Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att erhålla en djupare förståelse för hur migranter som har flyttat från Chile samt Bosnien och Hercegovina och bosatt sig i Sverige, upplever sin ackulturationsprocess i relation till deras vänskapskrets etniska bakgrund. Arbetet fokuserar på migranters subjektiva upplevelse av den egna ackulturationsprocessen som sedan analyseras utifrån socialpsykologiska teorier. Dessa är social utbytesteori, ackulturation och symbolisk interaktionism samt begrepp som tillhör dessa teorier. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer framkom ett resultat som visar att ackulturationen har en påverkan på vem man väljer att etablera en vänskapsrelation med. Resultatet visar ansatser till att migranter vars strategi för ackulturation är integration i det nya landets samhälle, utvecklar vänskapsrelationer med den etniska majoritetsbefolkningen. Det framkom även att ackulturation som tydliggörs i känsla av separation och marginalisering leder till att migranter endast vänder sig till vänner med tillhörande etnicitet från samma hemland. Vidare visar resultatet att språket är den mest bidragande faktorn till integration, följt av arbete och skolutbildning i det nya landet som andra viktiga bidragande faktorer. / The aim of this study is to obtain a deeper understanding for how immigrants who migrated from Chile and Bosnia and Herzegovina and are residing in Sweden, experience their acculturation process in relation to their friendship relations’ ethnical background. The research focuses on immigrants’ subjective experience of their own acculturation process which is then analyzed with social psychological theories including Social exchange theory, Acculturation and Symbolic interactionism, together with concepts belonging to these theories. Through semi structured interviews, a result emerged which shows that the experienced acculturation has an influence on whom one chooses to establish a friendship relation with. The result shows that immigrants whos acculturation indicates towards integration in the host country tend to develop friendship ties with people of the ethnical majority population. Acculturation made clear in a feeling of separation and marginalization results in that the immigrant solely turns to friends belonging of the own ethnical country of birth. Furthermore, the result shows that language is the most contributory factor for integration, followed by work and schooling in the host country as other important contributory factors.

In the current study, it was aimed to explore young adults&rsquo / communication technology preferences in friendships. With this aim, two survey studies were conducted on university students. In the first study 178 students and in the second study 343 students were surveyed. The findings of both studies demonstrated that (a) face-to-face communication was the most preferred communication,(b) preference for face-to-face communication was positively associated to preference for auditory communication, and negatively associated to preference for written communication, (c) several individual difference variables contributed to relative preferences for face-to-face over mediated communication in negative situations. General &lsquo / ndividual difference variables in relation to Relative Preferences were found to fit into a two-factor higher-order structure. The higher order constructs were Social Openness (the factors tapping to individuals&rsquo / motivation to engage in interpersonal interactions even when those interactions are challenging) and Individuated Functioning (the factors tapping to individuals&rsquo / motivation for personal growth). Relative Preference increased with increases in Social Openness and in Individuated Functioning. Communicaiton-specific individual difference factors underling the associations among Social Openness, Individauted Functioning and Relative Preferences were explored. Results suggested that Social Openness &ndash / but not Individuated Functioning- was indirectly linked to Relative Preferences via Perceived Difficulty of Communication Situations (Study1) / Social Openness was indirectly, and Individuated Functioning was both directly and indirectly linked to Relative Preferences via Difficulty in Handling Negative Situations (Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications of studies were discussed considering the previous literature.