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The motive behind this dissertation involved the scholastic empirical testing of the impacts of development policy, pursued at macro-economic level in housing and construction industry in Zimbabwe during Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) between 1990-1995. It further explores the understanding of the variety of interconnections between macro-economic in light of structural adjustment and Shelter development Strategy. The introductory focuses on conceptualisation of the dissertation in relation to contemporary policy and academic debates. A historical review of both macroeconomic and shelter industry management policies experienced in Zimbabwe prior to ESAP are examined. Architecture structure of the adjustment programe specifically in the in creating an enabling environment in respect to the overall macro-economic reforms in relation to the shelter industry is sketched. Party Two deals with housing and Zimbabwean construction finance both prior and after ESAP, comparison with other African countries is reviewed-positive impacts of liberalizing a sophisticated financial sector, limited impact in attracting foreign investment and negative impact of reduced government investment on the housing construction industry. The final section deals with the impact of adjustment and shelter strategy on job creation and income levels. Also focuses on the responsiveness of the construction supply to adjustment and enablement policies. The development of ideas surrounding this research and methodology of fieldwork are also discussed. Conclusion and recommendations are drawn to fulfill the dissertation-Scholarly. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 2001.

The study also provides an overview of the impact of privatisation on human rights. To accomplish this objective, case studies of Zambia were undertaken within the concept of the social and economic impacts, seeking to answer six basic research questions posed: What were the objectives of the Zambian privatization programme? Was the privatization process executed according to the provisions of the Zambian Privatization Act of 1992 and 1996? How is the outcome of the privatization process perceived by Zambians, success or failure, what are some of the social and economic consequences of privatisation programme? What are the human rights implications of the privatization programme undertaken in Zambia? Mainly qualitative data collecting methods, involving semi-structured interviews, document analyses and direct observations of activities of the privatised companies were employed, to answer these questions. The study examines Zambia's background to privatisation, posits implications of privatisation on the realization of human rights, looks at the case study of privatisation of the ZCCM and the outcomes of privatisation. The study has been influenced by a number of conflicting divestiture evaluation outcomes: for some the Zambian privatization process represents a model programme, the 'most successful in Africa', which serves as an example for other developing African countries to emulate whilst for others, it is a "deeply flawed experience", resulting in negative social and economic consequences which permitted the withdrawal of the provision of social services, massive human rights violations and job losses. Based on evidence from these outcomes, the principal findings from the study suggest that Zambia's privatisation programme has had both negative and positive results. In reviewing the outcomes of the privatisation process, the intent is neither to justify nor reject privatisation, but rather, on the basis of past experience, to highlight key elements of outright failures and success and provide recommendations for future use. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2006.

In recent years, increasing attention has been devoted to the inequalities in development of countries, especially the third world countries, in formulating national development plans. Geographers interested in the regional dimension of development, now take greater cognisance of issues related to inequalities in development. This thesis is a contribution to the growing area of regional development. It investigates the spatial dimension of development and its associated variations. Transkei has been selected for this study because of its historical past as a "child" of separate development policy of South Africa and as a third world country. The separate development policy and its dependence on its former colonial power, have contributed in evolving inequalities in the spatial pattern of development. Past development plans have failed to produce balanced development. There is, therefore, a need to evaluate the existing factors that have produced these inequalities to see if a different strategy can be adopted to correct the existing inequalities. Transkei's 28 districts were used in this study, based on 19 variables. Factor and Cluster Analyses were the analytical techniques used. The investigation's results are as follows: 1. The factors underlying the relationships between the 19 variables were found to reflect three broad factors: Agglomeration, Industrialization and Education factors, with contributions of 72.36%, 8.24% and 6.47% respectively, to the total variance. 2. These factors were observed to owe their existence to institutional and traditional factors with their particular spatial patterns. The districts associated with the agglomeration and industrialization factors were found to be relatively more developed, forming patterns similar to the letter Y. The districts associated strongly with the education factor, have little development potential and forms a continuous belt running from the north west through central to the eastern coast and a compact block to the south. 3. Five major development groups obtained from the application of cluster analysis, represent a broad framework within which the inequalities of development in Transkei could be discussed. From the findings, it has been proposed that the institutional and traditional factors would have to undergo major changes, if considerable balance in the spatial development of Transkei could be achieved. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, 1992.

This study is concerned with the feasibility and problems associated with the timely establishment of the SADC monetary union and central bank. During this study an indepth literature review was done to analyse / establish the historical background for the establishment of the monetary union for SADC, to look at the reason for a central bank's existence and the functions performed by the central banks in the region. The study looks at the benchmark used for the establishment of this monetary union, this being the European Union. It looks at the establishment of the monetary union from a political, central banking, commercial banking and business perspective and also how these entities will be affected by the establishment. The study aims at looking at the problems that might prevent the SADC region from reaching the expected implementation date of 2016 and to make some recommendations to assist the different parties to best prepare for the successful implementation of this monetary union for SADC. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2006.

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In the Third World, the Oil Crisis has emphasized the vulnerability of certain large oil-importing countries, engaged in an extensive process of industrialization. The author asks whether Brazil's response to this new challenge will emerge from a tradition of direct State involvement in Energy (exemplified by PETROBRAS), or an original strategy based on the private sector. Both the personal commitment of General Geisel to enhance the national bourgeoisie, and the general context of the mid-Seventies, favour the latter. As the locally-owned sugar-producing oligopoly promotes an alcohol program to replace gasoline, the State is seeking a loose formula--an Alliance of the agro-energetic sector with the multinational automobile industry and PETROBRAS. Its success would be based on the performance of each actor. / Given a tradition of susceptibility of the Brazilian State to internal lobbying, and the choice in favour of indirect involvement in the program, it is not surprising that controls remained largely ineffective. Further structural limitations--an archaic agriculture resulting in low productivity of land, a lack of private funding, and technological deficiencies (caused by inadequate R & D activities)--induced the failure of the program in its original conception. However, the national bourgeoisie's fear of foreign control lead the military to veto the possible alternative of further internationalization of the alcohol sector. It remains to be seen, in the light of the weakening position of Brazil in the world economy, if such a stance can be maintained in the long term.