The study is an exploratory investigation of early adolescents’ buying patterns with regards to clothing using social identity theory. Interviews were conducted with six early adolescents in Attridgeville suburb located in Tshwane (then called Pretoria) in South Africa. This research was prompted by insufficient archived studies which focus on black adolescents in South Africa. Early adolescents are conscious of the youth culture and utilities that are significant to them. The early adolescent stage construes young people as seeking an own identity both individually and within the group. Clothing apparel plays a significant role in the projection of adolescents’ identity in the peer group, and they participate in consumer behaviour that is influenced through socialization. Among others, peers and family circumstances play a central role as socialisation agents for the buying patterns of clothing during adolescence. In this study the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) was used to explore the processes involved in the buying patterns of clothing during early adolescence, particularly for black adolescents in an urban environment. Pictures, compiled in the format of a collage, were used as a projective technique to probe respondents’ constructions of their preferred buying patterns and consumer behaviour. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis as a procedure of qualitative research. Verification of transcripts and themes by an independent third party enhanced validity and reliability of findings. Themes indicate that early adolescents are quite involved in consumer behaviour and make decisions based on lifestyle, consumer socialisation, purchasing styles and filters. Both peers and family act as socialisation agents, and socio-structural factors such as birth order, financial aspects, attitudes, and retail outlets have an impact on the actual buying patterns of clothing. Further study is needed to determine the effect of media and learning styles on the consumer behaviour of black adolescents in a South African context. / Dissertation (MA (Research Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / unrestricted

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Text in Afrikaans / Papalia, Olds en Feldman (2008:419) noem dat die woord "adolessensie" van die Latynse woord "adolescere" afkomstig is. Dit beteken "om te groei in volwassenheid". In hierdie geval word adolessensie gesien as ʼn proses eerder as ʼn spesifieke tydperk in ʼn individu se lewe. Hierdie studie fokus op die adolessent, in die besonder die vroeë adolessente dogter en haar psigo-sosiale ontwikkeling. Spesifieke navorsing word gedoen oor die verhoudingsprobleme wat by die vroeë adolessente dogter gedurende die psigo-sosiale stadium van vroeë adolessensie voorkom, en die moontlikheid van groepsterapie as terapeutiese intervensie. Die benutting van groepsterapie, in die konteks van vroeë adolessente dogters met portuurgroep-verhoudingsprobleme, het die navorser geïnteresseer, weens haar ondervinding met kinders en spesifiek vroeë adolessente dogters met verhoudingsprobleme. Dogters is meer betrokke by hul verhoudings, hulle is meer uitgesproke in terme van hul emosies en benodig emosionele ondersteuning van hul portuurgroep, meer dikwels as wat seuns doen (Papalia et al. 2008:398). Sue, Sue en Sue (2006:579) skryf die toename in groepsterapie toe aan die feit dat baie sielkundige probleme interpersoonlik en intrapersoonlik van aard is. Verhoudingsprobleme binne groepe word dikwels die beste hanteer binne ʼn groep. / Papalia et al. (2008:419) state that the word "adolescence" comes from the Latin word "adolescere". It means "to grow in maturity". In this case, adolescence is seen as a process rather than as a specific time period in an individual's life. This study focuses on the adolescent, and in particular the early adolescent girl and her psychosocial development. Specific research is done on the relationship problems that occur during the development of the psychosocial stage of early adolescent girls and possible therapeutic interventions with the problem. The utilisation of group therapy, in the context of early adolescent girls and peer-relationship problems, interests the researcher, because of her experience with children and specifically early adolescent girls who are prone to peer-relationship problems. Girls are more concerned with their relationships; they are more outspoken in terms of their emotions and seek emotional support from their peers more often than boys do (Papalia et al.2008:398). Sue et al.(2006:579) attributes the increase in group therapy to the fact that many psychological problems are interpersonal and intrapersonal in nature. Relationship problems in groups are often best handled within the group. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Le début de l’adolescence est une période de changements rapides où la détresse psychologique et l’expérimentation de la marijuana sont choses fréquentes. Certaines études longitudinales ont démontré que ces deux phénomènes ont tendance à se manifester conjointement tandis que d’autres n’ont pu observer de tel lien. Ces résultats divergents suggèrent que plusieurs questions persistent concernant la nature de cette relation. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’explorer la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique en début d’adolescence afin de mieux saisir les changements à travers le temps, ainsi que d’examiner si ces deux problématiques évoluent conjointement et s’influencent réciproquement. Un échantillon de 448 adolescents garçons et filles fréquentant deux écoles secondaires de Montréal, ont été suivi de secondaire I à secondaire III. De 1999 à 2001, les participants ont complété un questionnaire à chaque année de l’étude incluant des mesures portant sur la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique (IDPESQ-14). Un modèle de mixture semi-paramétrique (Nagin, 2005) a été utilisé afin d’identifier les trajectoires développementales de la consommation de marijuana et de détresse psychologique. Des analyses ont également été effectuées afin d’établir les liens d’appartenance entre chacune des trajectoires de consommation identifiées et la détresse psychologique lors de la première année de l`étude, ainsi qu’entre chacune des trajectoires de détresse psychologique et la consommation de marijuana en première année du secondaire. Finalement, des analyses de trajectoires jointes ont été