This thesis focuses on the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) and draws a comparison between the introduction of the aviation industry in 2012 and the maritime industry in 2024 into the EU ETS by analyzing industry resistance as portrayed in newspaper articles. In doing so, the thesis aims to identify whether there has been a shift in organizational resistance, and if so, what the change looks like. Using content analysis, we coded a time frame of three years surrounding each introduction event respectively, processing 134 articles for the aviation industry and 132 articles for the maritime industry. Building on the coding, a quantitative analysis was employed to identify shifts in portrayed patterns. The key result from our findings shows a notable shift in the portrayal of the EU ETS from resistance to compliance. Furthermore, we can see a change in focus on more environmental highlights as well as a relocated focus from critique aimed toward the entire system to a growing focus on its practical implementation. Drawing on institutional theory, we seek to explain the shift through growing legitimacy for climate policies resulting in an increase in the cost of resistance against said systems. Our data indicates that rising resistance costs not only diminish the occurrence of resistance but also significantly boost voiced compliance. From a practical standpoint, our findings suggest the need to include industries in the practical implementation processes to ease the shift towards a sustainable economy.

Policymakers' action of mitigating and slowing down the continued increase of carbon emission is a significant global priority. One way to internalise the negative externality of pollution is to put a price on greenhouse gases and use the market-based approach of emission trading systems. On the other hand, according to economic reasoning, pollution is an essential tool for economic development. This paper aims to investigate the economic effects of introducing the first international emission trading system of greenhouse gases, the EU emission trading system, by observing the economic growth and gross fixed capital formation. Mankiw, Romer, and Wiel's (1992) theory is utilised in this study and based on cross-country and cross-state panel data between 1999-2012, an empirical analysis using the fixed effects model was followed. The finding shows that the EU emission trading system has a negative effect on the growth of real gross domestic product per capita compared to states and countries not participating in an emission trading system. In addition, the first phase results having a positive effect and the second phase has a negative effect on the economic growth compared to states and countries not participating in an emission trading system. There is no statistical evidence of the effect on gross fixed capital formation as a percentage share of GDP. Organisations can use the findings to decide whether developing countries can afford the consequence of an implemented emission trading system since it tends to slow down growth. However, further research needs to consider the effect of the financial crisis of 2008 and the interpretation of the EU emission trading scheme.

This thesis deals with the EU energy policy and its impact on the energy sector of the Czech Republic. The main objective is to analyze the implemantation and impact of the EU climate-energy package on the czech energy sector. The first part is devoted to describing the current state of the energy sector in the country.The second part is the theory of externalities due to the fact that carbon dioxid emissions are externalities, which the EU is trying tu reduce through its climate-energy measures. The third part delas with EU energy policy and the fourth one with its applications and implications in the Czech Republic.