Le bénéfice de survie restreint à un horizon temporel donné a été proposé comme mesure alternative aux mesures relatives de l’effet d’un traitement notamment dans le cas de non proportionnalité des risques de décès. Le bénéfice de survie restreint correspond à la différence des survies moyennes entre deux bras de traitement et s’exprime en nombre d’années de vie gagnées. Dans la littérature, cette mesure est présentée comme plus intuitive que le hazard ratio et plusieurs auteurs ont proposé son utilisation pour le design et l’analyse d’un essai clinique. Toutefois, ce n’est pas actuellement la mesure qui est utilisée de manière courante dans les essais randomisés. Cette mesure s’applique quelle que soit la distribution des temps de survie et est adaptée si l’hypothèse des risques proportionnels n’est pas respectée. De plus, le bénéfice de survie restreint peut être utilisé en évaluation médico-économique où la mesure d’un effet absolu est nécessaire (nombre d’années de vie gagnées pondérées ou non par la qualité de vie). Si l’on souhaite estimer le bénéfice de survie restreint à partir d’une méta-analyse sur données individuelles, se pose alors la question de prendre en compte l’effet essai dû à la structure hiérarchique des données. L’objectif de cette thèse était de comparer des méthodes statistiques d’estimation du bénéfice de survie restreint à partir de données individuelles d’une méta-analyse d’essais cliniques randomisés. Le point de départ a été une étude de cas (étude coût-efficacité) réalisée à partir des données de la Meta-Analysis of Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer. Cette étude a montré que les cinq méthodes d’estimation étudiées conduisaient à des estimations différentes du bénéfice de survie et de son intervalle de confiance. Le choix de la méthode d’estimation avait également un impact sur les résultats de l’analyse coût-efficacité. Un second travail a consisté à mener une étude de simulation pour mieux comprendre les propriétés des méthodes d’estimation considérées en termes de biais moyen et d’erreur-type. Enfin, la dernière partie de la thèse a mis en application les enseignements de cette étude de simulation au travers de trois méta-analyses sur données individuelles dans le cancer du nasopharynx et dans le cancer du poumon à petites cellules. / The survival benefit restricted up to a certain time horizon has been suggested as an alternative measure to the common relative measures used to estimate the treatment effect, especially in case of non-proportional hazards of death. The restricted survival benefit corresponds to the difference of the two restricted mean survival times estimated for each treatment arm, and is expressed in terms of life years gained. In the literature, this measure is considered as more intuitive than the hazard ratio and many authors have suggested its use for the design and the analysis of clinical trials. However, it is not currently the most used measure in randomized trials. This measure is valid under any distribution of the survival times and is adapted if the proportional hazards assumption does not hold. In addition, the restricted survival benefit can be used in medico-economic evaluation where an absolute measure of the treatment effect is needed (number of [quality adjusted] life years gained). If one wants to estimate the restricted survival benefit from an individual participant data meta-analysis, there is a need to take into account the trial effect due to the hierarchical structure of the data. The aim of this thesis was to compare statistical methods to estimate the restricted survival benefit from an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized trials. The starting point was a case study (cost-effectiveness analysis) using data from the Meta-Analysis of Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer. This study showed that the five investigated methods yielded different estimates for the restricted survival benefit and its confidence interval. The choice of a method to estimate the survival benefit also impacted on cost-effectiveness results. Our second project consisted in a simulation study to have a better understanding of the properties of the investigated methods in terms of bias and standard error. Finally, the last part of the thesis illustrated the lessons learned from the simulation study through three examples of individual participant data meta-analysis in nasopharynx cancer and in small cell lung cancer.

[pt] A tese busca aprimorar, em termos teóricos e práticos, a modelagem de valoração econômica de investimentos sob alto grau de incerteza, tais como os projetos de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D), sobretudo os de natureza incremental. Partindo de um modelo de valoração de projetos baseado na Teoria das Opções Reais, incorpora uma concepção de incerteza mais completa, que alcança aspectos ligados ao ato decisório, conhecida como Incerteza knightiana, onde são separados os conceitos de risco e incerteza. A aplicação integral da concepção de Knight (1921) em modelos quantitativos é possível em função do desenvolvimento matemático de Schmeidler (1982), que resultou em nova fórmula de cálculo de valores esperados, baseada na integral de Choquet (1953). O novo modelo compreende um cálculo de valor esperado que reconhece no agente uma aversão à incerteza nessa conceituação, conhecido como valor esperado de Choquet. / [en] The Thesis aims to improve, on theoretical and pratical terms, the modeling of economic valuation of investments under high uncertainty, such as Research and Development projects (R&D), especially those that are incremental in nature. From a valuation model based on the design of Real Options Theory, it incorporates a more complete view of uncertainty, which reaches the decisionmaking aspects of the act, known as knightian Uncertainty, where the concepts of risk and uncertainty are separated. The full implementation of the concept of Knight (1921) on quantitative models is possible according to the mathematical development of Schmeidler (1982), which resulted in a new formula for calculation of expected values, based on the Choquet integral (1953). The new model includes a calculation of expected value that makes it possible for the agent to recognize an uncertainty aversion in this concept, known as the Choquet expected value.

