throughput when the operation in hand is parallelizable. In addition, our approach does not require that user understand concurrent programming or that he or she needs to consider out-of-order execution when writing the operations. For fault-tolerant applications, traditional approaches have imposed prohibitive performance costs due to pessimistic schemes. We extend such approaches, using speculation to mask the cost of fault tolerance.:1 Introduction 1 1.1 Event stream processing systems ......................... 1 1.2 Running example ................................. 3 1.3 Challenges and contributions ........................... 4 1.4 Outline ...................................... 6 2 Background 7 2.1 Event stream processing ............................. 7 2.1.1 State in operators: Windows and synopses ............................ 8 2.1.2 Types of operators ............................ 12 2.1.3 Our prototype system........................... 13 2.2 Software transactional memory.......................... 18 2.2.1 Overview ................................. 18 2.2.2 Memory operations............................ 19 2.3 Fault tolerance in distributed systems ...................................... 23 2.3.1 Failure model and failure detection ...................................... 23 2.3.2 Recovery semantics............................ 24 2.3.3 Active and passive replication ...................... 24 2.4 Summary ..................................... 26 3 Extending event stream processing systems with speculation 27 3.1 Motivation..................................... 27 3.2 Goals ....................................... 28 3.3 Local versus distributed speculation ....................... 29 3.4 Models and assumptions ............................. 29 3.4.1 Operators................................. 30 3.4.2 Events................................... 30 3.4.3 Failures .................................. 31 4 Local speculation 33 4.1 Overview ..................................... 33 4.2 Requirements ................................... 35 4.2.1 Order ................................... 35 4.2.2 Aborts................................... 37 4.2.3 Optimism control ............................. 38 4.2.4 Notifications ............................... 39 4.3 Applications.................................... 40 4.3.1 Out-of-order processing ......................... 40 4.3.2 Optimistic parallelization......................... 42 4.4 Extensions..................................... 44 4.4.1 Avoiding unnecessary aborts ....................... 44 4.4.2 Making aborts unnecessary........................ 45 4.5 Evaluation..................................... 47 4.5.1 Overhead of speculation ......................... 47 4.5.2 Cost of misspeculation .......................... 50 4.5.3 Out-of-order and parallel processing micro benchmarks ........... 53 4.5.4 Behavior with example operators .................... 57 4.6 Summary ..................................... 60 5 Distributed speculation 63 5.1 Overview ..................................... 63 5.2 Requirements ................................... 64 5.2.1 Speculative events ............................ 64 5.2.2 Speculative accesses ........................... 69 5.2.3 Reliable ordered broadcast with optimistic delivery .................. 72 5.3 Applications .................................... 75 5.3.1 Passive replication and rollback recovery ................................ 75 5.3.2 Active replication ............................. 80 5.4 Extensions ..................................... 82 5.4.1 Active replication and software bugs ..................................... 82 5.4.2 Enabling operators to output multiple events ........................ 87 5.5 Evaluation .................................... 87 5.5.1 Passive replication ............................ 88 5.5.2 Active replication ............................. 88 5.6 Summary ..................................... 93 6 Related work 95 6.1 Event stream processing engines ......................... 95 6.2 Parallelization and optimistic computing ................................ 97 6.2.1 Speculation ................................ 97 6.2.2 Optimistic parallelization ......................... 98 6.2.3 Parallelization in event processing .................................... 99 6.2.4 Speculation in event processing ..................... 99 6.3 Fault tolerance .................................. 100 6.3.1 Passive replication and rollback recovery ............................... 100 6.3.2 Active replication ............................ 101 6.3.3 Fault tolerance in event stream processing systems ............. 103 7 Conclusions 105 7.1 Summary of contributions ............................ 105 7.2 Challenges and future work ............................ 106 Appendices Publications 107 Pseudocode for the consensus protocol 109

After careful review of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and English for Medical Purposes (EMP) literature, I assisted in the development of a curriculum for an ESP Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Preparation course. The course participants were non-native English speaking employees of Utah Valley Regional Medical Center (UVRMC), currently working in the department of housekeeping, wanting to further their employment opportunities. The ESP CNA Preparation course was 12 weeks duration, three days per week, 5:30 pm – 7:00 pm. My contribution to the curriculum was the development of teaching materials and methods and I used two guiding questions to assist in the development of the materials: • What form should effective materials take for an ESP CNA preparation course? • How effective were these materials? From all the ESP / EMP related literature that I reviewed, I found three studies (Orr, 2002; Bosher & Smallkowski, 2002; Dias, 1999) that had a strong emphasis, closely related to our curriculum, on different aspects of materials development. The literature provided a basis for the outline of materials to be developed for the ESP CNA Preparation course. An