The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between economic growth and the inflow of foreign direct investment in the SSA region. Secondary data from organizations and institutes are used to examine if other factors may affect total GDP, in addition to FDI. The estimations used in the regression are foreign direct investment, property rights, level of corruption, logistic performance index, education level, initial GDP and life expectancy.

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Pirmojoje darbo dalyje suformuota TUI svarba ir vieta tarptautinėje prekyboje.Antroje dalyje analizuojama tiesioginių užsienio investicijų situacija bei vystymas Lietuvoje. Atskleidžiama tiesioginių užsienio investicijų (TUI) daroma įtaka ekonominiam augimui Lietuvoje bei nustatomos tendencijos ateityje. Atliekama tiesioginių užsienio investicijų statistinė analizė, aptariama tyrimo, atliekamo trečiojoje dalyje, metodologija. Trečioje dalyje sudaromi regresiniai modeliai, analizuojama tiesioginių užsienio investicijų (TUI) struktūros ir bendro vidaus produkto (BVP) augimo koreliacija. Remiantis slenkančio vidurkio, eksponentinio išlyginimo bei tiesinio trendo metodais, prognozuojamas tiesioginių užsienio investicijų (TUI) bei bendro vidaus produkto (BVP) dydis 2009 metams bei nustatomos pagrindinės didėjimo/mažėjimo tendencijos. Pateikiami atlikto tyrimo rezultatai, tikrinant tyrimo hipotezę, išvados bei pasiūlymai. / The object of the paper is foreign direct investment. The main purpose of the work: to find the best method for estimation of relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part main terms and attitudes of foreign direct investment are given. The basic principles of their structure, features are analysed. In the second part the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth is analyzed. The basic methodology of the analysis is given. In the third part, correlation regression models of foreign direct investment‘s structure by economic sectors and gross domestic product have been calculated. It can be maintained that foreign direct investment have a big impact on economic growth in Lithuania.

Over the last quarter of a century, the nature and balance of the policies pursued by local government, and the ways in which local government pursues them, have changed considerably. In the face of technological advance, deindustrialisation, global restructuring and intensified competition, local authorities have had to become proactively engaged in promoting their assets and competing for much sought after investment. As such, it is widely acknowledged that there has been a reorientation in local government away from an emphasis on social service provision and social welfare, towards an emphasis on economic growth, economic development and policies designed to enhance economic competitiveness. This reorientation has been accompanied by changes in how these policies are delivered and by whom, and is classically referred to as the shift from managerialism to entrepreneurialism. For example, place promotional strategies have been delivered by an ever wider array of public, quasi-public and private sector agencies. Characterised by tile prioritisation of local economic development, most notably via the adoption of' place promotional strategies, and an institutional shift from public sector government to public-private governance, the shift to entrepreneurialism has fundamentally changed the way places are governed. It is widely perceived therefore that place promotion is integral to the process of contemporary governance, and yet despite this, few commentators have sought to specify the form of local governance arrangements that have developed in support of place promotion, or examine the relationship between place promotion and governance. These themes are developed in this thesis through a postal questionnaire survey of British local authorities and two case studies in Newcastle upon Tyne and Leeds. In general, the prominent role of local authorities within these new governance arrangements is highlighted, together with the complex and distinctive nature of the shift to entrepreneurialism in particular places.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02

International tourism plays a huge role for many countries in the world. The significance of tourism differs between countries, however increase in tourism tends to lead to gross domestic product growth. The purpose of this paper is to measure those general effects of tourism on gross domestic product per capita. The theory part is focused on determinants of economic growth and GDP and the literature review examines general effects of tourism as well as the effect of tourism on specific countries and regions. The data is cross sectional and was gathered from 111 countries provided by World Bank. The results of this thesis show that international tourism seems to have positive relation with the level of gross domestic product per capita. However, the study also found that tourism specialisation tends to have negative relation on level of gross domestic product per capita and that countries that are most specialised in tourism are quite small states, usually located in the Caribbean Sea.

