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Dans la phase de conception d'un environnement virtuel (EV), il est nécessaire de prendre en compte plusieurs facteurs comme les périphériques d'entrées/sorties, la métaphore d'interaction ou encore le domaine d'application. En plus de ces considérations, un environnement virtuel collaboratif (EVC) doit prendre en compte l'aspect collaboratif de la métaphore d'interaction. Tout d'abord, la métaphore d'interaction doit pouvoir apporter la performance de la tâche la meilleure possible. Ensuite, l'influence de la métaphore d'interaction sur l'expérience des utilisateurs (au sens psychologique et social) constitue une importante question de recherche. Dans ce contexte, deux études expérimentales ont été menées : la première vise à étudier l'effet de métaphores de navigation sur l'expérience de l'utilisateur dans un EVC et la seconde s'intéresse à l'effet de métaphores de manipulation sur l'expérience de l'utilisateur dans un EVC. Les résultats obtenus dans ce travail de thèse nous amènent à proposer un ensemble de critères et de règles de conception des EVCs

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Externally visible characteristics (EVCs) predicted from an unknown sample of DNA are particularly useful in forensics as they can provide information beyond that of an STR profile. Current EVCs which are highly studied and well-predicted include iris, hair, and skin color. Notably, models predicting iris color, such as IrisPlex, are the most accurate with up to ~95% accuracy; however, some inaccurate predictions occur, as is evidenced by the ~5%. Often, these are due to green or hazel eyes, which are frequently viewed as intermediate. Though, some of the inaccurate predictions are due to true-blue being predicted as brown and vice versa. Previous research has theorized the possibility of two SNPs, rs12913832 and rs1800407, acting as a functional haplotype affecting iris color. rs12913832 is recognized as the most predictive SNP for iris color and highly significant in other pigmentation phenotypes; presently, rs1800407 is the second-ranked SNP in the IrisPlex 6-SNP system. Both SNPs are highly variable in Europe, where the majority of variation in iris color originates. In the present study, we explore the SNP variation present in the genetic regions of OCA2-HERC2 as well as possible haplotypes. Our research centers around the functional haplotype and the addition of SNPs to the functional haplotype. In addition, three different ways of classifying the phenotype are assessed simultaneously. First, using a 4-point categorical phenotype—blue/blue grey, blue/green yellow, hazel/light brown, and dark brown. Second, calculating a continuous scale from a quantitative phenotype in which the percentage of each categorical color has been measured. Third, using the IrisPlex 6-SNP system to predict eye color and identify individuals which have been inaccurately predicted. Exploration of the SNP and haplotype variation resulted in two SNPs for both the categorical and quantitative phenotypes which were significantly correlated with hazel/light brown—rs1448484 and rs61335644, both as independent SNPs and when assessed in a haplotype with rs1800407-rs12913832. SNP rs1448484 has been associated with skin pigmentation previously and is located in a possible transcription factor binding site. SNP rs61335644 is not presently associated with pigmentation but is in complete LD with two SNPs in and around regulatory regions present in HERC2. Finally, the addition of rs1448484 and rs61335644 into the current IrisPlex 6-SNP system slightly improved each of the tested performance metrics for hazel/light brown and dark brown. Within the inaccurately predicted phenotypes, rs1800407 is confirmed to affect both inaccurately predicted groups and is the most significant SNP. Additionally, rs121918166, a missense variant in OCA2, is the second most significant SNP in true blue predicted as brown. Both SNPs were also the two most significant haplotypes with at least one allele being derived. Therefore, the next steps should include the addition of the functional haplotype and rs121918166 into the current IrisPlex model, and further testing of rs1448484 and rs61335644 on a molecular level. Consequently, the current IrisPlex model should also be reassessed on an independent test set using the 4-point categorical scale rather than the present 3-point scale.

