Orientador: Daniela Magalhães Prates / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T17:19:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Filleti_JulianadePaula_D.pdf: 1167993 bytes, checksum: 85acb0faad32c2641d515410def90883 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta tese tem como principal objetivo analisar as fontes de financiamento das empresas não financeiras de capital aberto no Brasil no período de 2003 a 2008 a partir de uma nova abordagem econométrica, denominada de regressão linear quantílica. Esta metodologia é proposta por se adequar melhor ao problema em questão sob dois aspectos. O primeiro deles, denominado de econômico, é a sua capacidade de detectar a heterogeneidade estrutural presente na questão do financiamento ao se tratar de diferentes empresas, sem a influência externa do pesquisador. O segundo, econométrico, se deve à robustez do método a desvios das hipóteses iniciais, tais como a suposição de normalidade dos resíduos. Para tal são construídos três indicadores de fontes de financiamento (autofinanciamento, financiamento externo via endividamento e financiamento externo via emissão acionária), assim como quatro variáveis consideradas como relevantes para a tomada de decisão de investimento: tamanho da empresa, intensidade de capital, lucratividade e crescimento médio anual. No modelo econométrico elaborado, os indicadores de financiamento são as chamadas "variáveis respostas" e as demais são variáveis explicativas de modelos de regressão. Antes de apresentar este modelo, realiza-se uma resenha bibliográfica da literatura teórica sobre o tema e da literatura empírica aplicada ao caso brasileiro e estimam-se modelos de mínimos quadrados corrigidos para a heterocedasticidade para cada uma destas regressões. Estes modelos constituem a metodologia tradicional encontrada na literatura e servem de base de comparação para a análise realizada a posteriori / Abstract: The mainly objective of this thesis is to analyze the finance sources for Brazilian's open capital non-financial enterprises between 2003 and 2008 from a new econometric approach, named quantile linear regression. This methodology is proposed because it fits better to this issue in two ways. First, the economic motive, is explained by the ability of this model to deal with the structural heterogeneity inside the financial question, when dealing with different enterprises, without the researcher's influence. Secondly, the econometric motive, is due to the robustness of the methodology to small switches from initial hypothesis, such as the error normality supposition. For this, three indicators of financing sources are built (named auto financing, outer financing via debt and outer financing via equity), just as four variables considered as relevant to the investment decision process: enterprise size, capital intensity, profitability and median annual growth. In the econometric model developed, each of the financial indicators is considered as "response variables" and the others as explanatory variables of the regression models. Before presenting this model, we carried out a bibliography review of the theoretical literature on the subject and the empirical literature applied to the Brazilian case and estimate models of least squares corrected to heteroscedasticity for each regression. These models are the methods found in literature and serve as a basis of comparison for the subsequent analysis / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Magister Artium - MA / There is a high prevalence of sexual risk behaviour among adolescent females in South Africa. As such several intervention programmes are being offered by government, non-profit organisations and the private sector. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand adolescent females’ experiences and perceptions regarding adolescent sexual risk behaviour after their involvement in a youth development programme, offered by the Department of Social Development, in a selected community in the Eastern Cape, South Arica. As such a combination of an exploratory and descriptive design was employed, using a feminist approach to contextualise the phenomenon under investigation. Fifteen females between 18 and 25 years who participated in the YOLO programme participated in the study. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thematic data analysis yielded five themes and several subthemes. The findings indicate that adolescents engage in risky sexual behaviours from a very early age. The beneficial impact of the YOLO programme, its contribution towards improved decision making, reduced sexual risk behaviours and awareness of the influence of peer pressure are key findings. Recommendations for policy, social work practice and further research are offered. These include the need for research that addresses sexual risk behaviours in pre-adolescence. Improved insight into how to target sexual risk behaviours during pre-adolescence are regarded as a significant preventative measure. Moreover, government and policy makers should conduct more rigorous evaluations of youth development programmes focused on reducing risky sexual behaviour. Ethical clearance was granted by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Ethics Committee, at the University of the Western Cape, and the Department of Social Development in the Eastern Cape.

