Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-15T19:19:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luana_cristielle_araujo.pdf: 2395383 bytes, checksum: 9bb2ed4d6dcfdf6793777225baf50c2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-12-19T16:41:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luana_cristielle_araujo.pdf: 2395383 bytes, checksum: 9bb2ed4d6dcfdf6793777225baf50c2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-19T16:41:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) luana_cristielle_araujo.pdf: 2395383 bytes, checksum: 9bb2ed4d6dcfdf6793777225baf50c2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar conhecimento sobre a aplica??o de diferentes t?cnicas na restaura??o de ambientes degradados pela minera??o de ferro. A disserta??o foi estruturada em tr?s cap?tulos, sendo o primeiro uma revis?o de literatura, com intuito de retratar os temas abordados na disserta??o. No segundo, avaliou-se o espa?amento de plantio para Vellozia ramosissima e Pseudobombax campestre no modelo de plantio em Leque, visando gerar conhecimento sobre o manejo dessas esp?cies resgatadas na reintrodu??o a ambientes degradados. Para tal depositou-se sobre uma pilha de est?ril de canga ferruginosa uma camada de topsoil associado ? canga ferruginosa, onde foi instalado o experimento em delineamento sistem?tico tipo ?Leque?, conforme o modelo (IA) proposto por Nelder (1962), em que se avaliou oito espa?amentos de plantio, variando de 2 m?/planta a 9,3 m?/planta. As vari?veis analisadas foram o incremento em altura e di?metro de P. campestre, al?m da sobreviv?ncia de V. ramosissima e P. campestre aos quatro, oito e doze meses ap?s o replantio. Para avaliar os melhores tratamentos foram realizadas an?lises de vari?ncia (ANOVA) a 5% de signific?ncia. Para a sobreviv?ncia realizou-se o teste n?o-param?trico de Kruskal-Wallis a 5% de signific?ncia. As duas esp?cies estudadas apresentaram nos per?odos avaliados sobreviv?ncia acima de 80%. O incremento em altura e di?metro de P. campestre foi crescente ao longo do per?odo avaliado, apresentando uma m?dia geral 34,3 cm e 16,6 mm, respectivamente, durante os doze meses ap?s o replantio. Ressalta-se que os espa?amentos de plantio testados para as esp?cies deste estudo n?o apresentaram diferen?as significativas para todas as vari?veis analisadas. O terceiro cap?tulo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial do uso da camada superficial de solo ?topsoil? associado ? canga ferruginosa, como alternativa na recomposi??o da cobertura vegetal de uma pilha de est?ril de canga ferruginosa. A comunidade regenerante foi amostrada aos 10 e 18 meses, ap?s a deposi??o do topsoil. Assim, determinou-se a densidade de plantas, composi??o e diversidade flor?stica, al?m de avaliar a din?mica de popula??es e cobertura do solo. A cobertura vegetal proveniente do topsoil ao final do per?odo avaliado apresentou um total de 19.485 indiv?duos pertencentes a 26 fam?lias com 82 esp?cies e seis morfoesp?cies. As fam?lias com maior n?mero de esp?cies foram Asteraceae (16), seguidas de Fabaceae (11) e Poaceae (8). A cobertura m?dia do solo na ?rea experimental foi de 58%, ap?s 18 meses. A utiliza??o do topsoil mostrou-se como uma t?cnica promissora e de extrema import?ncia na indu??o da restaura??o da pilha de est?ril de canga ferruginosa, uma vez que proporcionou a regenera??o natural, recomposi??o da vegeta??o com esp?cies aut?ctones, crescimento satisfat?rio dos indiv?duos e r?pida cobertura do solo ao longo do per?odo avaliado. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / This work aimed at generating knowledge on the application of different techniques in the restoration of degraded environments due the iron mining. The master's thesis was structured into three chapters, where the first is a literature review which portrays the issues addressed in the thesis. In the second chapter we evaluated the planting spacing for Vellozia ramosissima and Pseudobombax campestre in fan-shaped planting model, aiming at generating knowledge on the management of the two species when reintroduced in degraded environments. For this purpose we deposited on a pile of sterile ferruginous yoke one topsoil layer associated with the ferruginous yoke, where we conducted the experiment in a fan-shaped systematic design, according to the model (IA) proposed by Nelder (1962), in which were evaluated eight planting spacings ranging from 2 m?