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Economic development implies that a country's real output is growing at a faster rate than its population so that over time per caput output rises. One very simple way of achieving the growth of output is to bring formerly unemployed manpower into the labour force. But, since there is an inevitable limit to this method, a far more important aim is to bring about an increase in output per employed worker. [...]

Pastaraisiais metais Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje netyla kalbos apie šalį apėmusią ekonominę krizę. Vis dažniau prisimenama ir Pasaulinė ekonominė krizė, kuri siautė visame pasaulyje 1929–1933 metais. Ši ekonominė krizė dar vadinama Didžiąja depresija. Šiai krizei gilumu bei platumu neprilygsta nei viena iki šiol buvusi ekonominė krizė. Šiame darbe yra nagrinėjama kaip Pasaulinė ekonominė krizė paveikė Lietuvos ūkį bei kokią ekonominę politiką vykdė Lietuvos vyriausybė siekdama ją įveikti. Ši tema yra aktuali tuo, kad šiuo metu vėl siaučiant jau antrai Pasaulinei ekonominei krizei, yra svarbu žinoti, kaip ankstensė ekonominė krizė paveikė Lietuvą ir kokių priemonių buvo imtasi jai likviduoti. Rašant šį darbą buvo naudotas mokslinės literatūros ir šaltinių analizės bei lyginamasis metodas. Tiriant šią temą, buvo atskleista kaip stipriai Pasaulinė ekonominė krizė paveikė Lietuvos ūkį, buvo gilinamasi į jos poveikį atskiroms ūkio šakoms, taip pat ir į krizės poveikį Lietuvos gyventojams. Be to, darbe yra tiriama Lietuvos ekonominė politika, taip pat ieškomi bendrumai ir skirtumai tarp Lietuvos Vyriausybės vykdomos ekonominės politikos ir užsienio kraštų vykdomos ekonomines politikos. Baigus tyrimą paaiškėjo, kad Pasaulinė ekonominė krizė palietė Lietuvos ūkį taip pat, kaip ir kitas valstybės, tačiau Lietuvoje ji turėjo ir savų išskirtinumų. Kovojant su krize, Lietuvos valstybė neišsiskyrė stipriai iš kitų pasaulio valstybių vykdoma ekonomine politika. Ji ėjo tuo pačiu ekonominės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In recent years the media of Lithuania keep talking about the country covered economic crisis. It is often remembered the Global Economic Crisis, which was raging around the world in 1929-1933. The latter economic crisis is known as the Great Depression. In this topic is researched the impact of the Global Economic Crisis on the economy of Lithuania and what economic policy was executed in order to overcome the crisis. In these days, when the second Global Economic Crisis is raging, it is important to know how the previous economic crisis affected Lithuania and what measures had been taken in order to overcome it. While writing this work were used the scientific literature, analysis of sources and comparative method. Doing the research of this topic was revealed how strongly The Global Economic Crisis has affected the economy of Lithuania, also the impact of crisis on different industries and population of Lithuania. Moreover, in this work was researched the economic policy of Lithuania, looked for similarities and differencies between the government of Lithuania implemented economic policy and foreign countries implemented economic policy. The research revealed that the Global Economic Crisis has affected the economy of Lithuania as well as the economy of other states, however the crisis in Lithuania had its own features. Overcoming the crisis Lithuania with its implemented economic policy did not distinguish heavily from other countries of the world. Its way of economic... [to full text]

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Brazil instituted a crawling peg (mini-devaluation) exchange rate system in 1968 as a long-term device to put into operation an "export oriented growth-cum-debt" model of economic development. The crawling peg was expected to serve diverse objectives by decreasing the variability in the exchange rate. In this study we have analyzed the degree to which this strategy succeeded in realizing the desired goals during the period from 1968 to 1980. / Our findings verified that the implementation of the crawl was an important tool that protected and enhanced Brazil's competitive position in world markets. The demand for Brazilian products became more responsive both to changes in relative prices and to changes in world income. We further established the significance of the crawl in stabilizing import prices and flows in addition to its impact on foreign financing decisions.

With South Korea as the case study, this thesis analyzes the role, allocation, and productivity of foreign capital. We evaluate hypotheses based on the Harrod-Domar, Solow-Swan, and dual-gap growth models with foreign savings. An econometric growth-with-foreign debt model (consisting of forty three equations) is estimated to test hypotheses and to quantify theoretical conclusions. The econometrics include tests of (a) the Griffin-Enos substitution hypothesis, and (b) the Please hypothesis or effect. We also include South Korea's internal and external economic adjustments in response to the oil-with-recessionary shocks in 1974-1975, and 1979-1980. The econometric model is tested to ensure that its dynamic and system characteristics are economically and statistically sound to support simulation experiments. As a supplement to the economic analysis, the final chapter includes essential non-economic considerations.

Conventional and radical approaches alike to the anthropological study of social change and economic development have fallaciously attempted to examine complex and mutable underlying social and historical processes by means of abstract theoretical structures. Through a critical focus on the contemporary marxian debate over modes of production, a new and potentially more fruitful direction for economic anthropology and development studies is proposed here in the form of an hypothesis concerning imperialism. / Imperialism is hypothesized to constitute such a complex and mutable process inseverably bound to that of capitalist development throughout the latter's history. Attempting in a gradually maturing manner to accumulate capital by any possible means, metropolitan ruling classes have persistently been forced to intervene in and distort local processes of class struggle and transformation in other social formations. But continuously changing processes of so-called economic "underdevelopment" must therefore necessarily have been imposed on peripheral areas of metropolitan nations and regions just as they have on colonies and neo-colonies of the Third World. / An initial test of this hypothesis is thus afforded by the "domestic" case of the northern New England state of Vermont in the USA before 1870. Particular emphasis is placed on the crucial period of rapid U.S. capitalist development after 1830, as an incipient process of proletarianization was distorted and delayed in rural hinterland Vermont well beyond such processes taking place on the nearby northeastern seaboard. The initiation of peripheral capitalist development in Vermont is analyzed in terms of the substitution for native-born free peasants of an ethnically distinct, "super-exploited" immigrant proletariat in a few rural export enclaves, as the former direct producers began emigrating permanently instead to the established industrial cities on the seaboard. Vermont's changing relative economic "underdevelopment" within New England and within the USA as a whole from 1870 through the 1970's is discussed in a summary chapter. / The initial confirmation in the Vermont case of this hypothesis concerning imperialism and capitalist development suggests it must be seriously considered in cases of contemporary economic "underdevelopment" elsewhere.