Orientador: Jacques Wainer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T05:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dantas_MarcioPaixao_M.pdf: 4152956 bytes, checksum: f995417b653e9759340129be4c4d2608 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Um guia de conduta médica é um documento formado por um conjunto de recomendações sistematicamente desenvolvidas para auxiliar nas decisões de praticantes e pacientes sobre cuidados de saúde em circunstâncias específicas. Desde que sejam bem elaborados, comprovadamente melhoram a qualidade média do atendimento médico. Frequentemente médicos não estão acostumados com guias práticos escritos em papel e não os aplicam adequadamente. Implementados em sistemas computacionais podem melhorar significativamente a qualidade do atendimento médico diretamente no local da assistência. Este trabalho está ligado ao projeto ST-Guide, uma iniciativa surgida no Instituto de Computação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IC-UNICAMP) para resolver o problema de formalização e implementação de guias clínicos práticos. As contribuições realizadas foram: (a) reestruturação do projeto em outras tecnologias; (b) estabelecimento e implementação de uma arquitetura extensível para suportar modelagem e implementação de guias; (c) realização de alterações conceituais para facilitar o processo de modelagem; (d) criação de novo algoritmo para verificação lógica de incompletude e ambiguidade; e (e) criação de um ambiente gráfico de desenvolvimento de guias associado a um verificador lógico que atua em tempo real, isto é, à medida em que ocorre a modelagem. Experimentos baseados em guias clínicos para assistência pré-natal e hipertensão são apresentados e o texto é concluído com uma discussão do que foi realizado e sugestão de trabalhos futuros. / Abstract: Clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. Since well elaborated, they provenly improve medical assistance quality. Oftenly clinicians aren't used to paper written guidelines and don't apply them adequately. Implemented in computer systems guidelines can significantly improve medical care quality directly at the point-of-care. This work is related to ST-Guide project, an initiative arisen at the Institute of Computing of State University of Campinas (IC-UNICAMP) to solve the practice guideline formalization and implementation problems. The contributions done were: (a) project restructuring on other technologies; (b) extensible architecture specification and implementation to support guideline modelling and implementation; (c) conceptual changes to ease modelling; (d) new incompletude and ambiguity logical verification algorithm; and (e) guideline graphical development environment coupled with a real time logical verifier. Experiments based on pre-natal assistence and hypertension clinical guidelines are presented and the text is concluded with a discussion of what was done and future work suggestions. / Mestrado / Mestre em Computação

Orientador: Celso Kazuyuki Morooka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T04:25:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_MaiaraMoreira_M.pdf: 2713085 bytes, checksum: 084d81696889df2f638780ba891370e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O desenvolvimento de um sistema marítimo de produção de petróleo corresponde a um conjunto de equipamentos para viabilizar a extração de petróleo e gás, a partir de um reservatório de petróleo. Para uma melhor compreensão do processo, a definição deste sistema de produção pode ser dividida em fases. Fase I corresponde à seleção do número de poços e tipo do poço. Então, seguindo trabalhos anteriores (FRANCO, 2003), na Fase II, o arranjo de poços e a Unidade Estacionária de Produção (UEP) são selecionados. E, na Fase III, a alternativa para o armazenamento e escoamento de óleo e gás produzidos é escolhida. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os impactos ambientais associados com cada componente de um sistema marítimo de produção de óleo e gás, e quantificar cada um deles por meio de índices. É esperado que esta ferramenta irá apoiar os tomadores de decisão ao selecionarem o sistema que melhor se ajuste a um determinado campo marítimo de petróleo. A crescente necessidade de petróleo na matriz energética do Brasil, concomitante com a preocupação da sociedade em manter o meio ambiente limpo, torna a inclusão de um índice relacionado com o meio ambiente uma importante contribuição para melhorar o processo de seleção e decisão sobre o sistema marítimo de produção e sua inclusão, além dos índices técnicos e tecnológicos geralmente usados em tal processo. Particularmente, será fundamental para a produção de petróleo em condições adversas do cenário pré-sal, que está localizado em lâminas d¿água cada vez mais profundas. A metodologia proposta segue um procedimento semelhante à avaliação dos impactos ambientais através da utilização do Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental (ISA) e do uso de matriz de impacto (NOAA, 1997; PATIN, 1999; MARIANO; LA ROVERE, 2006). Para a estimativa dos impactos ambientais, foi definido o ISA da área a ser desenvolvida, e foi construída uma matriz de impacto com base nas atividades envolvidas na instalação de plataforma, fase operacional e descomissionamento de uma UEP e os elementos do meio ambiente. Portanto, essa abordagem sistemática e estruturada permitiu incorporar ao processo de seleção do sistema marítimo de produção para um campo de óleo e gás, a seleção da melhor alternativa, que combina as melhores características técnicas e tecnológicas com os melhores aspectos do ambiente / Abstract: The development of an offshore petroleum production system corresponds to define a set of equipment to make possible oil and gas extraction from an underwater petroleum reservoir. To better comprehension of the process, definition of this production system can be divided into phases. Phase I corresponds to the selection of number of wells and type of the well. Then, following the previous