In late 1999, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) jointly launched the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) Initiative, under which low income countries (LICs) would be supported to develop multi-sectoral economic and social development plans. As such, these national PRSs would serve as the effective policy conditionality for concessional lending and the allocation of debt relief. Heralded by many as path breaking, the Initiative refocused attention on the role of the State and identified poverty reduction, as opposed to growth alone, as the primary goal of policy. However, from the outset, PRSs have been controversial. The most trenchant critics have described these plans as merely re-formulated structural adjustment packages. Other, more considered accounts, have questioned whether PRSs’ are capable of overcoming the agency problems inherent to donor-recipient relationships, and their ability to succeed in the weak policy environment typified by most LICs.In spite of the passage of some ten years, a rigorous evaluation of performance has yet to be published. This thesis aims to provide such an appraisal drawing on both quantitative and qualitative evidence. It employs cross-sectional statistical and econometric methods to examine poverty, growth and inequality outcomes based on a specially constructed dataset; and two detailed analytical case studies (for Mongolia and Vietnam) to probe the causal processes.Although some aggregate evidence is found of performance gains (relating to both poverty reduction and growth), these effects are partial and statistically fragile. Moreover, while no direct evidence is found of dis-inflationary policy biases, it is possible to detect a new narrowness within PRS policymaking. This reflects an orthodox policy consensus which favours growth over distributional improvements and places emphasis on a managed liberalization process. Additionally, it proved very difficult to find a causal link been PRS adoption and beneficial outcomes. The case study materials underline the pivotal role played by the IFIs in the design and management of PRSs, and their transitory and limited impact on actual national policy responses. Conclusions support many of the propositions put by the critical literature, and find that PRSs are poorly adapted to local institutional frameworks and neglect national political economies. As a result, their substance and longer term effectiveness is in doubt.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the fact that publiccapital, or public infrastructure, plays a crucial role in determining economic growthin low-income countries. This thesis studies the links among public capital, economicdevelopment, and growth, using overlapping generations (OLG) models. Chapter 1 develops a three-period, gender-based overlapping generations modelof endogenous growth with endogenous intra-household bargaining and child labourin home production by girls. Improved access to infrastructure reduces the amount oftime parents fi…nd optimal for their daughters to spend on household chores, therebyallowing them to allocate more time to studying at home. The model is calibratedfor a low-income country and various quantitative experiments are conducted. Thisincludes an increase in the share of public spending on infrastructure, an increase intime allocated by mothers to their daughters, and a decrease in fathers’' preferencefor their daughters' ’education. Our analysis shows that poor access by families toinfrastructure may provide an endogenous explanation, beyond social norms andcultural values, for the persistence of child labour at home and gender inequality inlow-income countries. In Chapter 2, the link between infrastructure and industrial development is stud-ied in an OLG model with endogenous skill acquisition. Industrial developmentis defi…ned as a shift from an imitation-based, low-skill economy to an innovation-based, high-skill economy where ideas are produced domestically. Imitation gen-erates knowledge spillovers, which enhance productivity in innovation. Changes inindustrial structure are measured by the ratio of the variety of imitation-based toinnovation-based intermediate goods. The model also distinguishes between basicinfrastructure, which helps to promote learning-by-doing and productivity in imi-tation activities, and advanced infrastructure, which promotes knowledge networksand innovation. Numerical experiments, based on a calibrated version for a low-income country, show that changes in the level and composition of public investmentin infrastructure may have signi…ficant effects on the structure of the labour force andthe speed of industrial development.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF WEI GAO, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in ECONOMICS, presented on JUNE 28th, 2011, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: ASSASSINATION AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE MAJOR PROFESSORS: SCOTT GILBERT AND KEVIN SYLWESTER The goal of this dissertation is to investigate how assassination attempts affect economic performances. The challenge is that assassination attempts may not be exogeneous. Thus, I use the outcome of an assassination attempts, success or failure, which is plausibly exogeneous, as the key independent dummy variable to conduct the econometric analysis. This dissertation is composed of three chapters. The first chapter studies whether national leadership shocks affect a country's economic growth. Jones and Olken (2005) find that national leaders' accidental death has impacts on the country's economic growth. Jones and Olken (2009) also find that different outcomes of assassination attempts, success versus failure, matter for the institutions of the country. This chapter follows the methodology in Jones and Olken (2009) to study the impact of different assassination outcomes on economic growth. This chapter finds that basically assassination attempts have no impact on economic growth. But assassination attempts are statistically significant considering two year window. The second chapter studies whether national leadership shocks affect a country's investment. This chapter follows the same methodology in the first chapter to study the impact of different assassination outcomes on investment. The findings in this chapter show that plausibly exogeneous outcome of assassination attempts does not determine the growth of investment or investment level in the country. The result is robust to controlling for different political regimes. The result is also robust to use propensity score approach to separate the effects of successful assassination attempts and unsuccessful ones. The third chapter studies whether national leadership has influence on economic policies. Jones and Olken (2005) find that leaders affect monetary policy and find no persuasive evidence that leaders affect fiscal, trade or security policy. This chapter employs the same methodology in the first two chapters to reexamine the issue. The findings in this chapter find no persuasive evidence that leaders affect fiscal policy or monetary policy. However, there is some evidence that national leaders affect trade policy.