Submitted by Everaldo Pereira (pereira.evera@gmail.com) on 2017-05-16T14:39:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TatianaRibeiro_2016(1).pdf: 120253010 bytes, checksum: 5338f206f099e320f7934db614002465 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T14:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TatianaRibeiro_2016(1).pdf: 120253010 bytes, checksum: 5338f206f099e320f7934db614002465 (MD5) / Esta dissertação descreve e analisa a geologia e os aspectos petrográficos e litogeoquímicos de rochas metacarbonáticas e calcissilicáticas do Complexo Tanque Novo-Ipirá, na Folha Topográfica de Pintadas - SC.24-YD-V, Estado da Bahia. Estas rochas fazem parte do Cráton do São Francisco, no contexto tectônico do Cinturão Orogênico Itabuna-Salvador Curaçá, de idade paleoproterozoica, que é constituído de uma sequência supracrustal incorporada no Complexo TTG-ortognaisse Caraíba, intrudido por corpos granitóides durante várias fases de deformação. Estas rochas estão inseridas em um cinturão de cisalhamento dúctil de natureza transcorrente sinistral, que contém as mineralizações de fosfato (apatita) na região de Ipirá e Gavião. Estudos petrográficos permitiram classificar as rochas estudadas em metacarbonatos, incluindo olivina-mármore, serpentina-mármore, granada-microclina mármore, diopsídiomármore, diopsidito e diopsidito com microclina. Elas revelam uma paragênese progressiva, que atingiu temperaturas de fácies anfibolito a granulito. O metamorfismo retrógrado é evidenciado pelas mudanças olivina/serpentina, serpentina/talco, diopsídio/tremolita, biotita/clorita e microclina/sericita. Rochas metassomáticas de substituição (tactitos), quartzito e grafita-xisto do pacote metassedimentar também foram estudados. Dados litogeoquímicos auxiliaram na compreensão da distribuição dos elementos principais e indicaram que algumas amostras têm contribuição pelítica e hidrotermal. O teor de P2O5 tem uma média de 0,29%, com níveis anômalos que atingem 3,4% em mármores, diopsiditos e tactitos. Quando normalizado para PAAS, o padrão de ETRY mostra um leve enriquecimento em ETR leves, onde a maioria das amostras contém até 10x os valores do normalizador. A assinatura da água do mar é preservada nas rochas supracrustais, marcada pela anomalia negativa de cério (Ce/Ce* = 0,12-0,86 em mármore e 0,26-0,99 em rochas calcissilicáticas); anomalia positiva de európio (Eu/Eu* = 0,67-1,68 em mármore e 0,43-1,48 em rochas calcissilicáticas) e Y positivo. Os dados indicam que estas rochas foram depositadas em um ambiente marinho, com disponibilidade de oxigênio na bacia paleoproterozoica, permitindo assim a precipitação de fósforo na fronteira entre as zonas anóxica e sub-óxica. O padrão de distribuição ETRY é semelhante àqueles das formações ferríferas Kuruman (Paleoproterozoico) e Isua (Arqueano). Apesar do metamorfismo de facies anfibolito a granulito seguido de retrogressão, marcado pela atividade hidrotermal, as razões Y/Ho contra as razões Eu/Sm sugerem que a maioria destas amostras ainda preserva a assinatura da água do mar, com pequena ou nenhuma influência de fluidos hidrotermais na modificação dos padrões ETRY. Estas rochas exibem razões Y/Ho entre 25 e 40, enquanto que valores abaixo de 30 indicam fortemente uma predominância de contribuição continental. Baixas concentrações de Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, também corroboram a origem sedimentar. Estes novos dados suportam um modelo de mineralização de apatita proposto anteriormente, sugerindo que diopsiditos e mármores retêm um nível mineralizado de fósforo primário, o qual teria recristalizado durante o evento hidrotermal. A similaridade dos padrões de ETR das rochas supracrustais do setor nordeste do Cráton do São Francisco (Complexo Rio Salitre e Vale do Jacurici) pode estender a possibilidades de ocorrência de depósitos de fosfato paleoproterozoicos, com aumento das reservas na região. Depósitos desta idade já são reconhecidos e explorados em outros países, como Índia e Rússia / This dissertation describes and examines the geology and the petrographic and lithogeochemical aspects of metacarbonate and calcsilicate rocks of the Tanque Novo-Ipirá Complex, in the Pintadas Topographic Sheet - SC.24-YD-V, State of Bahia. These rocks are part of the São Francisco Craton, in the tectonic context of the Itabuna-Salvador Curaçá Orogenic Belt, of paleoproterozoic age, which is made of a supracrustal sequence embedded in the TTG-orthogneiss Caraíba Complex and intruded by granitoid bodies during several deformation phases. These rocks are confined in a ductile shear belt of transcurrent sinistral nature, containing phosphate mineralization (apatite) in the Ipirá and Gavião region. Petrographic studies allowed to classify the studied rocks as metacarbonates, including olivine-marble, serpentine-marble, garnet-microcline marble, diopside-marble, diopsidite and diopsidite with microcline. They reveal a progressive paragenesis, which reached temperatures of the amphibolite to granulite facies. The retrogression is evidenced by the changes olivine/serpentine, serpentine/talc, diopside/tremolite, biotite/chlorite and microcline/sericite. Metasomatic replacement rocks (tactites), quartzite and graphite-schist of the metasedimentary package were also studied. Lithogeochemical data assisted on the understanding of the distribution of major elements and indicated that some samples have pelitic and hydrothermal contribution. The P2O5 content has an average of 0.29%, with anomalous levels that reach 3.4% in marble, diopsidite and tactite. When normalized to the PAAS, the pattern of ETRY shows a small enrichment in light REE, where most of the samples show up to10x the normalizer values. The seawater signature is preserved in the supracrustal rocks, marked