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O naturismo, depois de algumas iniciativas isoladas, se organiza no Brasil a partir do final da década de oitenta. Cerca de dez anos depois, é criada, no Rio Grande do Sul, a Colina do Sol, primeira comunidade naturista da América Latina. A formação desta comunidade se constitui em um marco para o naturismo brasileiro, consolidando o principal valor que este movimento propugna: a recuperação da essência humana, que foi perdida a partir do advento da modernidade. Nesta tese, procuro discutir os três aspectos centrais que sustentam esta perspectiva, profundamente ancorada na recuperação dos valores do romantismo do século XIX, cada um deles contrapondo-se a características identificadas nas sociedades modernas. A revalorização da dimensão comunitária, em oposição ao anonimato das metrópoles; a pureza e o igualitarismo dos corpos nus, como negação do hedonismo e do culto do corpo e a ênfase na amizade pura e desinteressada, em contraste com o individualismo das relações frias e calculistas dos jogos sociais. Em cada um deles, procurei evitar tomar a Colina do Sol como um todo homogêneo, procurando identificar como estes aspectos também podem ser vistos como discursos internos às relações de poder que se estabelecem no interior desta comunidade. / Naturism in Brazil becomes organized as a movement since the end of the eighties. Nearly ten years later, the first naturist community in Latin America the Colina do Sol is created in Rio Grande do Sul. The foundation of this community constitutes a cornerstone in Brazilian naturism, strengthening the main values propagated by this movement: a return to a human essence lost with modernity. In this thesis, I try to discuss the three central aspects which sustain this proposal, which is profoundly anchored on XIXth centurys romantic values. Each of these aspects are in turn opposed to characteristics attributed to modern societies: a return to collective life, in contrast to metropolitan anonymity; the purity and egalitarianism of naked bodies, as a denial of hedonism and bodily cultivation; and the emphasis on pure and uninterested friendship, as opposed to the individualism of cold and interested relations. I have avoided taking Colina do Sol as homogenous whole and have attempted to identify how these central aspects may be seen as discourses deployed in the power relations which cut across this community.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O naturismo, depois de algumas iniciativas isoladas, se organiza no Brasil a partir do final da década de oitenta. Cerca de dez anos depois, é criada, no Rio Grande do Sul, a Colina do Sol, primeira comunidade naturista da América Latina. A formação desta comunidade se constitui em um marco para o naturismo brasileiro, consolidando o principal valor que este movimento propugna: a recuperação da essência humana, que foi perdida a partir do advento da modernidade. Nesta tese, procuro discutir os três aspectos centrais que sustentam esta perspectiva, profundamente ancorada na recuperação dos valores do romantismo do século XIX, cada um deles contrapondo-se a características identificadas nas sociedades modernas. A revalorização da dimensão comunitária, em oposição ao anonimato das metrópoles; a pureza e o igualitarismo dos corpos nus, como negação do hedonismo e do culto do corpo e a ênfase na amizade pura e desinteressada, em contraste com o individualismo das relações frias e calculistas dos jogos sociais. Em cada um deles, procurei evitar tomar a Colina do Sol como um todo homogêneo, procurando identificar como estes aspectos também podem ser vistos como discursos internos às relações de poder que se estabelecem no interior desta comunidade. / Naturism in Brazil becomes organized as a movement since the end of the eighties. Nearly ten years later, the first naturist community in Latin America the Colina do Sol is created in Rio Grande do Sul. The foundation of this community constitutes a cornerstone in Brazilian naturism, strengthening the main values propagated by this movement: a return to a human essence lost with modernity. In this thesis, I try to discuss the three central aspects which sustain this proposal, which is profoundly anchored on XIXth centurys romantic values. Each of these aspects are in turn opposed to characteristics attributed to modern societies: a return to collective life, in contrast to metropolitan anonymity; the purity and egalitarianism of naked bodies, as a denial of hedonism and bodily cultivation; and the emphasis on pure and uninterested friendship, as opposed to the individualism of cold and interested relations. I have avoided taking Colina do Sol as homogenous whole and have attempted to identify how these central aspects may be seen as discourses deployed in the power relations which cut across this community.

