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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A Potential Tumor Suppressive Role of SIRT1 in Cancer

Kabra, Neha 04 March 2010 (has links)
The NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 regulates several factors involved in stress response and cell survival but its function in cancer is largely unknown. Research suggests that SIRT1 influences several transcription factors and molecules that are important components of pathways often deregulated in cancer. Our experiments have shown that SIRT1 knock down by short hairpin RNA accelerates tumor xenograft formation by HCT116 colon cancer cells, whereas SIRT1 overexpression inhibits tumor formation. We have also found that, pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 stimulates cell proliferation under conditions of growth factor deprivation suggesting a tumor suppressive function of SIRT1. Paradoxically, SIRT1 inhibition sensitizes the same cells to apoptosis by chemotherapeutic drugs. Immunohistochemical staining of a colon tumor microarray revealed high SIRT1 expression levels in normal colon mucosa and benign adenomas. SIRT1 overexpression was observed in nearly 25% of stage I/II/III colorectal adenocarcinomas but rarely found in advanced stage IV tumors. Furthermore, about 30% of carcinomas showed lower than normal SIRT1 expression. These results suggest a pleiotropic effect of SIRT1 in cancer, i.e., anti-proliferative as well as anti-apoptotic. Further experiments along these lines and examination of a larger patient cohort could provide a rationale for the use of SIRT1 activators and inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
2

Role of Sirtuin-1 in the pathogenesis of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats : molecular mechanisms

Arifen, Mst Nahida 05 1900 (has links)
Il a été démontré que la sirtuine 1 (Sirt-1), une histone désacétylase de classe III, est surexprimée dans le coeur des rats spontanément hypertendus (SHR). Nous avons récemment montré que les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires (CMLV) des SHR présentent une expression accrue de Sirt-1 par rapport aux rats Wistar Kyoto (WKY) de même âge qui contribue à l’augmentation de la régulation de la protéine Giα impliquée dans la pathogenèse de l'hypertension. La présente étude a été effectuée pour étudier le rôle de l'augmentation de l'expression de la Sirt-1 dans la pathogenèse de l'hypertension chez les SHR et pour explorer les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans cette réponse. Dans cette étude, un inhibiteur sélectif de la Sirt-1, EX-527 (5 mg/kg de poids corporel), a été injecté par voie intrapéritonéale chez des rats SHR adultes de 8 semaines et des rats WKY de même âge, deux fois par semaine pendant 3 semaines. La pression artérielle (PA) et la fréquence cardiaque ont été mesurées deux fois par semaine par la méthode non invasive du brassard autour de la queue. Le traitement avec l’inhibiteur spécifique de la Sirt-1, l'EX-527, a atténué les augmentations de PA (de 76 mmHg) et de fréquence cardiaque chez les rats SHR. La surexpression de Sirt-1 et des protéines Giα dans le coeur, les CMLV et l'aorte a été atténuée au niveau des contrôles par l'inhibiteur de la Sirt-1. L'inhibition de la Sirt-1 a également atténué les niveaux accrus des anions superoxydes, l’activité de la NADPH oxydase et la surexpression des sous-unités de la NADPH oxydase ; les protéines Nox2, Nox4 et P47phox dans les CMLV isolées des SHR traités par l’EX-527. De plus, les niveaux réduits du monoxyde d'azote synthase endothélial (eNOS) et du monoxyde d'azote (NO) et les niveaux accrus de la peroxynitrite (ONOO-) dans les CMLV des SHR ont également été rétablis à des niveaux contrôles par l'inhibiteur de la Sirt-1. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'inhibition de la surexpression de la Sirt-1, en diminuant les niveaux accrus des protéines Giα et du stress nitro-oxydant, atténue la PA élevée chez les rats SHR. Il est donc possible de suggérer que les inhibiteurs de la Sirt-1 puissent être utilisés comme des agents thérapeutiques dans le traitement des complications cardiovasculaires associées à l'hypertension. / Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), class III histone deacetylase, has been shown to be overexpressed in hearts from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We recently showed that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from SHR exhibit enhanced expression of Sirt-1 as compared to age-matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, which contributes to the upregulation of Giα protein implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of upregulated Sirt-1 expression in the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this response. For this study, a selective inhibitor of Sirt-1, EX-527 (5mg/kg of body weight), was injected intraperitoneally into 8-week-old adult SHR and age-matched WKY rats twice per week for 3 weeks. The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate was measured twice a week by the CODA™ non-invasive tail cuff method. Treatment of SHR with Sirt-1-specific inhibitor, EX-527, attenuated high BP by 76 mmHg and inhibited the augmented heart rate. The overexpression of Sirt-1 and Giα proteins in heart, VSMC and aorta was attenuated to the control levels by Sirt-1 inhibitor. Inhibition of Sirt-1 also attenuated the enhanced levels of superoxide anion, NADPH oxidase activity and the overexpression of NADPH oxidase subunits; Nox2, Nox4 and P47phox proteins in VSMC isolated from EX-527-treated SHR. Furthermore, the decreased levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) and increased levels of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in VSMC from SHR were also restored to control levels by Sirt-1 inhibitor. These results suggest that the inhibition of overexpression of Sirt-1 through decreasing the enhanced levels of Giα proteins and nitro-oxidative stress attenuates the high BP in SHR. It may thus be suggested that inhibitors of Sirt-1 may have the potential to be used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of cardiovascular complications associated with hypertension.

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