in-depth needs and situational analysis, close observation of the CNA course and ongoing Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) coursework, added to the basis established from the review of literature. The CNA course gave the project team opportunities to observe what English skills a non-native English speaker (NNES) would need to participate appropriately, and with different people observing we gathered different perspectives. The materials development process reviews the types (e.g., lesson plans, activities, worksheets, audio etc) and purpose of materials developed. After two week increments of the ESP CNA Preparation course, I critically reviewed the things that I learned from the use of my materials (e.g., lesson plan format, time allocations, teaching methodology, materials that did not enhance language skills etc). My materials went through a refining process. Three things I learned from this project are: • To teach an effective ESP curriculum, an ESL and a content expert are required. • Materials developed for an ESP course come from a variety of sources. • The development of materials is a progressional process.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LauraMF_DISSERT.pdf: 1830261 bytes, checksum: 42288624c438284520392c9c9abd23d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Intera??es positivas entre plantas nativas s?o for?as fundamentais determinantes da estrutura e composi??o de comunidades em habitats estressantes. Em ecossistemas ?ridos e semi?ridos, as condi??es microclim?ticas fornecidas pelas ?rvores nativas ( enfermeiras ) s?o um fator chave, promovendo o estabelecimento de pl?ntulas arb?reas. Escassos estudos avaliam se esse mecanismo beneficia tamb?m esp?cies ex?ticas. Este trabalho visou testar se ?rvores ex?ticas podem ser facilitadas por ?rvores nativas para invadir o bioma semi?rido Caatinga. Realizou-se um experimento na Esta??o Ecol?gica do Serid? (RN, Brasil), com um desenho fatorial em blocos, incluindo duas esp?cies ex?ticas invasoras importantes Leucaena leucocephala e Prosopis pallida, assim como cinco esp?cies nativas dominantes Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Combretum leprosum, Croton sonderianus, Poinceianella pyramidalis e Mimosa tenuiflora. Quatro mil sementes das esp?cies ex?ticas (alvo) foram semeadas em presen?a e aus?ncia das plantas enfermeiras. N?s encontramos evidencias de que ?rvores nativas podem facilitar a invas?o de esp?cies ex?ticas neste bioma. A presen?a de enfermeiras reduziu a temperatura do solo incrementando tanto o n?mero de sementes germinadas quanto a altura m?xima das pl?ntulas, assim como o n?mero m?ximo de folhas e a sobreviv?ncia das mesmas. A preda??o de sementes de L. leucocephala n?o variou com a presen?a das ?rvores nativas, enquanto que a herbivoria m?dia das folhas foi maior dentro da copa, diminuindo a intensidade da facilita??o. A intensidade do efeito facilitador foi maior para L. leucocephala do que para P. pallida. Os resultados indicam que a intensidade de facilita??o na fase de germina??o pode variar dependendo da esp?cie da planta enfermeira, enquanto que a herbivoria demostrou ser um processo esp?cie-espec?fico. Todas as pl?ntulas morreram passados sete meses do experimento devido a condi??es de extrema seca. Por fim conclui-se que as modifica??es microclim?ticas associadas com esp?cies enfermeiras podem ser importantes para o sucesso de germina??o e estabelecimento de pl?ntulas de esp?cies ex?ticas em ambientes semi?ridos, por?m em anos secos a facilita??o n?o ? suficiente

Through an English for Specific Purposes (ESP): Communication in Nursing online course, the present study examines the efficacy of synchronous voice-based and text-based chats as instructional and communicative modes in learning to use open questions for probing in therapeutic dialogues by non-native speaking (NNS) participants, students of a nursing college at a major university in the Philippines. The study draws on a plethora of research findings in online education, ESP online course designs, text-based vs. voice-based synchronous chats and their place in learning online, efficacy and application of text and voice-based communicative practices in online courses designed for NNS students, issues related to medical discourse, humanization, and patient-centeredness of communicative encounters (e.g., between a nurse/provider and a patient/client). The study examines the following questions: (1) which interactional mode - voice or text - provides for better learning of probing questions by NNS medical professionals through noticing of their use in therapeutic dialogues and situations typical for everyday healthcare-related communicative settings in an online course; (2) what evidence is there to suggest that the skill to use open questions for probing in role-plays of therapeutic dialogues by NNS medical professionals developed through text-based practices in an online course might transfer to their speech and vice versa; (3) which interactional mode - voice or text - is perceived by the online-course participants as more effective for learning to use probing questions in therapeutic dialogues and healthcare-related communicative encounters. The results of the analyses supported many of the hypotheses for both research conditions. More specifically, they supported the predicted efficacy of both forms of online instruction and communication - voice-based and text-based - in learning probing techniques by the online course participants; furthermore, a possibility of the two-way language-skill transfer modes - from text-to-speech and from speech-to-text - was suggested in learning second language online through application of synchronous chat sessions. Although more research is necessary in the above-mentioned areas of language learning in the context of online education, the research findings of the present research study are highly suggestive of effective implementation of voice-based and text-based synchronous chats in ESP online course designs for NNS speaking students.