effectuées afin de déterminer l’interrelation entre la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. Les résultats de notre étude suggèrent qu’il existe une grande hétérogénéité au niveau de la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. Trois trajectoires développementales ont été identifiées pour la consommation de marijuana: consommation légère, consommation grandissante et consommation élevée et stable. Trois trajectoires ont également été observées pour la détresse psychologique : basse, moyenne et élevée. Nos résultats démontrent la présence d’un lien entre la détresse psychologique rapportée lors de la première année de l’étude et les trajectoires de consommation problématiques. Ce lien a également été observé entre la consommation de marijuana rapportée lors de première année de l’étude et les trajectoires problématiques de détresse psychologique. Les analyses de trajectoires jointes démontrent la présence d’une concordance entre la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. Cette interrelation est toutefois complexe puisque les trajectoires de détresse psychologique élevée sont associées à un niveau de consommation de marijuana plus problématique mais l’inverse de cette association est moins probable. Notre étude met en lumière la nature asymétrique de la concordance entre la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. / Early adolescence is period of rapid changes where psychological distress and marijuana use experimentation are common occurrences. Longitudinal studies examining the association between these two phenomena have provided mixed results and many questions prevail regarding the nature of this association. The purpose of this study is to examine the patterns of co-occurrence between marijuana use and psychological distress in early adolescence. A sample of 448 adolescent boys and girls attending two high schools in Montreal, Canada was followed from Grade 7 to 9. From 1999 to 2001, the participants completed an annual survey which included measures of marijuana use and psychological distress (IDPESQ-14). Using a semi-parametric group based modeling strategy, the study has for objectives to establish the developmental trajectories of marijuana use and psychological distress in early adolescence, to explore how marijuana use or psychological distress measured at baseline is associated with various developmental trajectories and to examine the interrelationship of these two phenomena as they concurrently develop over the span of our study. Our results provide evidence that marijuana use and psychological distress are phenomena with great heterogeneity as they develop over time. We identified 3 trajectories of marijuana use: Light Users, Increasers and High Chronics and 3 trajectories of psychological distress: Low, Medium and High. Our findings also demonstrate that adolescents who reported psychological distress at baseline were more likely to follow problematic trajectories of marijuana use when compared to light users and the reverse of the association was also true since adolescent who reported marijuana use at baseline were more likely to follow an elevated trajectory of psychological distress. Our joint trajectory analysis demonstrated that the developmental patterns of co-occurrence of marijuana use and psychological distress are complex. Our study provides evidence that adolescents following a trajectory of elevated psychological distress are at increased risk of also following a trajectory of elevated marijuana use but adolescents following a problematic trajectory of marijuana use are not necessarily at greater risk of following an elevated trajectory of psychological distress. Our study highlights the presence of an asymmetrical relationship between marijuana use and psychological distress in early adolescence.

This diploma thesis focuses on the perception of parents by their adolescent children. Since the topic is very wide the thesis considers only selected specifics. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters. First part describes parenthood especially in the time with adolescent child and the next topic is adolescence, its history and main characteristics and the change of personality of adolescent. The next part is devoted to describing the social context which influences the adolescent child and forms their perception of parent. The examples of variability of this relationship are presented in the last part. The research target was to find how Czech adolescents perceive their parents. A questionnaire was used as a means to reach this aim. Gained data were sorted and the outcome is presented in the thesis.

Text in Afrikaans / Papalia, Olds en Feldman (2008:419) noem dat die woord "adolessensie" van die Latynse woord "adolescere" afkomstig is. Dit beteken "om te groei in volwassenheid". In hierdie geval word adolessensie gesien as ʼn proses eerder as ʼn spesifieke tydperk in ʼn individu se lewe. Hierdie studie fokus op die adolessent, in die besonder die vroeë adolessente dogter en haar psigo-sosiale ontwikkeling. Spesifieke navorsing word gedoen oor die verhoudingsprobleme wat by die vroeë adolessente dogter gedurende die psigo-sosiale stadium van vroeë adolessensie voorkom, en die moontlikheid van groepsterapie as terapeutiese intervensie. Die benutting van groepsterapie, in die konteks van vroeë adolessente dogters met portuurgroep-verhoudingsprobleme, het die navorser geïnteresseer, weens haar ondervinding met kinders en spesifiek vroeë adolessente dogters met verhoudingsprobleme. Dogters is meer betrokke by hul verhoudings, hulle is meer uitgesproke in terme van hul emosies en benodig emosionele ondersteuning van hul portuurgroep, meer dikwels as wat seuns doen (Papalia et al. 2008:398). Sue, Sue en Sue (2006:579) skryf die toename in groepsterapie toe aan die feit dat baie sielkundige probleme interpersoonlik en intrapersoonlik van aard is. Verhoudingsprobleme binne groepe word dikwels die beste hanteer binne ʼn groep. / Papalia et al. (2008:419) state that the word "adolescence" comes from the Latin word "adolescere". It means "to grow in maturity". In this case, adolescence is seen as a process rather than as a specific time period in an individual's life. This study focuses on the adolescent, and in particular the early adolescent girl and her psychosocial development. Specific research is done on the relationship problems that occur during the development of the psychosocial stage of early adolescent girls and possible therapeutic interventions with the problem. The utilisation of group therapy, in the context of early adolescent girls and peer-relationship problems, interests the researcher, because of her experience with children and specifically early adolescent girls who are prone to peer-relationship problems. Girls are more concerned with their relationships; they are more outspoken in terms of their emotions and seek emotional support from their peers more often than boys do (Papalia et al.2008:398). Sue et al.