work (FRANCO, 2003), in the Phase II, the layout arrangement of wells and the set of the stationary Floating Production Unit (FPU) are selected. And, in the Phase III, storage and offloading alternatives for the produced oil and gas are selected. The present paper aims to identify environmental impacts associated with the each component of an offshore system for oil and gas production, and quantify each of them through indexes. It is expected to support the decision makers to select the best fitted system for a given offshore petroleum field. The increasing needs of petroleum to fulfill the energy matrix demanded in Brazil, the growing concern of the society for keeping the environment clean and the inclusion of an index related to the environment besides the technical and technological indexes usually taken makes it an important contribution to improve the process for selection and decision about the offshore production system. Particularly, it will be fundamental in the adverse condition of the Pre-salt scenario of petroleum production, in ultra-deep water depth and oil and gas with more aggressive contaminants to the system. The proposed methodology follows a similar procedure for the assessment of environmental impacts through the use of environmental sensitivity index (ESI) and the use of impact matrix (NOAA, 1997; PATIN, 1999; MARIANO; LA ROVERE, 2006). For the estimation of environmental impacts, it was defined the ESI of the area to be developed, and it was constructed an impact matrix based on the activities involved in the installation of platform, operational phase and decommissioning of a FPU and the elements from environment. Therefore, this systematic and structured approach allowed incorporating to the process of selection of the offshore production system for an oil and gas field the selection of alternative which combines the best technical and technological characteristics with better aspects from the environment / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestra em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Orientador: Maria Helena Baena de Moraes Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Faleiros-Martins_AnnaCarolina_M.pdf: 2173162 bytes, checksum: 2171667e1b5412ab6e9151b0e03ed497 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Introdução: O uso de ferramentas de informática é visto como facilitador dos processos de compilação, registro e análise de dados. Na competência do enfermeiro, auxilia o Processo de Enfermagem proporcionando cuidado individualizando ao paciente. Além disso, o emprego de sistemas especialistas de apoio à decisão podem auxiliar profissionais generalistas ou sem experiência na área a determinar o diagnóstico diferencial em condições mais específicas como é o caso das alterações da eliminação urinária. Objetivos: Desenvolver um software de apoio à decisão, baseado em lógica fuzzy, para o diagnóstico diferencial de disfunções do trato urinário inferior, utilizando a terminologia de consenso da ICS, como parte integrante de um sistema informatizado de atendimento que incluísse o processo de enfermagem, e questionários de avaliação da qualidade de vida. Tiveram-se como objetivos específicos: realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a informatização do processo de enfermagem e aceitação dos profissionais; desenvolver e validar quanto ao conteúdo, os instrumentos de avaliação de qualidade interna, externa e em uso; desenvolver um software, de apoio à decisão baseado em lógica fuzzy para o diagnóstico de disfunções do trato urinário inferior, utilizando a terminologia de consenso da ICS; testar o software usando casos clínicos; informatizar o processo de enfermagem e os questionários sobre qualidade de vida: SF-36, King's Health Questionnaire e ICQ-SF. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura a fim de analisar a produção bibliográfica atual sobre a informatização do Processo de Enfermagem no Brasil, usando as bases de dados BDEnf e LILACS. Após, foi realizado um estudo metodológico com a finalidade de desenvolver e avaliar um software de apoio a decisão baseado em lógica fuzzy para o diagnóstico de disfunções do trato urinário inferior. Os questionários de avaliação foram desenvolvidos segundo as especificações de qualidade da norma ISO/IEC 9126-1 e encaminhados para apreciação de cinco juízes, especialistas em informática, que os avaliaram quanto a pertinência, clareza, abrangência e aspecto geral. O sistema foi desenvolvido baseado no modelo proposto por Lopes et al. (2010), fundamentando-se no conceito do ciclo de vida de prototipação, e foi composto por duas fases: modelagem do sistema e codificação. Conclusão: Foi identificado um número bastante restrito de artigos tratando da informatização do Processo de Enfermagem no Brasil. Os questionários desenvolvidos permitem avaliar softwares de apoio à decisão, quanto à qualidade interna, externa e em uso. O software protótipo atendeu aos requisitos iniciais, todavia, há a necessidade de avaliar a sua usabilidade / Abstract: Introduction: The use of informatics tools is seen as a facilitator of the process of compiling, recording and analyzing data. Competence of nurses, the Nursing Process helps provide individualized care to the patient. In addition, the use of expert systems, decision support can help general practitioners or without experience in the area to determine the differential diagnosis in more specific terms such as the changes in urine output. Objectives: To develop a decision support software based on fuzzy logic for the differential diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunctions, using the consensus of the ICS terminology, as part of a computerized system of care that includes the nursing process, and questionnaires for assessing the quality of life. Had as objectives: to review the literature on the computerization of the nursing process and acceptance of professional, develop and validate the contents, instruments for assessing quality internal and external use, developing