by a negative anomaly of cerium (Ce/Ce * = 0.12 to 0.86 in marble and 0.26 to 0.99 in calcsilicate rocks); positive anomaly of europium (Eu/Eu* = 0.67 to 1.68 in marble and 0.43 to 1.48 in calcsilicate rocks), and positive Y. These data indicate these rocks were deposited in a marine environment with oxygen availability in the paleoproterozoic basin, thereby allowing the phosphorus precipitation at the boundary between the anoxic and the sub-oxic zones. The ETRY distribution pattern is similar to either the paleoproterozoic Kuruman and to the archean Isua iron formations. Despite the metamorphism of high amphibolite to granulite facies followed by retrogression, marked by hydrothermal activity, the Y/Ho versus Eu/Sm correlation show that most of these samples still preserve the seawater signature, with little or no influence of hydrothermal fluids in the modification of ETRY patterns. These rocks exhibit Y/Ho ratios between 25 and 40, whereas values below 30 indicate a predominance of strong continental contribution. Low Cu, Ni, Cr, Co concentrations also corroborate the sedimentary origin. The new data support an earlier proposed model of apatite mineralization, suggesting that marbles and diopsidites have a mineralized level of primary phosphorus, which would be recrystallized during the hydrothermal event. The similarity of the REE patterns of supracrustal rocks of the northeast sector of the São Francisco Craton (Rio Salitre Complex and Jacurici Valley) can extend possibilities of paleoproterozoic phosphate deposits, increasing reserves in the region. Deposits of this age are already recognized and exploited in other countries, like India and Russia.

Hematology analyzers can be used for screening patients for blood abnor-malities. The techniques used in a hematology analyzer include impedanceanalysis, flow cytometry and spectroscopy, which allow for measuring of forexample absolute count, sizes and concentration of different cells in a patient’sblood sample. Hyperlipidemia, which refers to elevated blood lipid levels, isthe primary cause of heart-related illness and fatalities in today’s developedor developing countries. Currently, blood lipid levels are not measured as aparameter with hematology analyzers. Since hematology analyzers allow for arapid general screening of blood parameters, an area of interest is therefore tobe able to measure blood lipids with a hematology analyzer. Thus, this studyaims to investigate the possibility of detecting and measuring blood lipids witha hematology analyzer, using flow cytometry and/or spectrophotometry. In order to investigate this possibility, two simulating methods were conductedwhere in the first method Intralipid 20% was mixed with saline into sampleswith different lipid concentrations. In the second method, diluent wasused instead of saline. Lastly a Correlation study was performed whereIntralipid 20% was mixed with donor blood to prepare samples with differentlipid concentrations. All samples were then analyzed in a hematologyanalyser and scatter plots from flow cytometry and light absorption datafrom spectrophotometry measurements were obtained. The methods showedthat there is a strong correlation between number of detected pulse countsfrom the scatter plots and lipid concentration. Same applies to lightabsorption compared to the lipid concentration of the samples, measured withspectrophotometry. The results from this study show that it is in fact possible to detect andmeasure blood lipid levels with a hematology analyser using flow cytometryand spectrophotometry. Further development within this area could thereforeenable simple screening of this additional parameter and early detection ofindications of hyperlipidemia. / Hematologianalysatorer möjliggör screening av eventuella avvikelser ipatienters blood. De tekniker som används i en hematologianalysatorinkluderar impedansanalys, flödescytometri och spektroskopi, vilka möj-liggör mätning av till exempel absolutantal, storlekar och koncentrationav olika celler i ett patientblodprov. Hyperlipidemi, vilket hänvisar tillförhöjda blodlipidnivåer, är den främsta orsaken till hjärtrelaterade sjukdomaroch dödsfall i dagens utvecklade eller utvecklingsländer. För närvarandemäts inte blodlipidnivåer som en parameter med hematologianalysatorer.Eftersom hematologianalysatorer möjliggör en snabb allmän screening avblodparametrar, är ett intresseområde därför att kunna mäta blodlipider meden hematologianalysator. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersökamöjligheten att detektera och mäta blodlipider med en hematologianalysator,med hjälp av flödescytometri och/eller spektrofotometri. Två simuleringsmetoder genomfördes, där den första metoden innefattadeblandning av Intralipid 20% med saltlösning till prover med varierandelipidkoncentration. I den andra metoden användes spädningsvätska iställetför saltlösning. Slutligen genomfördes en korrelationsstudie där Intralipid20% blandades med donatorblod och prover med olika lipidkoncentrationerförbereddes. Alla prover analyserades sedan i en hematologianalysator ochspridningsdiagram och ljusabsorptionsdata från spektrofotometrimätningarerhölls. Resultaten visade att det finns en stark korrelation mellan antalet de-tekterade pulsräkningar från spridningsdiagrammen och lipidkoncentrationen.Samma gäller för ljusabsorption jämfört med lipidkoncentrationen i proverna,mätt med spektrofotometri. Resultaten från denna studie visar att det faktiskt är möjligt att detektera ochmäta blodlipidnivåer med en hematologianalysator med hjälp av flödescyto-metri och spektrofotometri. Vidare utveckling inom detta område skulle därförkunna möjliggöra enkel screening av patienters blod lipidkoncentration samtunderlätta en tidig upptäckt av indikationer på hyperlipidemi.