/plant to 9.3 m?/plant. We analyzed as variables the increase in height and diameter of P. campestre and the survival of V. ramosissima and P. campestre in the fourth, eighth, and twelveth months after replanting. In order to evaluate the best treatments we performed variance analysis (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. For survival we used the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance level. Both the studied species showed survival above 80% in the evaluated periods. The increment in height and diameter of P. campestre was increasing over the studied period, presenting an overall average of 34.3 cm and 16.6 mm, respectively, during the twelve months after replanting. We point out that the plant spacings for the species tested in this study presented no significant differences for all variables. The third chapter aimed at evaluating the potential use of the surface layer of "topsoil" associated with ferruginous yoke, as an alternative in the vegetation cover restoration of a waste pile of ferruginous yoke. The regenerating community was sampled in the 10th and 18th months after the deposit of topsoil. Therefore, we determined the plant density, the composition and the floristic diversity, and we also evaluated the dynamics of populations and soil coverage. The vegetation provided by the topsoil by the end of the studied period showed a total of 19,485 individuals which belong to 26 families with 82 species and six morphospecies. The families with the highest number of species were Asteraceae (16), followed by Fabaceae (11), and Poaceae (8). The average coverage of the soil in the experimental area was 58% after 18 months. The use of topsoil was shown as a promising and extremely important technique in inducing the restoration of the waste pile of ferruginous yoke, once it provided natural regeneration, vegetation restoration with native species, satisfactory growth of individuals, and quick soil coverage over the studied period.

Vegetation sampling was carried out to determine changes on the limestone quarries after 30 years. These semi-permanent plots are located in the Czech Karst Protected Landscape Area in the Czech Republic.

This thesis investigated the restoration of mauri (life-force) to Ōkahu Bay, Auckland New Zealand. Ōkahu Bay is part of the land and waters of Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, a Māori hapū (sub-tribe). Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei has been driving the restoration, restoring Ōkahu Bay based on their worldview, visions, and concerns. This vision and control of the restoration process allows them to bring in the hapū in sustainable engagement and have the long-term vision and commitment necessary for self-determination. However, while there has been progress with projects and improved decision-making authority, hapū members are still not seeing their whānau (family) swimming in and caring for Ōkahu as much as they would like. Interviewees wanted to see an explicit focus on encouraging hapū members to use the bay, such as more educational programs and water-based activities, and continued efforts to improve water quality. Shellfish populations have also not recovered after a decade of monitoring due to structural aspects such as existing stormwater pipes. Changing these requires Auckland City Council to make stronger commitments to supporting Ngāti Whātua’s restoration. Overall, this investigation showed that in this restoration, a clean environment is essential to build community and a community is essential to build a clean environment. This community-driven restoration, while not perfect, has great potential to truly reconnect people with their environments, decolonize the land and the people, and create thriving ecosystems and people that benefit themselves, their communities, and the wider Auckland community.

A família Fabaceae abundante nos trópicos, desperta grande interesse para o uso em recuperação de áreas degradas, já que em sua maioria, são lenhosas e perenes, se adaptam aos mais diversos ecossistemas brasileiros e são capazes de fazer associações simbiônticas com bactérias pertencentes ao gênero Rhizobium, que fixam nitrogênio atmosférico fornecendo-o para a planta em uma forma reativa. Dentro deste contexto, o presente estudo avaliou em um experimento em casa de vegetação como a fixação biológica de nitrogênio em três espécies pertencentes a família Fabaceae variou em função da adição de nitrogênio mineral em diferentes doses e através de tratamentos incluindo-se a inoculação com bactérias do gênero Rhizobium e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs). Os resultados obtidos através da atividade da redução de acetileno indicaram que os nódulos se encontravam ativos no último mês de experimento nas três espécies fixadoras de N2. Houve uma grande variação na porcentagem de N na planta proveniente da fixação (NPPfix). Quando as plantas cresceram em meio onde a disponibilidade de N era baixa, sem a aplicação deste nutriente no solo, a FBN foi favorecida, variando de 34 a 84%. Pelo contrário, foi possível observar que a fixação foi inibida em vasos onde a adição de nitrogênio foi elevada. Devido ao uso do solo não esterilizado, os inoculantes aplicados (bactérias e fungos) parecem ter competido com a microbiota nativa do solo, assim sendo, diferenças entre os tratamentos inoculados e o controle (sem inoculação) não foram encontradas neste estudo / Legumes (Fabaceae) are abundant in the tropics and considered as of great interest as restorer of degraded areas, since most of them are woody and perennials, adapted to several Brazilian ecosystems and able to make associations with bacteria belonging to Rhizobium genus, which fix atmospheric nitrogen, and giving it to the plants in a reactive form. In this context, this study evaluated in a greenhouse experiment how nitrogen biological fixation (FBN) varied in three species of Fabaceae family according to the N-mineral addition in different doses and according to treatments including inoculation with bacteria of Rhizobium genus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The results obtained from the acetylene reduction activity indicate that the nodules were active in the last month of experiment in the three N2-fixing species. There was a wide variation in the plant N percentage derived from fixation (NPPfix). When plants grew in a soil where N availability was low, without application of this nutrient in the soil, the BNF was favored, ranging the NPPfix from 34 to 84%. On the contrary, it was possible to observe that FBN was inhibited in the pots where N additions were higher. Due to the use of unsterilized soil, the applied inoculants (bacteria and fungi) appear to have competed with the native soil microbiota, thus differences between inoculated and control (without inoculation) could not be established in this study

Uma das técnicas de restauração ecológica de vegetação nativa testada é a semeadura direta ou plantio de sementes, que pode diminuir custos, facilitar a implantação e a adaptação rápida da espécie ao ambiente comparando ao plantio de mudas. Porém, essa técnica não suplantou o plantio de mudas e um dos questionamentos é sobre abaixa germinação das sementes e do desconhecimento das práticas adequadas de semeio. Portanto, nessa pesquisa avaliaram-se a qualidade, características e desempenho de sementes de cinco espécies florestais nativas, testando também algumas técnicas de semeio no campo. As sementes utilizadas são de espécies arbóreas de recobrimento: Croton floribundus, Croton urucurana, Guazuma ulmifolia, Solanum granulosoleprosum e Trema micrantha de dois lotes (um comprado no mercado e outro colhido pelo pesquisador no campo).A qualidade dessas sementes foi determinada por meio dos parâmetros físicos: pureza, teor de água, massa de mil sementes, largura, comprimento, área, circularidade, cor (sistemas RGB e banda G), peso e densidade aparente; fisiológicos: a velocidade e a taxa de emergência das plântulas e sanitário: avaliação dos fungos presentes nas sementes. Métodos para o beneficiamento dos lotes de sementes, a partir dos parâmetros físicos foram testados. E foram avaliadas a profundidade de semeadura e a emergência das plântulas das sementes tratadas e não-tratadas através do priming, testados em laboratório e em campo. A caracterização física dos lotes (comprado e colhido) foi semelhante (pureza e teor de água), as outras medidas físicas foram em geral diferentes entre os lotes e geralmente maiores para o lote colhido, e apenas para a G. ulmifolia o lote comprado foi superior. Fisiologicamente, os lotes (comprado e colhido) foram similares, porém o