The adequacy of existing transport infrastructure to four distinct clusters in Austria's key regions is tested by examining the willingness of logistics managers to pay for additional service improvements. Findings show an overall willingness to pay for multiple service improvements; this reveals a general dissatisfaction with current shipping options, regardless of transport mode, where rail mode services ("Bahn") provoke the greatest dissatisfaction. Willingness to pay for improvements generally increases by degrees of regional EU remoteness and relative youth of cluster industries, as hypothesized from Schumpterian assumptions concerning infrastructure innovation. / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

Thesis (M.Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / Rural areas of South Africa are characterised by high levels of unemployment and poverty resulting from lack of economic infrastructure. This led to the initiation of the Comprehensive Rural Development (CRDP) in 2009 to address poverty and lack of development in rural areas. Infrastructure provision to rural communities was identified as one of the main priorities of government. It was piloted in Muyexe village of Limpopo Province due to its lack of basic infrastructural services. This study was undertaken to investigate the impact made to cooperatives through the utilization of the infrastructures in terms of income generation and poverty alleviation. It also aimed at determining how sustainable the programme will be in the long-term. The key research questions asked were to determine if infrastructure provision could contribute to poverty alleviation and to determine how sustainable such programmes may be. Again, the study had to evaluate how the programme was implemented, to identify challenges faced and the gaps. It also recommends the solutions for future implementation of the programme. The study used a quantitative survey questionnaire which was administered to 30 beneficiaries of the projects. The findings of the study revealed that infrastructure for farming, brick laying, arts and craft and cosmetics manufacturing were provided to the cooperatives depending on their needs. The infrastructure provision programme contributed to improving the working conditions of the cooperatives but the impact made in terms of job creation, income generation, improving livelihoods and poverty alleviation is limited to a number of households. The programme had loopholes during its implementation due to lack of integration between the spheres of government and also lack of proper consultation. Cooperatives are still faced with a high challenge of lack of infrastructure because the infrastructure supplied was insufficient. The study recommends that proper consultation must be done to ensure that there is maximum participation by all concerned stake holders including the community. Effective mechanisms for training, supervision and designing of monitoring tools must also be done. Due to time, a larger sample could not be done and future research needs to be undertaken on a lager sample and also on the management of infrastructure provided to ensure that there is accountability amongst cooperatives.

Orientador: Fernando Nogueira da Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T02:35:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miterhof_MarceloTrindade_M.pdf: 401889 bytes, checksum: 05d191ce356a02cac6739675efcd8c63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: Este trabalho discute o financiamento do sub-setor rodoviário brasileiro. Inicialmente, é enfocado seu histórico e seu desmantelamento. As possibilidades de reconstrução dos canais de financiamento são discutidas tendo em perspectiva a cobrança ao usuário e a incorporação (limitada) do setor privado na construção, manutenção e operação de rodovias. Para isso, são avaliados a experiência internacional e os principais riscos associados ao sub-setor rodoviário, relativizando com os demais setores de infra-estrutura / Abstract / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

Yes / The pressing necessity to renew infrastructure assets in developed railway systems leads to an increased number of activities to be scheduled annually. Scheduling of renewal activities for a railway network is a critical task because these activities often require a significant amount of time and create a capacity conflict in operation scheduling. This paper discusses economic and technological aspects, opportunities, and constraints in the renewals of multiple rail infrastructure components at several locations in a railway network. We addressed and modeled a challenging situation in which there were interrelationships between different track lines, and thus, possession of a track line could affect the other track lines and prevent renewal works on them. A mathematical formulation for the railway infrastructure renewal scheduling problem in the network context was presented to minimize the total renewal and unavailability costs. A method based on a triple-prioritization rule and an optimal sharing of renewal times allocated for different types of rail infrastructure components in a possession is proposed to solve the problem. The method was applied to a real case of a regional railway network in Northern Netherlands and it was shown that up to 13% of total costs can be saved compared with the current scheduling practice.