a software support decision based on fuzzy logic for diagnosis of disorders of the lower urinary tract, using the terminology of consensus of ICS; test the software using clinical cases; computerize the nursing process and questionnaires on quality of life: SF-36, King's Health Questionnaire and SF-ICQ. Methods: We performed an integrative literature review to analyze the bibliographic production on the current computerization of the Nursing Process in Brazil, using the databases LILACS and BDEnf. Then, a methodological study was conducted in order to develop and evaluate a decision support software based on fuzzy logic for diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunctions. The evaluation questionnaires were developed according to the quality specifications of ISO / IEC 9126-1 and forwarded for consideration of five judges, computer experts, who rated them as the relevance, clarity, scope and general appearance. The system was developed based on the model proposed by Lopes et al. (2010), basing on the concept of the life cycle of prototyping, and was composed of two phases: system modeling and coding. Conclusion: We identified a very limited number of articles concerning the computerization of the Nursing Process in Brazil. Questionnaires developed to assess decision support software, and the quality internal and external use. The software prototype has met the initial requirements, however, there is a need to assess their usability / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem e Trabalho

This project focuses on a prototype system architecture which integrates features of an event-driven gate-level simulator and features of the multiple expert system architecture, HEARSAY-II. Combining artificial intelligence and simulation techniques, a knowledge-based simulator was designed and constructed to model non-standard circuit behavior. This non-standard circuit behavior is amplified by advances in integrated circuit technology. Currently available digital circuit simulators can not simulate this behavior. Circuit designer expertise on behavioral phenomena is used in the expert system to guide the base simulator by manipulating its events to achieve the desired behavior.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of the Master of Information Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / The assignment of identifying Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the successful implementation of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems has become an important problem in the information system (IS) research. The necessity to identify CSFs becomes perceptible because of the failure often associated with the ERP system implementation in corporate organisations. The investigation and identification of CSFs will help cut costs of implementing ERP systems in organisations by giving higher precedence to the most critical factors. Literature has indicated that some factors of ERP system implementation labelled as critical are, in most cases, not critical for achieving success in the ERP system implementation. It can be argued that the inherent prediction error in the identification of CSFs is associated with the method employed for identifying criticality. Certain researchers have asserted that many of the studies on CSFs have based their findings on the use of content analysis method to identify and classify implementation factors of ERP systems as critical or not, rather than empirical findings. This intrinsic drawback has led researchers to suggest the use of sound scientific methods such as the structural equation modelling technique to identify CSFs to help guide the implementation of ERP systems in organizations. However, because of the limitations of the existing findings, the expectation is still much higher in effectively resolving the problem of identifying CSFs, in general. The overarching aim of this study was to determine those factors that are deemed critical for the successful implementation of the on-line registration system as an archetype of ERP system at HEIs. It was necessary to, firstly, identify common factors that have a significant impact on ERP system implementation and, secondly, to ascertain whether the identified factors are applicable in HEI settings, particularly to the on-line registration system. This study plans an in-depth exploration of the implementation of an on-line registration system with the identified factors forming the precursor to unearth those factors that are critical for the success of implementing on-line registration systems. The study has adopted a post-positivism mixed methods approach to identify and verify CSFs of the on-line registration system implementation, taking into consideration higher-order relationships between the factors. Data gathering took place using expert judgement with the involvement of role players in the implementation of on-line registration systems. The ADVIAN classification method provides the analytic tool for identifying factors that are deemed critical for successful implementation of on-line registration systems. The results reveal the existence of various dimensions of criticality with organisational culture and ERP strategy and implementation methodology emerging as critical factors, while the driving factors for implementation include ERP vendor support and guidance, senior and top management support, project plan with agreed objectives and goals, project management to implement project plan and project leader. It is established that the driven factors that should be observed when intervention measures are implemented include change management, post-implementation evaluation, software testing and troubleshooting, user training and user involvement. It is hoped that the CSFs discovered in this study will contribute towards the under-researched area of ERP and pragmatically aid the improvement of a process area that is in desperate need of business process re-engineering at HEIs. / M