lote de G. ulmifolia comprado e de T. micrantha colhido emergiram mais, e as demais espécies foram semelhantes. O mesmo pode-se afirmar para o índice de velocidade de emergência das plântulas (IVEP), que também foram semelhantes entre os lotes, mas não para TMEP (Tempo Médio de Emergências das Plântulas). Para sanidade, os lotes colhidos obtiveram menor incidência de fungos fitopatogênicos. A densidade aparente foi a variável mais correlacionada com a emergência das sementes. Já as melhores profundidades de semeadura foram de 1 cm para a S. granulosoleprosum, 2 cm para a G. ulmifolia e de 1-2 cm para as demais espécies. O priming foi significativo, em laboratório, para C. floribundus em emergência, IVEP e TMEP, e T. micrantha em IVEP. Em campo, o priming reduziu o TMEP de C. floribundus e de T. micrantha, e melhorou o IVEP desta. As espécies mais recomendadas para semeadura direta a partir da emergência em campo são: S. granulosoleprosum >C. floribundus >G. ulmifolia >C. urucurana >T. micrantha. O monitoramento de emergência das plântulas pode ser realizado em 50 dias para S. granulosoleprosum, 65 dias para T. micrantha e 30 dias para as demais. Concluem-se que os lotes (comprados ou colhidos) são adequados, o uso da densidade aparente é o melhor método de beneficiamento e não houve benefícios significativos com o priming. Essas práticas podem ser empregadas em semeadura direta em restauração ecológica. / One of ecological restoration techniques for native vegetation tested is the direct sowing or planting seeds, which can lower costs, easy deployment and rapid adaptation of species to the environment compared to planting seedlings. However, this technique does not supplanted the planting of seedlings and one of the questions is on the low germination of native species and the lack of best practices of sowing. Therefore, in this study it was evaluated the quality, features and performance of five native species seeds, also testing some sowing techniques in the field. The seeds used were tree species filling, Croton floribundus, Croton urucurana, Guazuma ulmifolia, Solanum granulosoleprosum and Trema micrantha two lots (one purchased in the market and another collected by the researcher in the field). The quality of these seeds was determined by the physical parameters: purity, water content, mass of thousand seeds, width, length, area, roundness, color (RGB systems and G band), weight and specific gravity; Physiological: the speed and the emergence rate of seedlings and health: assessment of fungi present in the seeds. Methods for processing of seed lots, from the physical parameters had tested. And it evaluated the depth of sowing and seedling emergence of seeds treated and non-treated by priming, tested in laboratory and on field. Physical characteristics of the lots (purchased and harvested) was similar (purity and water content), other physical measurements were generally different between lots and generally larger for the lot harvested, and only for the G. ulmifolia purchased lot was higher. Physiologically, lots (purchased and harvested) were similar, but G. ulmifolia purchased lot emerged more and T. micrantha harvested lot was better, and the other species were similar. The same said for the seedling emergence speed index (SESI), which were also similar between lots, but not for MTES (Mean Time Emergencies of Seedlings). For sanity, lots harvested was lower incidence of pathogenic fungi. The specific gravity was the most correlated variable with the emergence of seeds. Already the best sowing depths were 1 cm for S. granulosoleprosum, 2 cm to G. ulmifolia and 1-2 cm for other species. The priming was significant in the laboratory for C. floribundus in emergency, SESI and MTES, and T. micrantha in SESI. In the field, the priming reduced the MTES for C. floribundus and T. micrantha, and improved SESI this. The most recommended species for direct sowing on field in emergency are: S. granulosoleprosum>C. floribundus>G. ulmifolia>C. urucurana>T. micrantha. The emergency monitoring of seedlings can be done in 50 days for S. granulosoleprosum, 65 days for T. micrantha and 30 days for the other. To conclude that lots (purchased or harvested) are suitable, the use of the specific gravity is the best processing method and no significant benefits with priming. These practices may be employment in direct sowing in ecological restoration.

