Submitted by Sandra Maria Neri Santiago (sandra.neri@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-18T18:41:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertação.pdf: 1661681 bytes, checksum: a525e39e828632534b1a6e345c1ba890 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T18:41:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertação.pdf: 1661681 bytes, checksum: a525e39e828632534b1a6e345c1ba890 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-29 / Este trabalho aborda o problema de transpor ferramentas e conceitos cartográficos para aplicações de realidade virtual, focando o uso da generalização cartográfica em mundos urbanos virtuais para turismo. A Generalização Cartográfica é uma área de Cartografia utilizada para se obter versões de mapas cartográficos. Em mundos virtuais este processo pode ser implementado com a geração de níveis de detalhamento (Level of Detail – LOD), mas não existem regras precisas para construir esses níveis de forma automática; grande parte dos trabalhos encontrados na literatura foca apenas na simplificação de polígonos. Para se obter versões generalizadas de mapas, a cartografia faz uso de doze operadores, aplicados pelo Cartógrafo segundo o seu conhecimento do problema. Estes operadores são: simplificar, suavizar, agregar, amalgamar, “merging”, colapsar, refinar, exagerar, aumentar, deslocar, classificação e simbolização. É realizada uma análise destes operadores verificando a viabilidade de sua aplicação em mundos virtuais. O conhecimento de um especialista na área de Cartografia é modelado através de regras de conhecimento, as quais alimentam um sistema especialista utilizado para selecionar os objetos de acordo com o tema, que nesta dissertação é o turismo, e para a aplicação dos operadores sobre o mundo virtual. Três dos operadores cartográficos foram escolhidos para serem implementados para mundos virtuais, pois já eram utilizados de forma isolada: simplificar, suavizar e simbolização. A partir destas informações, o SisGen3D, Sistema de Generalização para mundos virtuais construídos em VRML (Virtual Reality Modelling Language), é apresentado e validado com um mundo virtual, o Recife Antigo Virtual. Este sistema foi desenvolvido em JAVA, modelado com UML (Unified Modelling Language) e utiliza o gerenciador de banco de dados MySQL. / This work deals with the transposition of cartographic concepts and tools to virtual reality applications, using cartographic generalization in virtual urban worlds for tourism applications. Cartographic Generalization is an area in Cartography concerned with the generation of versions of cartographic maps. In virtual worlds, it can be implemented using Levels of Detail - LODs, but there are no known rules for constructing these levels automatically; most of the literature concentrates in polygon simplification. To get versions of maps, Cartography uses twelve operators, applied by the cartographer using domain-specific knowledge: simplification, smoothing, aggregation, amalgamation, merging, collapse, refinement, exaggeration, enhancement, displacement, classification and symbolization. An analysis of these operators is performed in the context of virtual reality. The cartographer domain-specific knowledge is modelled in knowledge rules in an expert system. This expert system is responsible for the selection of important objects and of the application of cartographic operators in virtual worlds. Three operators were implemented to virtual worlds: simplification, smoothing and symbolization. Finally, SisGen3D, a system for generalization virtual VRML worlds is presented. This system, developed in Java, modelled in UML and using the MySQL database, is validated using the Recife Antigo Virtual as a testbed.

Orientador: Sérgio Tonini Button / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T00:05:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_IvanAlexandreCotrick_M.pdf: 5091688 bytes, checksum: ddbd83343728d06fb6e89b21a3a06d98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O processo de conformação plástica através da trefilação a frio de barras de aço tem como principal dificuldade o projeto da ferramenta. Ainda hoje, projetistas lançam mão de ábacos e tabelas colecionados ao longo do tempo através dos sucessos e insucessos experimentais. Tais informações, normalmente, ficam restritas às empresas ou aos poucos técnicos, dentro das suas bibliotecas particulares, onde, devido à dificuldade de acesso às informações práticas para projetar ferramentas e processos mais complexos, a fabricação de perfis trefilados tem perdido espaço para outros meios produtivos, por vezes, mais onerosos. Assim, este trabalho compila ábacos e tabelas presentes em projetos de ferramentas para trefilação ¿ seja através das experiências próprias, seja dos resultados herdados de outros técnicos ¿ e também, o escasso material bibliográfico sobre o assunto, organizando um banco de dados para a modelagem de um método que auxilie assertivamente as tarefas do projeto para ferramentas para trefilação a frio de barras de aço, utilizando-se de programas comerciais de computador. Cabe salientar que o sistema não é definitivo, dessa forma, o programa fonte é aberto e detalhado para que seja analisado e melhorado, sendo indicados os pontos de atenção onde devem ser inseridas ou modificadas informações, tornando o acesso amigável para aderência às particularidades do processo onde for aplicado / Abstract: The process of plastic conformation by cold drawing of steel bars has it's main difficulty in the tool design. Even today, designers have abacuses and tables built over time through the successes and failures experimental. Such collections of information, usually, are restricted to companies or few technicians within their private libraries Due to the difficulty of access to practical information to design tools and more complex processes, the manufacture of cold drawn profiles has lost ground to other, sometimes more expensive, productive means. This work compiles abacuses and tables collected in my 30 years in cold drawing tools' design - either through my own experiences, either from inherited results of the private collections of other technicians - and also, the scarce bibliography about the subject, organizing a database for modeling a method that assertively assists the project tasks for cold drawing steel bars tools, using commercial software. The system is not final, thereby the program has open source and detailed for to be analyzed and improved, being indicated the points where must be inserted - or changed - information, making friendly access to the particularities of the production process where it will be applied / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