Despite the inherent limitation of accessing information serially, voice applications are increasingly growing in popularity as computing technologies advance. This is a positive development, because voice communication offers a number of benefits over other forms of communication. For example, voice may be better for delivering services to users whose eyes and hands may be engaged in other activities (e.g. driving) or to semi-literate or illiterate users. This thesis proposes a knowledge based architecture for building voice applications to help reduce the limitations of serial access to information. The proposed architecture, called OVR (Ontologies, VoiceXML and Reasoners), uses a rich backend that represents knowledge via ontologies and utilises reasoning engines to reason with it, in order to generate intelligent behaviour. Ontologies were chosen over other knowledge representation formalisms because of their expressivity and executable format, and because current trends suggest a general shift towards the use of ontologies in many systems used for information storing and sharing. For the frontend, this architecture uses VoiceXML, the emerging, and de facto standard for voice automated applications. A functional prototype was built for an initial validation of the architecture. The system is a simple voice application to help locate information about service providers that offer HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) testing. We called this implementation HTLS (HIV Testing Locator System). The functional prototype was implemented using a number of technologies. OWL API, a Java interface designed to facilitate manipulation of ontologies authored in OWL was used to build a customised query interface for HTLS. Pellet reasoner was used for supporting queries to the knowledge base and Drools (JBoss rule engine) was used for processing dialog rules. VXI was used as the VoiceXML browser and an experimental softswitch called iLanga as the bridge to the telephony system. (At the heart of iLanga is Asterisk, a well known PBX-in-a-box.) HTLS behaved properly under system testing, providing the sought initial validation of OVR. / LaTeX with hyperref package

The notion of a global knowledge society is somewhat of a misnomer due to the fact that large portions of the global community are not participants in this global knowledge society which is driven, shaped by and socio-technically biased towards a small fraction of the global population. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is culture-sensitive and this is a dynamic that is largely ignored in the majority of ICT for Development (ICT4D) interventions, leading to the technological determinism flaw and ultimately a failure of the undertaken projects. The deployment of ICT solutions, in particular in the context of ICT4D, must be informed by the cultural and socio-technical profile of the deployment environments and solutions themselves must be developed with a focus towards context-sensitivity and ethnocentricity. In this thesis, we investigate the viability of a software architectural framework for the development of ICT solutions that are context-sensitive and ethnocentric1, and so aligned with the cultural and social dynamics within the environment of deployment. The conceptual framework, named PIASK, defines five tiers (presentation, interaction, access, social networking, and knowledge base) which allow for: behavioural completeness of the layer components; a modular and functionally decoupled architecture; and the flexibility to situate and contextualize the developed applications along the dimensions of the User Interface (UI), interaction modalities, usage metaphors, underlying Indigenous Knowledge (IK), and access protocols. We have developed a proof-of-concept service platform, called KnowNet, based on the PIASK architecture. KnowNet is built around the knowledge base layer, which consists of domain ontologies that encapsulate the knowledge in the platform, with an intrinsic flexibility to access secondary knowledge repositories. The domain ontologies constructed (as examples) are for the provisioning of eServices to support societal activities (e.g. commerce, health, agriculture, medicine) within a rural and marginalized area of Dwesa, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The social networking layer allows for situating the platform within the local social systems. Heterogeneity of user profiles and multiplicity of end-user devices are handled through the access and the presentation components, and the service logic is implemented by the interaction components. This services platform validates the PIASK architecture for end-to-end provisioning of multi-modal, heterogeneous, ontology-based services. The development of KnowNet was informed on one hand by the latest trends within service architectures, semantic web technologies and social applications, and on the other hand by the context consideration based on the profile (IK systems dynamics, infrastructure, usability requirements) of the Dwesa community. The realization of the service platform is based on the JADE Multi-Agent System (MAS), and this shows the applicability and adequacy of MAS’s for service deployment in a rural context, at the same time providing key advantages such as platform fault-tolerance, robustness and flexibility. While the context of conceptualization of PIASK and the implementation of KnowNet is that of rurality and of ICT4D, the applicability of the architecture extends to other similarly heterogeneous and context-sensitive domains. KnowNet has been validated for functional and technical adequacy, and we have also undertaken an initial prevalidation for social context sensitivity. We observe that the five tier PIASK architecture provides an adequate framework for developing context-sensitive and ethnocentric software: by functionally separating and making explicit the social networking and access tier components, while still maintaining the traditional separation of presentation, business logic and data components.