A Mata Atlântica é reconhecida como uma das regiões mais ricas em biodiversidade e um dos ecossistemas mais devastados e seriamente ameaçados em todo o planeta. Além do mais, o ritmo em que ocorrem as mudanças de cobertura, a fragmentação e a destruição de habitats neste Bioma é um dos mais rápidos, por isto são necessárias diversas e urgentes estratégias para promover a sua conservação. A perda de hábitat e a fragmentação são as ameaças mais importantes para a manutenção da biodiversidade em todos os ecossistemas terrestres. Estas ameaças são extraordinárias na Mata Atlântica e, particularmente, na região do Paraguai, porção mais continental e meridional desta floresta, onde é afetada principalmente pelo desmatamento para o uso agrícola. A restauração ecológica compreende um diverso conjunto de conceitos e técnicas desenvolvidas para diminuir distúrbios e restaurar a composição taxonômica, estrutura e função dos sistemas biológicos. O trabalho foi realizado em parcelas localizadas nos Refúgios e Reservas Biológicas Mbaracayú, Carapá, Limoy, Itabó e Tatí Yupí, de propriedade da Itaipu Binacional, nos departamentos de Canindeyú e Alto Paraná, Paraguai. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida entre 2008 e 2009, visando à comparação das formações florestais presente sobre diferentes tipos de solos na área de influência da Represa de Itaipu, visando à recomendação de espécies apropriadas para a restauração ecológica. Tendo em consideração o mesmo histórico de uso anterior à proteção, foram estudadas seis parcelas permanentes de medição e monitoramento de biodiversidade, estabelecidas em florestas com 1,0ha de superfície, em cada uma das reservas biológicas citadas precedentemente. Foram medidas as plantas com DAP 10cm, foram registradas 127 espécies, de 86 gêneros e 40 famílias. As espécies foram agrupadas em clímax 20, heliófitas 8, pioneiras 42, secundárias 39, umbrófilas 3 e 15 sem caracterização do grupo sucessional. O Indice de Shannon (H) para Tatí Yupí foi o maior com 3,728, e Itabó 02 o menor com 3,036. O Índice de Similaridade (Jac) maior resultou entre as parcelas de Limoy-Tatí Yupí com 0,52, e o menor entre as parcelas de Itabó 02-Tatí Yupí e Itabó 02 e Mbaracayú, com 0,37. Os tipos de solos que ocorrem nas parcelas estudadas são dois argissolos e quatro latossolos. A Análise de Correspondência Fatorial (ANACOR), para a densidade, freqüência e dominância relativas foram calculadas através do programa estatístico SPSS, as parcelas de Mbaracayú e Itabó 04 foram as mais particulares e as parcelas de Carapá, Limoy, Itabó 02 e Tatí Yupí foram caracterizadas como florestas mais próximas. São recomendadas 90 espécies para restauração ecológica. / The Atlantic Forest is recognized as one of the richest forests in biodiversity and is one of the most devastated and seriously threatened ecosystems in the planet. Moreover, the pace at which changes occur in coverage, fragmentation and destruction of habitats in this biome is one of the fastest, so many and urgent strategies are necessary to promote its conservation. Habitat loss and fragmentation are the major threats to maintain biodiversity in all terrestrial ecosystems. These threats are extraordinary in the Atlantic Forests, particularly in the region of Paraguay, the most continental and meridional portion of this forest, which is affected mainly by deforestation for agricultural use. Ecological restoration includes a diverse set of concepts and techniques developed to reduce disturbances and to restore the taxonomic composition, structure and function of the biological systems. The work was conducted in plots located in the following Refuges and Biological Reserves owned by Itaipu Binacional: Mbaracayú, Carapá, Limoy, Itabó and Tatí Yupí, in the departments of Canindeyú and Alto Paraná, Paraguay. The research was developed between 2008 and 2009, aimed to compare these forest formations on different soil types in the area of influence of the Itaipu dam, to define and recommend the appropriate species for ecological restoration. Considering the same history of use, prior to their protection, six permanent plots were studied, measuring and monitoring biodiversity. The plots were set in forests of 1.0 ha in each of the previously mentioned biological reserves. The plants with DBH 10 cm were measured. 127 species, in 86 genera and 40 families were recorded. The species were grouped into 20 climaxes, heliophytes 8, pioneers 42, secondaries 39, shadow species 3 and 15 without consideration of the successional group. The largest Shannon index (H\') was for Tatí Yupí with 3.728, and the lowest was for Itabó 02 with 3.036. The largest index of similarity (Jac) resulted for Limoy-Tatí Yupí with 0.52, and the lowest were for the plots of Itabó 02-Tati Yupí and Itabó 02-Mbaracayú with 0.37. The soil types that occur in the studied plots are two Ultisols and four Oxisols. The Factorial Analysis of Correspondence (ANACOR) for relative density, frequency and dominance were calculated using the program SPSS. The plots of Mbaracayú and Itabó 04 were the most particular and the plots of Carapá, Limoy, Tatí Yupí and Itabo 02 were characterized as near forests. 90 species are recommended for ecological restoration.

Ecosystem services, capturing the benefits and values of functioning ecosystems for human well-being, is a concept receiving increasing attention both in science and policy. This study investigates the utility of considering ecosystem service in the ecological restoration of a river affected by small-scale hydropower. While hydropower is a renewable energy source, it has impacts on the ecological status in water sheds and generates issues addressed e.g. by the EU Water Directive. To mitigate ecological impacts, and maintain hydroelectricity production that better correspond to the Water Directive, several restoration measures are carried out in river Billstaån, County of Jämtland, Sweden.   This study presents an ecosystem service perspective of the restoration process in river Billstaån linked to recommendations in terms of further interpretation, monitoring and communication of the assessment results. By applying evaluation of ecosystem services to the case of river Billstaån, it is examined to what extent ecosystem service descriptions can give support in monitoring and communication of the results of the ecological restoration efforts.   Ecosystem services were assessed for the restoration outcomes in river Billstaån using the two frameworks Corporate Ecosystem Service Review (ESR) and Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Assessment (TESSA), respectively. The ecosystem services deemed most important partly differed between the two frameworks due to different assessment perspectives. However, both ESR and TESSA pointed out ecosystem services connected to recreation and tourism as important, indicating a potential regarding recreational use of the area. Such socio-economic impacts of the restoration project was not included in the planning of the restoration, but if identified and utilized such “added benefits” might give opportunities for local rural development beyond the restoration work itself.   Contrasting the results from the ecosystem service assessment of river Billstaån towards the Swedish Environmental Objectives identified two direct and seven indirect connections. Through these connections the restoration project can be presented in relation to national goals. Indicating such connections can help in communicating the ecosystem service perspective. For future monitoring of project outcomes in river Billstaån, a set of potential indicators were identified using an ecosystem service approach, that can complement the planned monitoring of ecosystem functions. For future monitoring of ecosystem service development it is advisable to use a combination of indicators that reflect both the ecosystem function availability and the ecosystem service use. Three types of illustrations that can support different perspectives in future communication regarding ecosystem services in river Billstaån were identified in this study and termed system, overview and single service perspective. Example illustrations include a Causal Loop Diagram, a hot-spot map and a range of photos, respectively. The illustrations are deemed to present the assessment results in a more accessible way and can be adapted to a diversity of future communication settings. / <p>Betyg 2017-06-14</p>

[pt] O imbricamento entre cultura e natureza na trajetória humana é objeto da história ambiental: campo historiográfico, inerentemente interdisciplinar, que articula práticas adotadas nas ciências humanas e ciências naturais. À luz dos conceitos de fronteira, paisagem e território, e tendo como ponto observacional o maciço da Tijuca, investiga-se o processo de destruição e reconstrução de suas florestas, no decorrer do século XIX. A intensidade na exploração dos recursos energéticos e madeireiro agravou o abastecimento hídrico da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e resultou na premente necessidade de recomposição florestal, especialmente nas áreas de nascentes. Objetiva-se, à luz do repertório de espécies empregadas, e considerando o desenvolvimento do projeto, avaliar a ocorrência de um padrão na seleção de espécies a serem utilizadas nos plantios denotando uma intencionalidade distinta à unicamente solucionar a crise de abastecimento hídrico. Além disso, buscou-se identificar a ocorrência de testemunhos vivos das mudas e arvoretas utilizadas nos plantios pretéritos que permitisse delimitar a área original do projeto. Para isso, foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias: desde a busca e o exame de documentos históricos, depositados em arquivos, bibliotecas e museus, até o emprego de metodologia para a amostragem da vegetação, além de processos padrões aos estudos de anatomia e sistemática botânica. O estudo das coleções de herbários, o emprego de técnicas cartográficas e o uso de dados climatológicos foram fundamentais à execução do trabalho. A circunscrição ora proposta como área do projeto indica que a floresta plantada teria cerca 330 ha, sugerindo a priorização na recomposição por microbacias, a qual totalizou, nos 33 anos analisados, cerca 110 mil árvores plantadas com sucesso em um repertório de pelo menos 107 espécies, no qual as nativas foram preferencialmente empregadas. O uso madeireiro, em especial para o segmento naval foi priorizado, mas também foram atendidos outros propósitos: como o de comércio e construção. O modelo empregado no projeto, associado aos critérios de seleção das áreas para plantio e das espécies, caracterizam um planejamento estratégico que previa, valendo-se de uma crise hídrica urgente, recuperar as nascentes e gerar riqueza no médio e longo prazo, diversificando o uso do solo e inaugurando um ciclo de exploração silvicultural no país. / [en] The imbrications between culture and nature in the human