The diploma thesis focuses on the present-day system of social security in the Czech Republic. The pension system is analyzed in detail and compared to systems in other countries. It shows the differences among all the various ways of financing the pension systems and the columns it is supported by, also listing all the reasons for the reform of the pension system in our country.

This master’s thesis is focused on the issues of utilization of artificial intelligence resources for decision-making support in company and is focused on detection of the client’s solvency for the purposes of loan providing. Fuzzy logic, expert systems and analysis in MS Excel are used here.

Rating agencies provide service by offering information about different kinds of securities and/or investment opportunities. This paper addresses questions often asked during the 2008 U.S. financial crisis: Why did no one see this coming? Why were all the explanations given afterward, not given before as precautions? Or if they were given before, why did nobody listen? Using Giddens’ idea of disembedded systems [Giddens A (1991a) The Consequences of Modernity (Polity Press, Cambridge, UK)], the paper describes and frames the phenomenon of U.S. financial crisis and the role of rating agencies in particular as a disembedded service system. Hereby it offers an explanation of the crises in contrast to the common incentive-oriented or moralizing perspectives. The paper shows that the U.S. financial crisis emerged from a disembedded service system, a simulacrum of ratings, which after a while was no more connected to the reality of securities. Information-providing service systems are in danger to become simulacra, and with it they can disembed. The paper offers a new insightful perspective on how to analyze and understand information-providing service systems and hence offers a perspective to avoid crises based on disembedded systems. This is the first paper to our knowledge to analyze information-providing service systems based on Giddens’ theory of abstract disembedded systems. It provides a new understanding of information-providing service systems that can help to avoid crises based on disembedded systems.

This dissertation thesis deals with the application of expert systems and soft computing methods in field of power oil transformers. The main work is divided into theoretical and practical part. First, the theoretical part presents the basic elements of the transformer, and approaches to its diagnosis. The work focused mainly on the diagnostics of the insulation system, and diagnostic methods and approaches in this specific area. Next part describes the basics of expert systems and other soft computing methods such as: fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms and their combinations and extensions. At the end of the theoretical part, the possibility of optimization approaches by means of artificial intelligence and its application in fuzzy model optimization are described. The practical part begins with description of the used data file that runs through the entire work. The work is then divided into four parts, namely in parts which deal with the expert system for transformer diagnostics, DGA module, prediction module, and optimization using artificial intelligence. The section describing the expert system gives specific information about the particular expert system. The means and techniques used for constructing given system are described, and then the complete system design and description of all subsystems and modules are presented. The next section describes the developed DGA module and all selected approaches to its implementation and expansion. At the end of the chapter, the results of comparison between all implemented methods are evaluated. The third part deals with the prediction module and describes its design and construction, including description of the main parts which are based on the selected predictive approaches. Also, the predictions of selected quantities from the data file are included. There are two predictive approaches being used: the one step prediction, and the multiple step prediction. The comparison of prediction accuracy and computational cost of given methods is presented at the end of this chapter. The last part deals with the possibilities of optimization using artificial intelligence methods, namely differential evolution, PSO, and genetic algorithms. Both the single-objective and the multi-objective optimization are considered. The methods are compared in a series of synthetic tests and then applied to optimize the fuzzy models of DGA tests from an earlier part of this work. The dissertation also includes chapters: "The Aims", "The Contribution of the Work", and a list of publications, products, and projects of the author.