Text in Afrikaans / Papalia, Olds en Feldman (2008:419) noem dat die woord "adolessensie" van die Latynse woord "adolescere" afkomstig is. Dit beteken "om te groei in volwassenheid". In hierdie geval word adolessensie gesien as ʼn proses eerder as ʼn spesifieke tydperk in ʼn individu se lewe. Hierdie studie fokus op die adolessent, in die besonder die vroeë adolessente dogter en haar psigo-sosiale ontwikkeling. Spesifieke navorsing word gedoen oor die verhoudingsprobleme wat by die vroeë adolessente dogter gedurende die psigo-sosiale stadium van vroeë adolessensie voorkom, en die moontlikheid van groepsterapie as terapeutiese intervensie. Die benutting van groepsterapie, in die konteks van vroeë adolessente dogters met portuurgroep-verhoudingsprobleme, het die navorser geïnteresseer, weens haar ondervinding met kinders en spesifiek vroeë adolessente dogters met verhoudingsprobleme. Dogters is meer betrokke by hul verhoudings, hulle is meer uitgesproke in terme van hul emosies en benodig emosionele ondersteuning van hul portuurgroep, meer dikwels as wat seuns doen (Papalia et al. 2008:398). Sue, Sue en Sue (2006:579) skryf die toename in groepsterapie toe aan die feit dat baie sielkundige probleme interpersoonlik en intrapersoonlik van aard is. Verhoudingsprobleme binne groepe word dikwels die beste hanteer binne ʼn groep. / Papalia et al. (2008:419) state that the word "adolescence" comes from the Latin word "adolescere". It means "to grow in maturity". In this case, adolescence is seen as a process rather than as a specific time period in an individual's life. This study focuses on the adolescent, and in particular the early adolescent girl and her psychosocial development. Specific research is done on the relationship problems that occur during the development of the psychosocial stage of early adolescent girls and possible therapeutic interventions with the problem. The utilisation of group therapy, in the context of early adolescent girls and peer-relationship problems, interests the researcher, because of her experience with children and specifically early adolescent girls who are prone to peer-relationship problems. Girls are more concerned with their relationships; they are more outspoken in terms of their emotions and seek emotional support from their peers more often than boys do (Papalia et al.2008:398). Sue et al.(2006:579) attributes the increase in group therapy to the fact that many psychological problems are interpersonal and intrapersonal in nature. Relationship problems in groups are often best handled within the group. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Text in Afrikaans / Papalia, Olds en Feldman (2008:419) noem dat die woord "adolessensie" van die Latynse woord "adolescere" afkomstig is. Dit beteken "om te groei in volwassenheid". In hierdie geval word adolessensie gesien as ʼn proses eerder as ʼn spesifieke tydperk in ʼn individu se lewe. Hierdie studie fokus op die adolessent, in die besonder die vroeë adolessente dogter en haar psigo-sosiale ontwikkeling. Spesifieke navorsing word gedoen oor die verhoudingsprobleme wat by die vroeë adolessente dogter gedurende die psigo-sosiale stadium van vroeë adolessensie voorkom, en die moontlikheid van groepsterapie as terapeutiese intervensie. Die benutting van groepsterapie, in die konteks van vroeë adolessente dogters met portuurgroep-verhoudingsprobleme, het die navorser geïnteresseer, weens haar ondervinding met kinders en spesifiek vroeë adolessente dogters met verhoudingsprobleme. Dogters is meer betrokke by hul verhoudings, hulle is meer uitgesproke in terme van hul emosies en benodig emosionele ondersteuning van hul portuurgroep, meer dikwels as wat seuns doen (Papalia et al. 2008:398). Sue, Sue en Sue (2006:579) skryf die toename in groepsterapie toe aan die feit dat baie sielkundige probleme interpersoonlik en intrapersoonlik van aard is. Verhoudingsprobleme binne groepe word dikwels die beste hanteer binne ʼn groep. / Papalia et al. (2008:419) state that the word "adolescence" comes from the Latin word "adolescere". It means "to grow in maturity". In this case, adolescence is seen as a process rather than as a specific time period in an individual's life. This study focuses on the adolescent, and in particular the early adolescent girl and her psychosocial development. Specific research is done on the relationship problems that occur during the development of the psychosocial stage of early adolescent girls and possible therapeutic interventions with the problem. The utilisation of group therapy, in the context of early adolescent girls and peer-relationship problems, interests the researcher, because of her experience with children and specifically early adolescent girls who are prone to peer-relationship problems. Girls are more concerned with their relationships; they are more outspoken in terms of their emotions and seek emotional support from their peers more often than boys do (Papalia et al.2008:398). Sue et al.(2006:579) attributes the increase in group therapy to the fact that many psychological problems are interpersonal and intrapersonal in nature. Relationship problems in groups are often best handled within the group. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)