trajectory are the object of environmental history: a historiographic field, inherently interdisciplinary, that articulates practices adopted in the human and natural sciences. In the light of the concepts of frontier, landscape and territory, and having the Tijuca massif as an observational point, we investigated the processes of destruction and reconstruction of its forests along the 19th century. The intensity in the exploitation of energy resources and wood worsened the water supply of the city of Rio de Janeiro and resulted in an urgent need for forest restoration, especially in the spring areas. In light of the repertoire of species used and considering the project s development, the objective is to evaluate the occurrence of a pattern in the selection of species to be used in plantations, denoting a distinct intention to solely solve the water supply crisis. In addition, we sought to identify the occurrence of living evidence of seedlings and small trees used in past plantations that would allow delimiting the original area of the project. To do so, different methodologies were used, ranging from the search and examination of historical documents in archives, libraries and museums, to the use of methods for sampling the vegetation, in addition to standard processes for anatomy and systematic botanical studies. The study of herbarium collections, the use of cartographic techniques and of climatological data were crucial to this work. The circumscription proposed as the project area indicates that the planted forest would have about 330 ha, suggesting prioritization in the restoration by micro-watersheds, which totaled, in the 33 years analyzed, about 110,000 successfully planted trees from a repertoire of at least 107 species, in which native species were chosen over exotic ones. The use of timber, especially for the naval segment, was prioritized, but other purposes were also served: trade and construction. The model used in the project, associated with the criteria for selecting the areas for planting and the species, characterize strategic planning that called for –while taking advantage of an urgent water crisis – a recovery of the springs and generation of wealth in the medium and long term, diversifying soil use and inaugurating a cycle of silvicultural exploration in the country.

Sur le site de la friche industrielle de l'Escalette dans le parc national des Calanques (Marseille), une réflexion alliant écologie de la restauration et phytoremédiation est menée dans le but d'optimiser les fonctions écosystémiques qui limitent les transferts d'éléments traces métalliques et métalloïdes (ETMM) des sols. Une caractérisation in situ de la composition et la structure des communautés végétales natives et spontanées a été menée sur des sites fortement contaminés, permettant de sélectionner des plantes tolérantes. La réponse de deux espèces pérennes natives à l'hétérogénéité de la contamination des sols en ETMM a été évaluée in situ, notamment via l'analyse des interactions sol-plantes microorganismes de la zone rhizosphérique. Enfin, des essais de restauration écologique des communautés végétales natives, basés sur la capacité de plantes natives tolérantes à stabiliser les ETMM et les dynamiques de résilience des communautés végétales, ont été menés sur une zone fortement contaminée. Les résultats indiquent qu'un siècle de contamination en ETMM a affecté de façon significative les communautés végétales en terme de composition, diversité et structure. Ils mettent en évidence une tolérance des plantes natives impliquant des microorganismes symbiotiques. Les résultats préliminaires des essais de restauration écologique confirment le choix d'espèces natives pour relancer une dynamique de végétation sur sols très contaminés et l’importance de créer des microsites favorables dans des milieux (semi-)arides hétérogènes. Ils apportent une contribution au développement d'écotechnologies pour la restauration des sols contaminés dans un contexte méditerranéen. / On the Escalette brownfield, included in the area of the Calanques National Park (Marseille, southeastern France), a research project combining restoration ecology and phytoremediation is carried out, in order to optimize the ecosystem functions which limit the transfers of metals and metalloids (MM) and to restore the functions of the contaminated soils. We developed an in situ characterization approach of the composition and structure of plant communities that grow on MM contaminated sites. This enabled the selection of native plants, tolerant to high concentrations of MM. In a second step, the response of two native perennial species to surface and depth heterogeneity of MM soil contamination was evaluated in-situ, regarding the soil-plant-microorganism interactions at the rhizosphere level. Finally, ecological restoration trials of native plant communities were carried out in a polluted hotspot, based on the ability of native plants to stabilize MM and the resilience dynamics of plant communities.The results indicated that a century of MM pollution pressure produced a significant correlation with plant community dynamics in terms of composition, diversity and structure. They showed that the tolerance of native plants involves symbiotic microorganism interactions. Preliminary results from ecological restoration trials confirmed the method for native plants species selection to recover a vegetation dynamic on highly polluted soils and the importance of creating favorable microsites in heterogeneous (semi-)arid environments. They contribute to the development of ecotechnologies for the restoration of contaminated soils in a Mediterranean context.

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