Den pågående vaccineringen mot covid-19 har inneburit att många människor börjar se ljuset i tunneln på den mörka tid som coronapandemin orsakat. Det råder dock inte konsensus kring vaccinet som uteslutande positiv för folkhälsan då vissa istället väljer att betona riskerna som vaccinet kan medföra framför fördelarna med vaccination.Tidigare forskning visar att faktorer som tillit, risker och individuella medicinska överväganden, likväl som kulturella aspekter har en avgörande roll i riskuppfattning gällande vaccinering.Studiens teoretiska referensram utgår från Becks teori om risksamhället, Giddens begrepp tillit till expertsystem, samt Douglas kulturella riskteori och beskyllningskultur.Syftet med denna pilotstudie är att undersöka studenters riskuppfattning gällande vaccinet mot covid-19, samt ifall riskuppfattning påverkas av faktorer som förändrad tillit och solidaritetsgrad.Datainsamlingen utgörs av en kvantitativ metod i form av enkätundersökning, där studiens urval består av medlemmar i gruppen ”Dom kallar oss studenter” på Facebook. Data från undersökningen analyserades sedan genom univariat analys samt multivariata regressionsanalyser.Resultat från studien visar att studenter med försämrad tillit till myndigheter uppfattar risker med biverkningar från vaccinet i högre grad än studenter som har en likvärdig eller förbättrad tillit till myndigheter. Det visar även att studenter med hög solidarisk inställning ser mindre risker med biverkningar från vaccinet än de med låg solidarisk inställning.Nyckelord: Covid-19, Risk, Förändrad tillit, Tillit till expertsystem, Risksamhället, Solidaritet, Kulturell riskteori, Kris. / The ongoing vaccination against covid-19 has meant that many people begin to see the light in the tunnel of the dark time that the corona pandemic has caused. However, there is no consensus about the vaccine as exclusively positive for public health as some instead choose to emphasize the risks that the vaccine may entail over the benefits of vaccination.Previous research shows that factors such as trust, risks and individual medical considerations, as well as cultural aspects, play a crucial role in risk perception regarding vaccination.The theoretical frame of reference in this study is based on Beck’s theory of the risks society, Giddens’ trust in expert systems, and Douglas’ cultural risk theory and blameculture.The aim of this pilot study is to investigate students’ perception of risk regarding the vaccine against covid-19, and whether risk perception is affected by factors such as changes in trust and degree of solidarity.The data collection consists of a quantitative method in the form of a survey, where the study sample consists of members of the group ”Dom kallar oss studenter” on Facebook. Data from the survey were then analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate regression analyzes.Results from the study show that students with impaired trust in authorities perceive risks of side effects from the vaccine to a greater degree than students who have an equivalent or improved trust in authorities. It also shows that students with a high degree of solidarity see less risks with side effects from the vaccine than those with a low solidarity attitude.

The first case of Covid-19 in Sweden was confirmed at the end of January 2020. At the time of conducting this study the society has begun vaccination against the virus. Although a majority of the population seem positive towards vaccination, the question remains which factors are influencing this attitude. The aim of this study is to create an understanding of how young adults in Sweden reason about Covid-19 and the vaccination thereof. The aim of this study is answered with the following question statements, how do young adults in Sweden reason about the risk of Covid-19 and the vaccination thereof and how do young adults in Sweden reason about the vaccination formed by their natural attitude and trust towards expert systems. Previous research shows that risk and trust towards expert systems are influential factors on individuals' inclination towards vaccines, regarding child vaccines or previous influenza vaccines. Antecedent quantitative studies show differences in vaccination attitudes between age categories and that young adults were most likely to have a negative attitude towards vaccines. This qualitative interview study, focusing on individuals in the age category of young adults, shows how risk and trust towards expert systems can influence their reasoning regarding Covid-19 and the vaccine against the virus, furthermore it shows how their natural attitudes can be affected by the pandemic. The result of this study shows that the studied young adults tend to see more risks with Covid-19 towards other people than themselves, which can be a contributing factor to the attitude towards vaccination of that age category. This study also shows that a high trust in expert systems can enable a positive reasoning regarding the vaccine and that the subjects of this study’s natural attitudes are changed by the pandemic. / Det första fallet av Covid-19 bekräftades i Sverige i slutet på januari 2020. Vid studiens genomförande har samhället påbörjat vaccineringen mot viruset. Även om majoriteten av befolkningen verkar positivt inställda till vaccinet återstår frågan om vilka faktorer som påverkar detta. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en förståelse för hur unga vuxna i Sverige resonerar kring Covid-19 viruset och vaccinationen mot det. Syftet besvaras med följande frågeställningar, hur resonerar unga vuxna i Sverige kring risker med Covid-19 viruset och vaccinationen mot det och hur formas unga vuxna i Sveriges resonemang kring vaccinering av den naturliga inställningen och deras förhållningssätt till expertsystem. Tidigare forskning visar att risk och tillit till expertsystem kan vara påverkande faktorer på individers vaccinationsbenägenhet, åtminstone när det gäller barnvaccin eller tidigare influensavaccinationer. Tidigare kvantitativ forskning har även visat på skillnader i vaccinationsbenägenhet mellan åldersgrupper, där unga vuxna var mest troliga att vara negativt inställda. Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie med individer i åldersgruppen unga vuxna visar hur risk och tillit till expertsystem kan influera deras resonemang kring Covid-19 viruset och vaccineringen mot det samt hur deras naturliga inställning kan påverkas av pandemin. Resultatet av studien visar att respondenterna tenderar att se allvarligare på risker med Covid-19 gentemot andra än sig själva, något som kan vara en bidragande faktor till den åldersgruppens inställning till vaccinering. Studien visar även att en hög tillit till expertsystem möjliggör ett positivt resonemang kring vaccineringen och att den naturliga inställningen i pandemins samhälle är förändrad hos respondenterna.

This work investigates the effective acquisition of lexical knowledge from the Web to perform semantic interpretation. The Web provides an unprecedented amount of natural language from which to gain knowledge useful for semantic interpretation. The knowledge acquired is described as common sense knowledge, information one uses in his or her daily life to understand language and perception. Novel approaches are presented for both the acquisition of this knowledge and use of the knowledge in semantic interpretation algorithms. The goal is to increase accuracy over other automatic semantic interpretation systems, and in turn enable stronger real world applications such as machine translation, advanced Web search, sentiment analysis, and question answering. The major contributions of this dissertation consist of two methods of acquiring lexical knowledge from the Web, namely a database of common sense knowledge and Web selectors. The first method is a framework for acquiring a database of concept relationships. To acquire this knowledge, relationships between nouns are found on the Web and analyzed over WordNet using information-theory, producing information about concepts rather than ambiguous words. For the second contribution, words called Web selectors are retrieved which take the place of an instance of a target word in its local context. The selectors serve for the system to learn the types of concepts that the sense of a target word should be similar. Web selectors are acquired dynamically as part of a semantic interpretation algorithm, while the relationships in the database are useful to iii stand-alone programs. A final contribution of this dissertation concerns a novel semantic similarity measure and an evaluation of similarity and relatedness measures on tasks of concept similarity. Such tasks are useful when applying acquired knowledge to semantic interpretation. Applications to word sense disambiguation, an aspect of semantic interpretation, are used to evaluate the contributions. Disambiguation systems which utilize semantically annotated training data are considered supervised. The algorithms of this dissertation are considered minimallysupervised; they do not require training data created by humans, though they may use humancreated data sources. In the case of evaluating a database of common sense knowledge, integrating the knowledge into an existing minimally-supervised disambiguation system significantly improved results – a 20.5% error reduction. Similarly, the Web selectors disambiguation system, which acquires knowledge directly as part of the algorithm, achieved results comparable with top minimally-supervised systems, an F-score of 80.2% on a standard noun disambiguation task. This work enables the study of many subsequent related tasks for improving semantic interpretation and its application to real-world technologies. Other aspects of semantic interpretation, such as semantic role labeling could utilize the same methods presented here for word sense disambiguation. As the Web continues to grow, the capabilities of the systems in this dissertation are expected to increase. Although the Web selectors system achieves great results, a study in this dissertation shows likely improvements from acquiring more data. Furthermore, the methods for acquiring a database of common sense knowledge could be applied in a more exhaustive fashion for other types of common sense knowledge. Finally, perhaps the greatest benefits from this work will come from the enabling of real world technologies that utilize semantic interpretation.

Цифровые технологии являются неотъемлемой частью производственного процесса и основой для развития цифровой трансформации предприятия во многих процессах, включая и управление человеческими ресурсами. Функция HR превращается в одну из самых важных и динамичных в любой организации. Адаптация как одна из функций управления человеческими ресурсами является основным инструментом в приспособлении работников к новой для них среде. Предприятия, обладающие компетенциями HR нового поколения, демонстрируют значительно более высокие финансовые показатели, чем более слабые в данном отношении конкуренты. Следовательно, в настоящих условиях стоит вопрос о возможности моментального предоставления доступа к актуальной информации и обеспечения более быстрой и эффективной адаптации для сотрудников предприятия с применением цифровых инструментов, таких как интеллектуальный агент (чат-бот). / Digital technologies are an integral part of the production process and the basis for the development of digital transformation of the enterprise in many processes, including human resource management. The HR function is turning into one of the most important and dynamic in any organization. Adaptation as one of the functions of human resource management is the main tool in adapting employees to a new environment for them. Enterprises with a new generation of HR competencies demonstrate significantly higher financial performance than weaker competitors in this regard. Therefore, in these conditions, there is a question of the possibility of instant access to up-to-date information and ensuring faster and more effective adaptation for employees of the enterprise using digital tools, such as an intelligent agent (chatbot).