Real time computing has become a vital part in military applications. Moreover certain operations require that the soldiers carry computing devices to assist them. These devices, besides providing them with location-based information, should also be transmitting the requested data. In this thesis, we present a portable wireless display prototype, which renders the desktop of a remote computer. The prototype functions under the range of an 802.11b or Bluetooth wireless network. The Software interfacing is done with Virtual Network Computing (VNC). This thesis is a first step towards analyzing and creating head/wrist mounted displays capable of transmitting images from a remote computer. The thesis starts with an overview and proceeds with a discussion on the concepts involved behind the functioning of the prototype. It then provides a detailed description of the how the prototype was built, followed by a performance test and its analysis and concludes by summarizing the results achieved.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-10T12:36:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGHM.pdf: 1501036 bytes, checksum: c01a6f35eb3f6b3347f3be5bfed6db93 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-11T14:25:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGHM.pdf: 1501036 bytes, checksum: c01a6f35eb3f6b3347f3be5bfed6db93 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-11T14:25:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGHM.pdf: 1501036 bytes, checksum: c01a6f35eb3f6b3347f3be5bfed6db93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T19:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseGHM.pdf: 1501036 bytes, checksum: c01a6f35eb3f6b3347f3be5bfed6db93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-16 / Não recebi financiamento / The analysis of DNA for the purpose of obtaining genetic profile has become essential for criminal investigation and judicial procedure. Since the origins of the techniques of human identification, nothing has been discovered with greater discriminatory power, between two randomly chosen individuals. Genetic proof has assumed great importance in the courts, however, for the operators of law this whole theme is cloaked in great mystery. The objective of this study was to obtain, and to offer to the operators of Law, a general view on the utilization of genetic profiles, and their consequences for the system, and Brazilian society. However, this powerful tool of human identification, DNA and its interconnections, has been thrust forward by very recent advances, in such volume as to alter in a significant way procedures and results, being obliged to follow the paths beaten by scientists, for a simplified form to put into order the information which has directed the forensic genetics to it's current point in time. A review of human identification was made until the discovery of DNA, its structure, evolution and development. The procedures and the various techniques were analyzed, which were being perfected for the obtaining results from the collecting of biological traces at the crime scene to the laboratory analysis, culminating with automatization by PCR and the elaboration of a genetic profile. DNA in the Forensic world, it's birth and consecration were examined. The presence of the instruments available for working the markets, bestowing greater means of discrimination, the STR tests, the future of the SNPs, the sequence of the second generation, and the obtaining of phenotypic characteristics, were duly dealt with. It was analysed, since its origin and implantation up to the current time, the working of the more significant Genetic Profile Data Banks, its technical and legal concerns, as well as the situation in Brazil, with its advances and obstacles, to become part of the forensic DNA community. Experiments in the testing of carbonized human bones were carried out, for identification in criminal procedure, with full details of the materials utilized, methodology, laboratory equipment and software for analyzing the results, ending up with a conclusive result. Following on the exploratory part was carried out through visits to the most expressive world DNA centres, located in the USA, France, the United Kingdom and Brazil, aimed at by means of interviews to discuss this topic, from technical to ethical aspects, and of the data banks to the operations of the system. Finally, in the discussion, the points observed in the centres of excellence, the results of the interviews, and the possible advantages of each system, in a totally fractioned global posture, were addressed. / A análise do DNA com a finalidade de obtenção de perfil genético tornou-se imprescindível para a investigação criminal e a persecução judicial. Desde os primórdios das técnicas de identificação humana, nada havia sido descoberto com maior poder discriminatório entre dois indivíduos escolhidos ao acaso. A prova genética assumiu grande importância nos tribunais, no entanto, para os operadores do direito, toda essa temática se reveste de grande mistério. O objetivo deste estudo foi obter, e poder oferecer aos operadores do Direito, uma visão geral sobre a utilização de perfis genéticos, e suas consequências para o sistema e a sociedade brasileira. No entanto, essa poderosa ferramenta de identificação humana, o DNA e suas interligações, vêm sendo impulsionada por recentíssimos avanços, de tal monta a alterar de forma significativa procedimentos e resultados, obrigando percorrer os caminhos trilhados pelos cientistas, para de forma simplificada ordenar as informações que nortearam a genética forense até nossos dias. Fez-se uma revisita à identificação humana, até a descoberta do DNA, sua estrutura, evolução e desdobramento. Foram analisados os procedimentos, e as várias técnicas, que foram sendo aperfeiçoadas, para obtenção de resultados desde a coleta de vestígios biológicos na cena do crime, até a análise laboratorial, culminando com a automatização pela PCR e a elaboração de um perfil genético. Examinou-se o DNA no mundo Forense, seu nascimento e consagração. A presença do instrumental à disposição para trabalhar marcadores, conferindo maior poder de discriminação, o exame dos STRs (Short Tandem Repeats), o futuro com SNPs, o sequenciamento de segunda geração e a obtenção de características fenotípicas foram devidamente abordadas. Verificou-se, desde sua origem e implantação até nossos dias, o funcionamento dos Bancos de Perfis Genéticos mais significativos, sua problemática técnica e legal, assim como a situação do Brasil, com seus avanços e entraves para fazer parte da comunidade forense do DNA. Realizou-se experimentalmente o exame de ossos humanos carbonizados, para identificação em procedimento criminal, com detalhamento dos materiais utilizados, metodologia, equipamentos laboratoriais e software para análise de resultados, finalizando com resultado conclusivo. Na parte exploratória vivencial deste trabalho, foram realizadas visitas aos mais expressivos centros mundiais de DNA, localizados no EUA, França, Reino Unido e Brasil, objetivando por meio de entrevistas discutir a temática, da técnica à ética, e dos bancos de dados à operacionalidade do sistema. Finalmente, na discussão foram abordados os pontos observados nos centros de excelência, o resultado das entrevistas, e as possíveis vantagens de cada sistema, em uma totalmente fracionada postura global.