Mechanical assembly is an important step during product realization, which is an integrative process that brings together the parts of the assembly, the people performing the assembly and the various technologies that are involved. Assembly planning involves deciding on the assembly sequence, the tooling and the processes to be used. Assembly planning should enable the actual assembly process to be as effective as possible.Assembly plans may have to be revised due to issues arising during assembly. Many of these revisions can be avoided at the planning stage if assembly planners have prior knowledge of these issues and how to resolve them. General guidelines to make assembly easier (e.g. Design for Assembly) are usually suited for mass-manufactured assemblies and are applied where similar issues are faced regularly. However, for very specific issues that are unique to some domains only, such as aircraft assembly, only expert knowledge in that domain can identify and resolve the issues. Assembly experts are the sources of knowledge for identifying and resolving these issues. If assembly planners could receive assembly experts’ advice about the potential issues and resolutions that are likely to occur in a given assembly situation, they could use this advice to revise the assembly plan in order to avoid these issues. This link between assembly experts and planners can be provided using knowledge based systems. Knowledge-based systems contain a knowledge base to store experts’ knowledge, and an inference engine that derives certain conclusions using this knowledge. However, knowledge acquisition for such systems is a difficult process with substantial resistance to being automated. Methods reported in literature propose various ways of addressing the problem of automating knowledge acquisition. However, there are many limitations to these methods, which have been the motivations for the research work reported in this thesis. This thesis proposes a dialog-like method of questioning an expert to automatically acquire knowledge from assembly experts. The questions are asked in the context of an assembly situation shown to them. During the interviews, the knowledge required for diagnosing potential issues and resolutions are identified. The experts were shown a situation, and asked to identify issues and suggest solutions. The above knowledge is translated into the rules for a knowledge based system. This knowledge based system can then be used to advise assembly planners about potential issues and solutions in an assembly situation. After a manual verification, the questioning procedure has been implemented on computer as a software named EXpert Knowledge Acquisition and Validation (ExKAV). A preliminary evaluation of ExKAV has been carried out, in which assembly experts interacted with the tool using the researcher as an intermediary. The results of these sessions have been discussed in the thesis and assessed against the original research objectives. The current limitations of the procedure and its implementation have been highlighted, and potential directions for improving the knowledge acquisition process are discussed.

My thesis addresses to matters of rising connectedness of Accounting and Information Technologies. It describes history of forms and techniques used in Accounting and also the possibilities and trends of Applied Informatics used nowadays in this field. The text accents to efforts of making the process of accounting more effective by reducing the cost, improving the quality and by shortening the time it can be done. The part of my thesis also mentions the level of regulation of the techniques used for processing the accounting from the point of view of national norms and also of International standards.

Due to the long duration required to perform manual knowledge entry by human knowledge engineers it is desirable to find methods to automatically acquire knowledge about the world by accessing online information. In this work I examine using the Cyc ontology to guide the creation of Naïve Bayes classifiers to provide knowledge about items described in Wikipedia articles. Given an initial set of Wikipedia articles the system uses the ontology to create positive and negative training sets for the classifiers in each category. The order in which classifiers are generated and used to test articles is also guided by the ontology. The research conducted shows that a system can be created that utilizes statistical text classification methods to extract information from an ad-hoc generated information source like Wikipedia for use in a formal semantic ontology like Cyc. Benefits and limitations of the system are discussed along with future work.