The diploma thesis is focused on proposal of workplace modification according to the lean manufacturing methodology (DMAIC). The target is to minimize the wasting and to increase the production efficiency based on LEAN tools implementation. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the basic terms, such as primarily lean production, DMAIC, wasting. In the practical part there is at problem analysis using the DMAIC method, then the proposal for improvement is solved, that contains reduction of wasting, process of the project, timetable, costs and implantation of the solution, finally there is evaluated the benefit.

This thesis deals with mechanical design of right-angle manual milling head for headstock of horizontal boring machine of Fermat production. The thesis includes research of milling head types, Fermat production heads, but also heads of competition companies with similar parameters like designed head. Design part of thesis is about describing used components of chosen solution. The thesis includes also technical report describing calculation of load spectrum from machining, design of gears, calculation of reactions in spindle bearings, spindle deformation and control of spindle bearings. The end of the thesis describes financial evaluation including also comparation with competitive milling heads with similar parameters.

The use of gas microturbines as a primary unit in CHP is still weak in the industrial process. It gives the driving force to the main aim of this master thesis, which is the technical and economic evaluation of the gas microturbines waste heat recovery system, which is the key factor for their economic sustainability. Assignment contains description of CHP system that was gradually built in LENP laboratory, part of NETME Centre. The author has joined the final work before start-up of the CHP system. He presents and describes results of the first experiments on this unit. The flue gas of a microturbine was used for heating water by heat exchanger flue gas–water and for direct linen drying. The case study of laundry with capacity 10 tons per shift was developed in cooperation with companies in laundry care. Results of those tests were used to process integration and utilization of this professional industrial laundry All obstacles found and opportunities of the use of microturbines are comprehensively described and tested in case studies, which are simulated in Chemstation Chemcad Software. Results of the thesis are expected to be useful these fields: the use of gas microturbines in industry & energy savings in industrial laundries.

Interní marketing je dnes aktuálním tématem, kterým se zabývá vedení mnoha firem. Tato práce se zaměřuje na metody, které mohou zlepšit interní marketing firmy a přispět tak k lepší motivaci zaměstnanců. V práci je analyzována současná situace interního marketingu firmy Imcon Electronics v oblastech interní komunikace, motivace a vzdělávání se ve firmě. Cílem této práce je navrhnout způsoby, které by měli zvýšit motivaci zaměstnanců této firmy. Práce přináší bližší pohled na současné praktiky ve společnosti a návrhy, jak lépe motivovat její zaměstnance. Také obsahuje ekonomické zhodnocení, náklady a odhad ekonomického přínosu pro firmu.

Energetická náročnost a ekonomická životaschopnost jsou často skloňované pojmy spojené s aquaponickým způsobem produkce potravin. Tato práce si klade za cíl nalézt opatření, která by zvýšila ziskovost podnikání v oblasti aquaponie a zároveň by snížila energetickou náročnost procesu a spotřebu dalších zdrojů. Součástí práce je následné ověření vybraných opatření na zkušební aquaponické farmě. K vyřešení otázky úspory energie a vody byly použity optimalizační metody vycházející z procesního inženýrství. Pro účely automatického monitoringu růstu rostlin, jakožto hlavního zdroje příjmů v aquaponii, byla využita technologie počítačového vidění. Za využití optimalizační metody zvané P-graph, integrace procesů a hledání procesních alternativ bylo nalezeno nejlepší možné uspořádání procesní sítě, které vykazovalo více než devítinásobný čistý roční příjem ve srovnání se současným uspořádáním procesních zařízení v aquaponické farmě. Dalších úspor energie a vody bylo dosaženo instalací reflexních fólií na okraje pěstebních boxů a dalším využitím odpadní vody z aquaponické části farmy v hydroponické sekci určené k pěstování sazenic. Tato opatření mohou napomoci aquaponickým farmám zvýšit konkurenceschopnost a snížit jejich dopad na životní prostředí.

The diploma thesis deals with the life cycle of the project, economic evaluation and risk analysis and its findings should help in deciding on the investment to take over the project and its further implementation. The introductory part of the work is used to get acquainted with the theoretical basis, methods of risk analysis and economic evaluation and design of a methodological procedure for the development of a case study. The case study uses economic indicators to assess the investment project and further defines and evaluates risks using the modified RIPRAN method. Some measures to reduce the risks of the project are also described and proposed.

This diploma thesis deals with the operational and economic assessment of the installation of new TG3 turbines in the Perov Heating Plant. The beginning of this thesis deals with a brief theoretical introduction of this investment and describes the classical economic evaluation methods and the Monte Carlo method. Subsequently, the investment project was analyzed and inputs for the economic model were created. The economic model was then evaluated using classical methods and Monte Carlo methods, the results are then compared with each other. Based on the results of the economic evaluation, the most efficient variant of the Perov Heating Plant technology was chosen.

This thesis describes the design of a new plant for the production of printed circuit boards with a capacity of 40,000 square meters per year. Describes the basic principles of a new production, production logistics principles and technological design, procedure for application of the method SLP, placement of production areas and capacity calculation of employees and machines. It also describes the technological process of production of printed circuit boards with subtractive method and discusses the different steps of production with regard to the proposed production. The practical part deals with the actual realization of the project, a selection of production technology, machinery, design the layout of the building, capacity calculations, deployment tools, practical application of the method SLP, visualization of production in the Plavis VisTable software, waste management and economic evaluation of project costs.