(2006:579) attributes the increase in group therapy to the fact that many psychological problems are interpersonal and intrapersonal in nature. Relationship problems in groups are often best handled within the group. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Le début de l’adolescence est une période de changements rapides où la détresse psychologique et l’expérimentation de la marijuana sont choses fréquentes. Certaines études longitudinales ont démontré que ces deux phénomènes ont tendance à se manifester conjointement tandis que d’autres n’ont pu observer de tel lien. Ces résultats divergents suggèrent que plusieurs questions persistent concernant la nature de cette relation. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’explorer la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique en début d’adolescence afin de mieux saisir les changements à travers le temps, ainsi que d’examiner si ces deux problématiques évoluent conjointement et s’influencent réciproquement. Un échantillon de 448 adolescents garçons et filles fréquentant deux écoles secondaires de Montréal, ont été suivi de secondaire I à secondaire III. De 1999 à 2001, les participants ont complété un questionnaire à chaque année de l’étude incluant des mesures portant sur la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique (IDPESQ-14). Un modèle de mixture semi-paramétrique (Nagin, 2005) a été utilisé afin d’identifier les trajectoires développementales de la consommation de marijuana et de détresse psychologique. Des analyses ont également été effectuées afin d’établir les liens d’appartenance entre chacune des trajectoires de consommation identifiées et la détresse psychologique lors de la première année de l`étude, ainsi qu’entre chacune des trajectoires de détresse psychologique et la consommation de marijuana en première année du secondaire. Finalement, des analyses de trajectoires jointes ont été effectuées afin de déterminer l’interrelation entre la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. Les résultats de notre étude suggèrent qu’il existe une grande hétérogénéité au niveau de la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. Trois trajectoires développementales ont été identifiées pour la consommation de marijuana: consommation légère, consommation grandissante et consommation élevée et stable. Trois trajectoires ont également été observées pour la détresse psychologique : basse, moyenne et élevée. Nos résultats démontrent la présence d’un lien entre la détresse psychologique rapportée lors de la première année de l’étude et les trajectoires de consommation problématiques. Ce lien a également été observé entre la consommation de marijuana rapportée lors de première année de l’étude et les trajectoires problématiques de détresse psychologique. Les analyses de trajectoires jointes démontrent la présence d’une concordance entre la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. Cette interrelation est toutefois complexe puisque les trajectoires de détresse psychologique élevée sont associées à un niveau de consommation de marijuana plus problématique mais l’inverse de cette association est moins probable. Notre étude met en lumière la nature asymétrique de la concordance entre la consommation de marijuana et la détresse psychologique. / Early adolescence is period of rapid changes where psychological distress and marijuana use experimentation are common occurrences. Longitudinal studies examining the association between these two phenomena have provided mixed results and many questions prevail regarding the nature of this association. The purpose of this study is to examine the patterns of co-occurrence between marijuana use and psychological distress in early adolescence. A sample of 448 adolescent boys and girls attending two high schools in Montreal, Canada was followed from Grade 7 to 9. From 1999 to 2001, the participants completed an annual survey which included measures of marijuana use and psychological distress (IDPESQ-14). Using a semi-parametric group based modeling strategy, the study has for objectives to establish the developmental trajectories of marijuana use and psychological distress in early adolescence, to explore how marijuana use or psychological distress measured at baseline is associated with various developmental trajectories and to examine the interrelationship of these two phenomena as they concurrently develop over the span of our study. Our results provide evidence that marijuana use and psychological distress are phenomena with great heterogeneity as they develop over time. We identified 3 trajectories of marijuana use: Light Users, Increasers and High Chronics and 3 trajectories of psychological distress: Low, Medium and High. Our findings also demonstrate that adolescents who reported psychological distress at baseline were more likely to follow problematic trajectories of marijuana use when compared to light users and the reverse of the association was also true since adolescent who reported marijuana use at baseline were more likely to follow an elevated trajectory of psychological distress. Our joint trajectory analysis demonstrated that the developmental patterns of co-occurrence of marijuana use and psychological distress are complex. Our study provides evidence that adolescents following a trajectory of elevated psychological distress are at increased risk of also following a trajectory of elevated marijuana use but adolescents following a problematic trajectory of marijuana use are not necessarily at greater risk of following an elevated trajectory of psychological distress. Our study highlights the presence of an asymmetrical relationship between marijuana use and psychological distress in early adolescence.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2008. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-193).

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], ix, 137 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-113).