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The famous wealth of Norman Sicily was due to the careful managing of regal resources and property rights. The loose hand with which the Normans governed their economy allowed the island and its inhabitants to flourish, which in turn increased the wealth of the Norman kings.

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / John W. Keller / The purpose of this report is to identify the role of transportation linkages in facilitating economic development in Portland, Maine, and the surrounding region, beginning with the city’s 19th century maritime economy. In the process, this study demonstrates how the evolution of Portland’s economy, from early mercantile capitalism, through the industrial and post-industrial eras, was greatly shaped by a succession of transportation developments, engineered by city leaders. Research reveals that these achievements were coordinated through both public sector planning and private sector entrepreneurship, to cultivate comparative advantages for the city. Evidence of this implicit collaboration is apparent in the growth of new economic sectors to support local shipping, rail, freight, and eventually commercial airline service. As a result of these efforts, Portland maintains a status as a regional economic gateway that is disproportionate to its modest population of fewer than 70,000 residents. In support of this argument, this report will also present relevant historical anecdotes to provide context for the growth of the city and broader region as a whole, from colonization through globalization. As part of the city’s economic history, this discussion demands an examination of the macroeconomic forces that contributed to the rise and fall of the local maritime industries, manufacturing, and the 21st century service sector economy. Additionally, this report will discuss the impact of major global events, including war, recession, and the telecommunication revolution, all of which have precipitated major socio-economic changes across the United States. The report concludes by offering insight into Portland’s future, with specific respect to the 2008 economic crisis and the resulting impact on the local real estate and financial markets. Despite an economic climate that threatens the viability of small cities across the United States, Portland’s history of resilience provides hope for a prosperous future. In light of the city’s modern economic trajectory, the ability to a chart a new course will rely upon progressive leadership that can capitalize on the region’s natural geographic resources. These future developments will, no doubt, parallel a new wave of investment in local infrastructure and transportation linkages.

published_or_final_version / Literary and Cultural Studies / Master / Master of Arts

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of ascertaining whether or not A. C. Pigou led to the development of a modern school of Welfare Economics. This study has a threefold purpose. The first is to examine the welfare criterion of the classical tradition. The second is to examine the welfare criterion of the neoclassical tradition. The third is to develop a synthesis of classical and neoclassical into a modern welfare criterion. This study concludes that A. C. Pigou has founded a modern school of Welfare Economics. Pigou accomplished this by synthesizing the welfare doctrines of the classical tradition with that of the neoclassical tradition.

The proposal has been put forward that ecological economics seek to become substantive economics (Gerber and Scheidel 2018). This raises important issues about the content and direction of ecological economics. The division of economics into either substantive or formal derives from the work of Karl Polanyi. In developing his ideas Polanyi employed a definition from Menger and combined this with Tönnies theory of historical evolution. In this paper I explore why the resulting substantive vs. formal dichotomy is problematic. In particular the article exposes the way in which trying to impose this dichotomy on history of economic thought and epistemology leads to further false dichotomies. Besides Polanyi, the positions of other important thinkers informing social ecological economics (SEE) are discussed including Neurath, Kapp and Georgescu-Roegen. The aim is to clarify the future direction of ecological economics and the role, in that future, of ideas raised under the topic of substantive economics. / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

Thesis advisor: Peter N. Ireland / The banking structure as it is known today in the United States largely originated in the 1930s after the onslaught of the Great Depression. The Federal Deposit Insurance Company developed deposit insurance to stabilize the industry and protect consumers. They laid down rules and regulations that shaped the banking and financial sector of the American economy into the early form of what patrons use today. Large banks were concentrated in financial centers, mostly New York, with some scattered in the west coast and other big cities. Most smaller towns had one or two state-chartered commercial banks with thrift institutions flourishing alongside. Personal and even business customers banked on a small, local scale. Sixty plus years later, the same industry structure is still in place, but its face has changed dramatically. The financial system of the United States in the 21st century is vastly different from the one that was commonly used only one generation ago. Geographic deregulation in the 1970s drastically changed the geography of the American banking industry. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics Honors Program.

This dissertation explores two paradigms of modernization popular in Mexico in the 1940s. It argues that careful discussion of those paradigms is necessary to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the transition to an 'institutionalized' revolution, and also of the possible ways modernization can be imagined The two paradigms are distinguished with the aid of Karl Mannheim's dichotomy of 'utopia' versus 'ideology.' The 'utopian' approach to modernization was influenced by European historicism, which was popularized in Mexico through the works of Jose Ortega y Gasset and the arrival of Spanish refugee intellectuals. Historicism mixed freely with discussions of modernization in the early 1940s, particularly in the university classrooms of Jesus Silva Herzog and Luis Recasens Siches, and it helped Mexicans reconcile 'planned' modernization to their liberal and humanist traditions. The 'ideological' approach to modernization was influenced by the 'scientific management' movement in the United States, where several students from the National Autonomous University's National School of Economics studied public administration. That younger generation was determined to revive the Mexican Revolution through enlightened 'management.' The dissertation hypothesizes that their attempted synthesis of the 'utopian' and 'ideological' paradigms was conducive to political stability, but not to the renewal of the Revolution / acase@tulane.edu

This study explores the implications of the rise and fall of the Argentine military industrial complex on future civil-military relations. An investigation of the nationalist and military objective to attain self-sufficiency in defense-related industries begs the questions of whether concerns over dependency, on international sources of arms, internal enemies, regional rivalries, and periodic foreign policy tensions with the United States have been quelled permanently. If neoliberal policies in Argentina fail to provide a permanent model for development and Argentina sees a resurgence of nationalist-statist leaders, where will the wave of privatizations the military has experienced leave the nation and its leaders' aspirations to become a great power? On numerous past occasions the military has stepped in by force, with the support of key social sectors, to govern in the face of discontent and to defend its corporate interests. Within the new rubric of civil-military relations, where will party leaders and entrepreneurial groups who have often appealed to the military for help in removing their enemies from power turn? Will the armed forces' fear of diminished military might ring true? Or will a new military mission serve to curb their predisposition to enter politics? This work argues that prospects for the military's institutional incorporation into the state are currently better than in any period in Argentina's recent past. While military prerogatives have been reduced to a point that historically might have posed a dramatic threat to democracy, military contestation has remained relatively low. After years of slow but steady downsizing propelled by civilian leaders, it appears unlikely that the Argentine military retains the armed capacity and industrial muscle to resume its tradition of chronic interventionism. The changing international context has served to reinforce this new paradigm of subordination to civilian leadership for the Argentine military / acase@tulane.edu