Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edimundo Dias de Oliveira.pdf: 1381678 bytes, checksum: 2bf3f35a312fcff1c3baf03df7d00e17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-15 / Volunteer expenses with the Environment is becoming, every time more, regular action in various companies. Involvement and propagation practices, also policies aimed for corporate sustainability, can be considered common today, counting even with standard reports that provide some descriptive elements about these practices. There is, however, a gap in the scientific literature about the relevance of such participation spending on business structure. Many companies indicate in their reports the existence of social and environmental costs, but the real impact of these actions are unclear, beyond the supposed improvement of the institutional image. This exploratory, qualitative approach, aimed to verify if the level of corporate environmental spending is associated significantly with the tax benefits that they may have. The sample consisted of 35 companies of the Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) of BM&F Bovespa . The techniques that were applied are the content analysis. The results showed that the average level of environmental expenses are higher than the tax benefits obtained, indicating that these companies used a combination of donations, sponsorships and investments, suggesting the existence of other factors beyond the tax benefits limits involved. / Gastos socioambientais voluntários se tornam, cada vez mais, ações regulares em várias empresas. Envolvimento e divulgação de práticas e políticas voltadas à sustentabilidade corporativa podem ser considerados comuns nos dias de hoje, contando com relatórios que oferecem alguns elementos descritivos sobre essas práticas. Existe, entretanto, uma lacuna na literatura científica sobre a relevância da participação de gastos dessa natureza na estrutura empresarial. Muitas empresas apontam em seus relatórios a existência de gastos socioambientais, porém o real impacto dessas ações ainda não são claras, além da suposta melhoria da imagem institucional. Este estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, objetivou verificar se o nível de gastos socioambientais das empresas está associado, significativamente, com os benefícios fiscais que as mesmas possam obter. A amostra foi formada por 35 empresas integrantes do índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) da BM&F Bovespa. Aplicaram-se técnicas de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que o nível médio de gastos socioambientais é superior aos benefícios fiscais obtidos, indicando que estas empresas utilizaram uma combinação entre doação, patrocínio e investimento, sugerindo a existência de outros fatores envolvidos além dos limites de benefícios fiscais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edimundo Dias de Oliveira.pdf: 1414354 bytes, checksum: 879ee9ac8e005082dac151cc4807ceae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-15 / Volunteer expenses with the Environment is becoming, every time more, regular action in various companies. Involvement and propagation practices, also policies aimed for corporate sustainability, can be considered common today, counting even with standard reports that provide some descriptive elements about these practices. There is, however, a gap in the scientific literature about the relevance of such participation spending on business structure. Many companies indicate in their reports the existence of social and environmental costs, but the real impact of these actions are unclear, beyond the supposed improvement of the institutional image. This exploratory, qualitative approach, aimed to verify if the level of corporate environmental spending is associated significantly with the tax benefits that they may have. The sample consisted of 35 companies of the Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) of BM&F Bovespa . The techniques that were applied are the content analysis. The results showed that the average level of environmental expenses are higher than the tax benefits obtained, indicating that these companies used a combination of donations, sponsorships and investments, suggesting the existence of other factors beyond the tax benefits limits involved. / Gastos socioambientais voluntários se tornam, cada vez mais, ações regulares em várias empresas. Envolvimento e divulgação de práticas e políticas voltadas à sustentabilidade corporativa podem ser considerados comuns nos dias de hoje, contando com relatórios que oferecem alguns elementos descritivos sobre essas práticas. Existe, entretanto, uma lacuna na literatura científica sobre a relevância da participação de gastos dessa natureza na estrutura empresarial. Muitas empresas apontam em seus relatórios a existência de gastos socioambientais, porém o real impacto dessas ações ainda não são claras, além da suposta melhoria da imagem institucional. Este estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, objetivou verificar se o nível de gastos socioambientais das empresas está associado, significativamente, com os benefícios fiscais que as mesmas possam obter. A amostra foi formada por 35 empresas integrantes do índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) da BM&F Bovespa. Aplicaram-se técnicas de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que o nível médio de gastos socioambientais é superior aos benefícios fiscais obtidos, indicando que estas empresas utilizaram uma combinação entre doação, patrocínio e investimento, sugerindo a existência de outros fatores envolvidos além dos limites de benefícios fiscais.

The objective of the thesis is to analyze the company´s expenses associated with relocation of the distribution centre as well as to describe the components of expenses associated with transport between company and customers. An important part of the thesis is comparison of the individual delivery routes. The theoretical part provides a brief description of Vehicle Routing Problem and its modifications as well as the different options how to solve it. The expenses calculations of truck transport are approximated to the reader. The practical part shows the real problem of Nestlé. The decreasing of the expenses is shown on real data. The reason of decreasing is the relocation of the distribution centre. The model routes are compared with the actual ones using MPL. It also shows the potential cost reduction.

The diploma thesis is focused on budget of city Chomutov between years 2005 and 2008 and their mutual comparison. It is devided into two parts, teoretical and practical. Teoretical part represent introduction into main topics. I try to explain situation, organs and sphere of municipality, their function, problems of municipality budget even out of budget funds and its economy. Practical part is dedicated to the city of Chomutov, its history and future progresion. I concern about budget analysis. I fill in the diploma thesis with problems of indebtedness, economy of the city and out of budget funds.

This thesis concentrates on budget management and position of municipalities in the Czech Republic on concrete example of the municipality Ruda. The thesis can be divided into two main parts -- theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is concerned with definition of position, competency, authorities and organizations of the municipality. Another part describes municipality's budget, its structure, budgetary procedure and classification of budget. The last chapter of theoretical part deals with process of obtaining the financial resources from the Funds of the European Union. Practical part focuses on the analysis of budget of the municipality Ruda between years 2005 and 2008 and on the example of financing concrete project realized in the municipality Ruda from the operational programme Environment. The analysis of budget concentrates on the analysis of budget earnings, expenses and overall budget management.

This thesis deals with reimbursement of travel expenses for domestic and foreign business trips. The thesis contains the information necessary to determine the correct value of the individual types of travel expenses. First, the principles applied in the provision of travel expenses are discussed. Then business trips and conditions of their realization are defined. The core of the thesis presents description of fare, food allowance, accommodation and necessary incidental expenses for domestic and foreign business trips. Flat-rate compensation and conditions of use are also mentioned. The issue of providing travel expenses is also considered in terms of taxes. Next part of the thesis describes using of exchange rates when travelling abroad and shows how to account advance payments and claims for travel expenses in double-entry accounting. Discussed problems are interlined with practical examples for better understanding. At the end of the thesis, a comprehensive example of calculation and charging of travel expenses is contained.

The diploma thesis deals with corporation income tax and its influence on accountancy according to the requirements of the Czech Republic. The theoretical part looks at first into accounting system and legal norms which provide for the system and then into accounting system of the Czech Republic and individual taxes within the system. A great part of the thesis deals with corporation income tax, taxpayers, tax period, the counting procedure of the tax and entering into accounts. The passages look into tax return, paying corporation income tax and last but not least the tax evasions which we can encounter in connection with the direct taxes. At the end of the thesis, there is a practical example which the theoretical knowledge is applied on.

The goal of this diploma is based on the observed data and current developments in the property market, combined with data showing household income and expenses, to predict future trends in the property market. By comparing the value of real estate, rent prices in selected locations with revenue and costs for different income groups, we find when individual income groups are able to buy or rent property and under what conditions. Result of this work is to describe six future trends.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar de qué manera los gastos medioambientales impactan financiera y tributariamente en las empresas del sector hidrocarburos en Lima Centro, año 2019. Este sector desarrolla actividades económicas que impactan directamente en el ambiente, por lo cual, deben incurrir en inversiones y/o gastos para prevenir, controlar y remediar dicho impacto con el fin de resguardar el patrimonio natural del Perú. Por ello, es importante estudiar el impacto financiero y tributario de los gastos medioambientales en las empresas del sector. El presente trabajo de investigación comprende cinco capítulos, lo cuales son: Capítulo I, Marco Teórico, encontraremos los antecedentes, características, importancia y normativa tributaria del sector hidrocarburos, así también describiremos las definiciones asociadas a las variables de investigación; Capítulo II, Plan de Investigación, desarrollaremos la situación problemática y la justificación de la investigación, y también plantearemos los problemas, objetivos e hipótesis; Capítulo III, Metodología de Investigación, definiremos el alcance y diseño de la investigación, así como la población y tamaño de la muestra; Capítulo IV, Desarrollo de la Investigación, aplicaremos como instrumentos de investigación las entrevistas a profundidad y las encuestas, así como también propondremos un caso práctico; Capítulo V, Análisis de resultados, analizaremos los resultados de las entrevistas a profundidad, las encuestas y el caso práctico, y además realizaremos la medición de la fiabilidad a través del Alfa de Cronbach y la validación de las hipótesis a través de la prueba de Chi Cuadrado, para luego proporcionar las conclusiones y recomendaciones correspondientes. / The main objective of this research work is to determine in what way environmental expenses impact financially and taxably on companies in the hydrocarbon sector in Central Lima, year 2019. This sector develops economic activities that directly impact the environment; therefore, they must incur in investments and / or expenses to prevent, control and remedy said impact to protect the natural heritage of Peru. For this reason, it is important to study the financial and tax impact of environmental expenses in companies in the sector. The present research work includes five chapters, which are: Chapter I, Theoretical Framework, we will find the antecedents, characteristics, importance and tax regulations of the hydrocarbon sector, as well as we will describe the definitions associated with the research variables; Chapter II, Research Plan, we will develop the problematic situation and the justification of the research, and we will also raise the problems, objectives and hypotheses; Chapter III, Research Methodology, we will define the scope and design of the research, as well as the population and sample size; Chapter IV, Research Development, we will apply as research instruments in-depth interviews and surveys, as well as propose a practical case; Chapter V, Analysis of results, we will analyze the results of the in-depth interviews, the surveys and the practical case, and we will also carry out the measurement of the reliability through Cronbach's Alpha and the validation of the hypotheses through the Chi Square test. Square, and then provide conclusions and recommendations. / Tesis

The master´s thesis deals with the evaluation of the efficiency of investment of various types of high voltage lines in terms of capital expenditures and operating expenses. The thesis describes the issue of the regulated environment in the field of electricity, the analysis of the pricing for ensuring the distribution of electricity and the analysis of the capital expenditures and operating expenses of the authorized returns of the distribution company operator. Subsequently, an analysis of the capital expenditures and operating expenses of the overhead and cable lines is processed. The particular components of the operating costs are determined either by annual energy loss per unit of length, an annual hourly labor demand, or an annual cost per unit of length. Another point is the evaluation of the investment efficiency for two different model lines, evaluation of capital expenditures and operating expenses, allowed investment returns and economic evaluation. The conclusion of this pursuit is the comparison of both types of lines, both with the view of capital expenditures and operating expenses, as well as with the view of economic appreciation.