This thesis focuses on environmental taxes and their gradual introduction in the Czech Republic within the ecological tax reform. The work mentions the history of environmental policy in the European Union, implementation and harmonization processes in the whole community in the area of ecology. Briefly touches on the objectives and principles of environmental protection that the European Union has set out the current environmental taxes and charges in the individual Member States. Among EU countries, details the history of the introduction of environmental taxes in Denmark and Sweden. The work is a general view of the reform in the country. Her appreciation and potential impacts of reform.

We can find ecological taxation in every EU-15 countries and their importance grow continually. Czech "green" reform appear from the German draft. There was boot ecological taxation before ten years. It's enaugh time to estimation of their affects. The aim of this work is estimate the incidence of ecological taxation on tax subjects and tax system. This work show the state of German economy and tax system before and after the tax reform from year 1999 - 2003. There are presented winner and loser in conjunction with tax reform too. The forecast of future development is included in the last part of this work.

Po industrializacijos periodo buvo pastebėtas vis didėjantis neigiamas poveikis aplinkai, kuris nebuvo kiekybiškai apskaičiuojamas ir įtraukiamas į ekonomines sąskaitas. Aplinka ir ekonomika yra glaudžiai susijusios. Aplinka turi ekonominę vertę, kuri yra itin svarbi ir reikšminga visai ekonomikai, gamintojams ir vartotojams. Tik prieš šimtmetį pradėtas analizuoti ekonominės veiklos neigiamas poveikis aplinkai, kurį būtina valdyti, įtraukti į ekonominius skaičiavimus ir kaip galima labiau minimizuoti. Šio darbo tikslas - atlikti dviejų ekologinę mokesčių reformą įgyvendinusių šalių lyginamąją analizę ir pateikti rekomendacijas Lietuvai dėl galimos ekologinių mokesčių reformos įgyvendinimo plėtros. Pirmoje darbo dalyje analizuojama ekologinių mokesčių koncepcija: jų atsiradimo priežastys, tikslai, privalumai ir trūkumai, taip pat įtaka darniam šalies vystymuisi. Antroje dalyje apžvelgiamos ekologinių mokesčių reformos Švedijoje ir Vokietijoje, taip pat aprašomas šių reformų palyginimo bei Lietuvos esamos situacijos analizės šioje srityje metodologinis pagrindimas. Paskutinėje darbo dalyje atlikta lyginamoji reformų Švedijoje ir Vokietijoje rezultatų analizė įtraukiant ir Lietuvos aplinkos situacijos bei mokesčių vertinimą, taip pat pateikiamos rekomendacijos aplinkos mokesčių reformos plėtrai Lietuvoje. / Following industrialization, negative environmental impact, which previously had not been evaluated quantatively and was not included in economic accounts, was taken into account. Economics and the environment are closely related disciplines. The environment has economical value which is very relevant to the whole economy, producers and consumers. Only a century ago negative economic impact on the environment began to be analyzed and included in calculations with the aim of minimizing environmental impact as much as possible. The aim of this work is to undertake a comparable analysis of two countries which have already carried out eco-tax reform, and to propose recommendations about eco-tax reform introduction and development in Lithuania. The first part of this work examines the concept of eco-taxes: their causes, goals, strengths and weaknesses, as well as their impact on sustainable development. The second part is an overview of eco-tax reform in Sweden and Germany, and description of methodology of comparable analysis of eco-tax reform in Sweden and Germany, and of estimation of the tax situation in Lithuania. The last part includes comparable analysis of those 2 countries and Lithuania, as well it finishes with recommendations for eco-tax reform‘s possible results in Lithuania.

1 Taxes, charges and other similar instruments for the environmental protection The reason why I chose this theme is that the environmental protection from the perspective of financial law is a very topical issue in all EU countries, including the Czech Republic. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse instruments that are utilized for environmental protection. The thesis deals with direct and indirect regulatory instruments and the increased attention is paid to the energy taxes. The thesis is composed of five basic chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the environmental protection from the perspective of financial law. Chapter One and Two is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis such as the environment and environmental protection or environmental policy. Chapter Three deals with the basic structure of instruments for environmental protection, which are instruments of direct regulation (normative) and indirect regulatory instruments (economic). This chapter also describes the characteristics of these instruments and their advantages and disadvantages. Chapter Four concentrates on economic instruments - environmentally related charges and especially environmentally related taxes. This chapter deals with the term of environmental taxes, their characteristics and...

This thesis deals with the ecological tax reform in the Czech republic, the plan of the environmental tax reform revenues is monitored , in comparison with the actual returns. Whether they have reached the projected amount or not. Furthermore, the revenue neutrality is tracked, its comparison of the plan with the facts. Fulfilling the targets of the second stage of the EDR (tax co emissions) and the impact of the reform on households and businesses, in terms of their expenditure for the consumption of electricity and the change in consumption of electric energy for households and businesses itself, whether it has downward or upward trend. Last but not least, the thesis also includes the economic impacts of the environmental tax reform and particularly the implications for households and industry.