Population development of Kazakhstan: geographic, economic and geopolitical aspects Abstract Present research based on analysis of the main trends in demographic development of Kazakhstan at the national and regional level. Demographic changes are quite important factor affecting the problems of territorial, economic and geopolitical development of the country. Relatively small population quite clearly reflects the changes of economic and geopolitical conditions. The result of it is the changes in population size, structure, and geographical pattern. Over the past decade in Kazakhstan observed population growth and change of ethnic structure. Against this background, distribution of the population within the country becomes one of the key problems in Kazakhstan. The main reason is growing disproportions in economic development of regions. Quite significant role here plays the ethnic heterogeneity of the regions, which also determines the nature of population development. Under such conditions, the demographic development acquires strategic importance.

Orientador: Marcio Antonio Cataia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T20:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Farias_AndreRodrigo_M.pdf: 5142420 bytes, checksum: 553f93db0a1851c3814c4b2a2fab3fdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo; O texto objetiva discutir as questões relativas às transferências intergovernamentais constitucionais realizadas entre a União, os estados e os municípios no que se refere às compensações financeiras por exploração de recursos hídricos, recursos minerais e royalties advindos da exploração de petróleo e gás natural. Esses aportes financeiros estruturam um importante viés da capacidade de organização dos entes federativos nacionais, influenciando de maneira significativa em suas configurações sócio-territoriais, bem como condicionando a própria conformação e desenvolvimento da federação brasileira enquanto modo de organização política do Estado nacional. O repasse e distribuição dessas transferências entre os entes federativos, previsto na Constituição Federal, são realizados mediante o atendimento de diversos critérios legais por parte dos agentes envolvidos, adequando-se a um amplo sistema normativo cuja incumbência principal é fornecer a regulação necessária para a continuidade e aperfeiçoamento desses instrumentos de transferência de recursos públicos. Entre as inúmeras variáveis geradas a partir dessa base legal de repasse de finanças governamentais, um atributo fundamental à análise refere-se às formas específicas e seletivas com que esses recursos são distribuídos pelo território nacional, impactando significativamente as estratégias de desenvolvimento regional. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa problematiza os aspectos principais dessa modalidade de transferência intergovernamental constitucional, compreendendo a forma e relevância em que se apresentam para a organização da federação brasileira, bem como no conjunto do território nacional, destacando seus principais aspectos legais, políticos, econômicos e, sobretudo, territoriais / Abstract: The text aims to discuss issues relating to constitutional intergovernmental transfers made between Union, states and municipalities that regards to financial compensation for exploitation of water resources, mineral resources and royalties arising from petroleum and natural gas. These financial contributions structure a significant bias of the capacity of organization of national federative entities, influencing significantly in their socio-territorial settings, as well as conditioning its own conformation and development of the Brazilian federation as a mode of political organization of the national State. The repass and distribution of this transfers between the federal entities foreseen in the Constitution, are performed with the assistance of several legal criterions by the agents involved, adapting itself to a wide regulatory system whose main incumbency is to provide the necessary regulation to the continuity and improvement of these instruments of transfer of public resources. Among the many variables generated from this legal basis for the transfer of government finances, a key attribute of the analysis refers to the selective and specific ways in which these resources are distributed throughout the country, significantly impacting the regional development strategies. Therein, the survey discusses the main aspects of this type of constitutional intergovernmental transfers, comprehending the manner and relevance that are presented to the organization of the Brazilian federation, as well as in the set of the national territory, highlighting its major legal, political, economic and mainly territorial aspects / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia